Toxicology - 304 entries found

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1990

CIS 91-1206 Iregren A., Gamberale F.
Human behavioral toxicology - Central nervous effects of low-dose exposure to neurotoxic substances in the work environment
The central nervous effects of low-dose exposure to the neurotoxic substances found in the work environment can manifest themselves both as adverse subjective reactions and as performance impairments and physiological changes. The acute manifestations of these effects can be studied under highly controlled conditions in laboratory experiments on volunteers or in quasi-experimental field studies on occupationally exposed workers. The effects of long-term occupational exposure are commonly studied with the use of epidemiologic techniques in cross-sectional investigations or cohort studies. In addition studies using data from clinical cases have been conducted to describe the chronic effects of exposure. Although these types of investigations can provide valuable information on the health hazards due to the neurotoxicity of different substances, their accomplishment encounters theoretical and practical problems, some of which are described and discussed in the present paper.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1990, Vol.16, Suppl.1, p.17-25. Illus. 59 ref.

CIS 91-582 Turner R.M., Fairhurst S.
Health and Safety Executive
Toxicology of substances in relation to major hazards: Hydrogen fluoride
This review examines the "dangerous toxic load" (DTL) for hydrogen fluoride, in accordance with the principles of toxicological assessment described in the HSE publication "Assessment of the toxicity of major hazard substances" (see CIS 90-1985). Contents: physicochemical properties of hydrogen fluoride; toxicological data available in humans and animals; derivation of DTL. Tables show LC₅₀ values for hydrogen fluoride in animals and observations from single exposure inhalation studies in animals. A DTL value of 2,400,000ppm² min is suggested for use in risk analyses.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 10p. 15 ref. Price: GBP 3.00.

CIS 91-252 Turner R.M., Fairhurst S.
Health and Safety Executive
Toxicology of substances in relation to major hazards - Chlorine
This report reviews the available toxicological data on chlorine and derives an equation for the dangerous toxic load. Although animal experiments have yielded several sets of acute toxicity results for a range of species, there are no reliable data on exposure conditions producing serious toxic effects in humans. The dangerous toxic load calculated using the derived equation is 108,000ppm².min. A table summarises observations made during single exposure inhalation studies in animals.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1990. 12p. 26 ref. Price: GBP 3.00.

CIS 90-1988 Berlin A., Draper M., Krug E., Roi R., van der Venne M. T.
The toxicology of chemicals - 1. Carcinogenicity, Vol.II - Summary reviews of the scientific evidence
This volume contains reviews of 21 compounds, including 10 of the nickel family. An introductory chapter is devoted to the inorganic chemistry, biological properties and the processing of nickel ore. In each review the data is presented under the following headings: introductory remarks, animal data, mutagenic, genotoxic and related information, human data, scientific conclusions, need for further work and references.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1990. 145p. Bibl. Price: ECU 13.75.

1989

CIS 92-972 Lauwerys R., Bernard A.
Industrial toxicology
Toxicologie industrielle [in French]
The objective of industrial toxicology is defined as the prevention of changes in the health of workers exposed to chemical substances. The concepts of "acceptable risk", dose-effect and dose-response relationships are discussed along with 3 surveillance methods for evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures. Methods of toxic risk assessment are reviewed: in vivo or in vitro experimental studies, epidemiological studies of exposed subjects, and occasionally investigations on volunteers. Applications of industrial toxicology include the determination of permissible concentrations of toxic substances in workplace air, biological monitoring of exposure and the early detection of toxic effects. The importance of the complementary nature of experimental and epidemiological studies for improving the detection of biochemical and functional disturbances induced by toxic substances and above all, for evaluating the predictive value of the reported anomalies is underlined.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Intoxications, Pathologie du travail, 1989, 6p. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 92-425 Berlin A., Hoet P., Lauwerys R., Van der Venne M.T.
Directorate General of Employment, Social Affairs and Education (EEC)
Survey of training programmes in toxicology in the member States of the European Community
This report summarises the results of a questionnaire survey carried out in 1987-88 among member countries of the EEC. Of the 83 institutions which returned the questionnaire, 52 reported specific training programmes in toxicology. For each programme listed, the following information is provided, where available: responsible faculty or department; entry requirement; number of students per year; duration of course; description of the programme; outline of topics; reasons which motivated the creation of the training programme; main objectives; sources of financial support; main difficulties encountered; job opportunities. It is intended that the survey be periodically updated.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Bâtiment Jean Monnet, 2920 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 1989. 178p.

CIS 92-189 Ambrosi L., Soleo L., Elia G., Attimonelli R.
The metabolic pathway of glutathione - Applications in industrial toxicology
This survey article discusses the value of the determination in urine of mercapturic acids, metabolic products of many electrophilic chemicals conjugating with glutathione in the liver (of which a list is provided). Unlike thioethers, mercapturic acids are metabolites that specifically indicate the entry of electrophilic chemicals into the body, and cannot be produced by food, pharmaceutical products or smoking, hence their value in biological monitoring. The metabolism of acrylonitrile, epichlorohydrin, vinyl chloride monomer and 1,2-dichloroethane are studied in detail.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1989, Vol.80, No.6, supplement, p.5-39. Illus. 183 ref.

CIS 91-576 Hood R.D.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Development toxicology: Risk assessment and the future
Review of efforts to estimate the risk of developmental defects and disabilities in humans due to the exposure of parents to chemicals before conception, during pregnancy or during childhood. Emphasis is on areas of needed research identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency, including paternally mediated effects, nonbehavioural functional effects, pharmacokinetic and physiological models, structure-activity relationships and mathematical modelling. Carcinogenicity, interspecies differences and methodological issues are also discussed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003, USA; Chapman and Hall, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE, United Kingdom, Dec. 1989. 279p. Illus. Approx. 810 ref. Index. Price: GBP 32.50.

CIS 91-186 Rády P., Arany I.
Molecular biological methods used in environmental toxicology
Molekuláris biológiai módszerek a környezeti toxikológiában [in Hungarian]
Literature review on the use of molecular biology techniques in the understanding of chemical carcinogenesis.
Egészségtudomány, 1990, Vol.33, No.1, p.58-65. 17 ref. Illus.

CIS 91-251 Turner R.M., Fairhurst S.
Health and Safety Executive
Toxicology of substances in relation to major hazards - Acrylonitrile
This paper reviews the available toxicological data on acrylonitrile and provides a derivation for a dangerous toxic load equation. Principal effects arising from a single inhalation exposure of animals to acrylonitrile vapour are sensory irritation of eyes and nose, reddening of the skin and lung oedema. Similar signs of toxicity have been reported in humans receiving an acute exposure, with liver tenderness and jaundice reported in workers receiving sublethal exposure. Acrylonitrile is carcinogenic in animals and possibly in humans, although from data available it is not possible to describe relationships between exposures and possible effects in humans. Based on data derived from animal studies, a toxic load equation for acrylonitrile is derived and the dangerous toxic load is calculated to be 9,600ppm/min.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1989. 10p. 16 ref. Price: GBP 3.00.

CIS 90-258 Berlin A., Draper M., Krug E., Rol R., Van der Venne M.T.
The toxicology of chemicals - 1. Carcinogenicity, Volume 1 - summary reviews of the scientific evidence
36 reviews covering 64 substances are presented in this volume. In each review the data is presented under the following headings: introduction, animal data, mutagenic and genotoxic information, human data, scientific conclusions, need for further work, references.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, L-2985 Luxembourg, 1989, Vol.1. 184p. Bibl. Price: ECU 15.00.

CIS 89-1623 Nickel and nickel compounds: review of toxicology and epidemiology with special reference to carcinogenesis
Review of the available data on the toxicology of nickel with particular reference to metabolism, animal carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and epidemiology. The physical and chemical properties of nickel and its compounds are briefly described, as are methods of production from nickel-containing ores. The uses and relative commercial importance of nickel and its compounds are also indicated. Although nickel subsulfide produces tumours in animals, the experimental conditions are not relevant to human exposure. There is sound epidemiological evidence that workers in nickel refining and nickel sulfate production may develop cancers of the respiratory tract, but the mixed exposures in these environments prevent the identification of any individual nickel compound as a proven human carcinogen (Category 1, according to EEC criteria). Nickel subsulfide may be considered a Category 2 substance (presumptive carcinogen). Nickel powder and nickel (II) oxide are possible carcinogens (Category 3). Although several of the other compounds studied are toxic, none of them can be classified in terms of carcinogenicity.
European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre, Avenue Louise 250, B.63, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Feb. 1989. 111p. Illus. Bibl.

1988

CIS 91-526 Piotrowski J.K.
Preventive toxicology: examining the coherence of the system in Poland
This editorial examines the situation in Polish preventive toxicology. The recruitment, training and career opportunities of staff are discussed. The institutional framework of research in preventive toxicology is presented and the use of the data through evaluations and assessments analysed. In depicting professional organisations and bodies, the role of the Polish Society of Toxicology has been emphasised. International cooperation takes place to a great extent through the channels of the International Programme on Chemical Safety, but personal connections are vital, especially for the post-doctoral training of young scientists. Poland has already achieved a standard where creation of a coherent system of chemical safety is viable.
Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine, Feb. 1988, Vol.1, No.2, p.105-110.

CIS 90-1991
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Pesticide residues in food - 1987. Evaluations - Part II - Toxicology
These monographs were prepared by an WHO Expert Group and an FAO Panel of Experts subsequent to a Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) in Geneva (Switzerland), 21-30 Sep. 1987. They summarise safety data for the following pesticide residues: acephate, benalaxyl, bitertanol, chlordimeform, chinomethionat, chlorothalonil, cyfluthrin, dimethoate, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, permethrin, propiconazole. Data include results of toxicological studies, with special studies on carcinogenicity, reproduction, mutagenicity and teratogenicity. Results of observations in humans are also given where available. A toxicological evaluation gives levels causing no toxicological effect in experimental animals, together with a WHO estimate of an acceptable daily intake for man. An annex lists maximum daily intakes and residue limits for a range of pesticides.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Distribution and Sales Section, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Roma, Italy, 1988. 144p. Bibl.

CIS 90-1945 Mazarrasa Mowinckel D.F.O.
Toxicology of mercury
Toxicología del mercurio [in Spanish]
This article analyses the chemical behaviour of mercury in its various forms, from its entry into the human organism, by means of inhalation or ingestion, its biotransformation, transportation and distribution (kidney, liver, mucous membranes of the intestinal track, spleen, testicles, brain cells) until its elimination and excretion. Some historical references to the illnesses caused by mercury in mines and industry are also included.
Mapfre seguridad, 1st Quarter 1988, No.29, p.29-35. 6 ref. Illus.

CIS 90-1272 Ballantyne B.
Toxicology and hazard evaluation of cyanide fumigation powders
The typical fumigant powder is a mixture of 40% sodium cyanide (NaCN) and 60% kaolin. The acute oral toxicity of the mixture is proportional to its NaCN content; kaolin does not modify the toxicity of the NaCN. Release of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas from wetted powder gave potentially lethal concentrations of HCN at an application rate of 5g/m³, which is 5 times the recommended rate. The concentration produced by 1g/m³ was significant but not lethal. Application of fumigant powder to the eyes of rabbits produced conjunctivities and keratitis, and was ultimately lethal. Lethal amounts of cyanide were absorbed by abraded skin and moist intact skin, but not by dry intact skin. Thus, protective clothing and equipment should always be worn when cyanide fumigant powders are handled.
Clinical Toxicology, 1988, Vol.26, No.5/6, p.325-335. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 90-73
Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social
Elementary occupational toxicology
Toxicología laboral básica [in Spanish]
University-level textbook. Contents: introduction; action of toxic substances on the organism, dose-effect relationship, response dose; entry of toxic substances into the body; absorption and distribution of toxic substances in the body; metabolism of toxic substances; elimination; environmental exposure levels; limit values of biological exposure indicators; toxicology of mineral dusts and fibres; toxicology of metals, industrial solvents and pesticides; carcinogens, mutagens and teratogens. A table listing carcinogens (including mixtures and industrial processes) according to several sources (ILO, ACGIH, OSHA, Fishbein, Fraumeni) is enclosed.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, C/.Torrelaguna, 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1988. 183p. Illus. 92 ref.

CIS 89-1267 Varga B., Ungváry G.
Toxicology of metallic aluminium powder and fumes
A fém alumínium porának és gőzének toxikológiája [in Hungarian]
Contents of this toxicological review: physical and chemical properties; toxicology of aluminium (inhalation and other routes of entry, human data, effects on the central nervous system); delayed toxic effects (carcinogenic and mutagenic); survey of exposure limits around the world; recommended limits for Hungary (MAC, aluminium fumes: 5mg/m³; MAC, aluminium powder: 2mg/m³).
Munkavédelem, munka- és üzemegészségügy, 1988, No.10-12, p.339-342. 50 ref.

CIS 88-1504 D'Auria D.
Unit: Harmful dusts, gases and vapours - Module: Basic toxicology
Training module designed for home study. It includes many practical exercises with answers. Ten segments: general principles; absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and response; the respiratory system; the skin; blood and the blood system; the liver; the kidney; the nervous system; mutagenesis and carcinogenesis; evaluating the hazard.
Occupational Health and Safety, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Lion Gate Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HF, Hamps., United Kingdom, 1988. 73p. Illus.

1987

CIS 89-924 Luk'jančuk V.D.
Dinitrophenols: toxicology, therapy and prophylaxis of poisoning (literature review)
Dinitrofenol'nye soedinenija: toksikologija, terapija i profilaktika intoksikacij (obzor literatury) [in Russian]
Literature review which covers different mechanisms of the toxic action of dinitrophenols used in agriculture as universal pesticides. These highly toxic chemicals affect the heart, the lungs and the nervous system. Some cases of fatal poisoning by dinitrophenols have been reported. The substances interfere with oxidative phosphorylation and form reversible complexes with serum proteins. Specific methods of medical treatment have not yet been developed.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, July 1987, No.7, p.42-45. 44 ref.

CIS 89-526 Vojtenko G.A., Sasinovič L.M.
Toxicology of β-dihydroheptachlor (Dilor) and regulation of safe exposure levels
Toksikologija β-digidrogeptahlora (dilora) i reglamentacija bezopasnyh urovnej ego vozdejstvija [in Russian]
Animal experiments to study the toxic properties of Dilor were carried out. Like other organochlorine pesticides, Dilor affects the nervous system, upsets the protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and detoxification functions of the liver, and thus produces disorders of protein carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Dilor is a chemical of low toxicity with moderate cumulative effects. The results obtained were used as a basis for a MAC for Dilor in workplace air: for industrial premises 0,2mg/m³, in agriculture 0,5mg/m³.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Feb. 1987, No.2, p.93-95. 12 ref.

CIS 89-171 Berlin A., Dean J., Draper M.H., Smith E.M.B., Spreafico F.
Immunotoxicology
Proceedings of a seminar organised by the International Programme on Chemical Safety and the Commission of the European Communities with the participation of the International Society of Immunopharmacology, the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the US Environmental Protection Agency (Luxembourg, 6-9 Dec. 1984). Topics covered: immune dysfunction and disease; immunotoxicology, histopathology, in-vivo and in-vitro models, molecular mechanisms; interactions of specific xenobiotics with the immune system; hypersensitivity - basic concepts and clinical manifestations resulting from exposure to chemicals; health implications of immunotoxic effects; test strategies for the screening of chemicals for immunotoxic properties.
Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, P.O. Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358, USA, 1987. 495p. Illus. Bibl. Price: USD 121.50.

CIS 88-1252 Albrecht W.N.
Toxicology and hazard assessment of 1,3-Dichloropropene (Telone II)
Potential adverse health effects from occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) are reviewed and hazards assessed. Further toxicologic evaluations should be conducted using only high-purity material that is free from possibly confounding impurities and stabilisers. Safety considerations when handling the material are included.
Archives of Environmental Health, Sep.-Oct. 1987, Vol.42, No.5, p.292-296. 35 ref.

CIS 88-247 Salmon A.G.
Toxicology of industrial chemicals
Contents of this survey of present-day practice: evaluation of toxicity through animal experiments; routes of entry; dose-response relationships; exposure limits; testing and classification according to legislative requirements in the United Kingdom; formulations and mixtures.
Safety Practitioner, Aug. 1987, Vol.5, No.8, p.10-14.

1986

CIS 89-1311
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Toxikologie der Kommission für Pflanzenschutz-, Pflanzenbehandlungs- und Vorratsschutzmittel
Collected data on herbicide toxicology
Datensammlung zur Toxikologie der Herbizide [in German]
Loose-leaf collection published by the Toxicology Working Group of the Pesticides Committee of the German Research Association. Instalments 1-4 have been cited in CIS 79-520, 83-1130 and 84-231. Instalments 5 and 6 offer new or updated information (including trade names and manufacturers) on bromacil, flurenol, flurenol butyl ester, metolachlor, chlorflurenol methyl ester, chlorthiamid, cyanazine, daminozide, lenacil, diquat, butylate, cycloate, amitrole, atrazine, bromoxynil, chloramben, chloridazon, chlorpropham, chlortoluron, 2,4-D, dalapon, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diuron, DNOC, ioxynil, linuron, maleic acid hydrazide, MCPA, mecoprop, monolinuron, sodium chlorate, paraquat, picloram, simazine, 2,4,5-T, terbutryne, metoxuron, allyl alcohol, chlormequat, chlorphenprop-methyl, isocarbamide, methabenzthiazuron, metribuzin, monuron, pentanochlor, phenmedipham, prometryn, propham, and TCA. The 1st 9 compounds are cited in the CIS database for the first time.
VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Postfach 1260/1280, 6940 Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany, 1984. Vol.2. Instalment 5. (reprinted 1986). 141p.; 1986. Instalment 6. 138p. Whole collection approx. 1050p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 87-499 National Toxicology Program - Review of current DHHS, DOE, and EPA research related to toxicology, fiscal year 1986
This report covers the research projects and funding for the most active U.S. agencies. The projects are mainly concerned with basic toxicology, toxicologic testing or toxicology methods development; their titles, areas and abbreviated summaries are shown by agency. Tables of the chemicals, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers, test types (carcinogenesis, genetic toxicity, mutagenesis, toxic effets), and other project identification are given.
National Toxicology Program, Public Health Services, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, May 1986. 345p. Appendix.

CIS 87-498 National Toxicology Program - fiscal year 1986 annual plan
This report describes the activities in 1985 and plans for 1986 of some of the most active U.S. government agencies in the area of toxicology research, testing and methods development. Summaries are given of activities in: cellular and genetic toxicology; carcinogenesis research and related studies; toxicologic characterisation; chemical disposition and pathology; immunotoxicology; cutaneous, neurobehavioural, pulmonary, and reproductive and developmental toxicology; resources and planning assumptions; oversight and review; coordination and communication; and chemical nomination and selection.
National Toxicology Program, Public Health Services, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, May 1986. 354p. Appendices.

CIS 87-199 Salem H.
Inhalation toxicology - Research methods, applications, and evaluation
This pragmatic textbook covers: principles of inhalation toxicology; factors influencing toxicity; test article administration; designs and operational characteristics of inhalation exposure equipment; specialised test article administration: nose-only exposure and intratracheal inoculation; respiratory and bronchomotor reflexes in toxicity studies; physiological measurements following inhalation exposures; toxicokinetics: deposition, absorption, distribution, and excretion; target organ toxicity: metabolic and biochemical responses following lung exposure; immunotoxicology of inhalants and methods of evaluation; pulmonary responses to inhaled irritants and the morphological evaluation of those responses; the use of swine as an animal model in inhalation toxicology; regulatory requirements for inhalation toxicity testing; good laboratory practices.
Marcel Dekker Journals Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA, 1987. 480p. Illus. Bibl.

1985

CIS 90-1161 Albert L.A.
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobra Recursos Bióticos; Centro Panamericano de Ecología Humana y Salud (PAHO, WHO)
Elementary environmental toxicology course
Curso básico de toxicología ambiental [in Spanish]
University-level textbook covering: contamination and ecosystems; environmental and xenobiological substances; environmental carcinogenesis; primary and secondary atmospheric contaminants; physical contaminants (noise, heat, ionising radiation); inorganic chemical contaminants (metals in general, lead, mercury and methylmercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, beryllium, selenium, nitrates and nitrites); organic contaminants (hydrocarbons in general, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, herbicides).
ECO, Apartado Postal 37-473, 06696, México, D.F., Mexico, 1985. 371p. Illus. Bibl. ref.

CIS 89-596 Williams P.L., Burson J.L.
Industrial toxicology: Safety and health applications in the workplace
This textbook is intended to provide practical assistance for health professionals. It covers: conceptual aspects (general principles, absorption, distribution and elimination of toxic agents, haematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, dermatotoxicity, pulmonotoxicity); specific areas of concern (metals, pesticides, organic solvents, occupational epidemiology, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicology); workplace applications (risk assessment, methods for evaluating chemical exposures, case studies, exposure control).
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd., Promotion Department, Molly Millars Lane, Wokingham RG11 2PY, United Kingdom, 1985. 502p. Illus. Bibl. Price: GBP 43.45.

CIS 88-904 Cáceres Hernández J.M.
Contamination due to polychlorinated biphenyls - Their toxicology - Preventive measures
Contaminación por policlorodifenilos - Toxicología de los mismos - Medidas preventivas/Contaminación por policlorodifenilos - Toxicología de los mismos - Medidas preventivas [in Spanish]
Contents of this review article on the health hazards associated with the use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): chemical properties; the preparation of PCBs; industrial uses of PCBs; toxicology (description of the "Kanemi Yusho" disease in Japan in 1968, exposure limits); analysis of residues; evaluation of the contamination of the environment due to the use of PCBs; preventive measures adopted in order to avoid the dispersion of PCBs in the environment (USA, Japan, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, France, OECD and EEC).
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Apr.-June 1985, Vol.32, No.127, p.19-24. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 88-262 Turoski V.
Formaldehyde - Analytical chemistry and toxicology
This book contains 24 separately authored articles, 13 on aspects of the analytical chemistry of formaldehyde, 7 on its toxicology and 4 on risk assessment. The toxicology papers do not support the assertion that formaldehyde at the levels to which embalmers, anatomists and manufacturing workers are exposed is a human carcinogen.
American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Division, 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA, Sep. 1985. 394p. Illus. Bibl. Index. Price: USD 89.95 (US and Canada), USD 107.95 (elsewhere).

CIS 86-1571 Lu F.C.
Basic toxicology
Textbook for students of toxicology and allied sciences. Chapters cover: general considerations; absorption, distribution and excretion of toxicants; biotransformation of toxicants; toxic effects; modifying factors of toxic effects; acquisition of data; toxicologic evaluation; acute, short-term and long-term toxicity studies; carcinogenesis; mutagenesis; teratogenesis; the respiratory system and inhalation toxicology; toxicology of the liver, kidney, skin, eye, nervous system, heart and immune system.
Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1010 Vermont Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005, USA, 1985. 276p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 86-723 Gonzalez Ferradas E.
Toxicology of formaldehyde: current criteria
Toxicologia del formaldehido: Criterios actuales [in Spanish]
Review of the literature and status of research on the toxicity of formaldehyde.
Salud y trabajo, Sep.-Oct. 1985, No.51, p.11-18. Illus. Bibl. 37 ref.

CIS 85-1916 Cralley L.J., Cralley L.V.
Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol.IIIB - Theory and rationale of industrial hygiene practice: Biological responses
Aspects covered in this new volume of Patty's reference manual on occupational safety and health and toxicology: rationale; toxicologic data in chemical safety evaluation; biological indicators of chemical dosage and burden; body defense mechanisms to toxicant exposure; biological rhythms, shiftwork and occupational health; work cost and work measurements; interpreting exposure levels to chemical agents; applied ergonomics; abnormal pressure; biological agents; hot and cold environments; ionising radiation; noise; non-ionising electromagnetic energies; vibrations.
John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffin Lane, Chichester, West Sussex, PO22 9SA, United Kingdom, 1985. 2nd ed. 753p. Illus. Bibl. Price: US$92.00.

CIS 85-2097 Cralley L.J., Cralley L.V.
Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. Vol. 3A: theory and rationale of industrial hygiene practice - The work environment
Contents of this reference book for occupational health professionals: rationale; health promotion in the workplace; occupational health nursing; detecting disease produced by occupational exposure; health surveillance programmes in industry; exposure limits, pharmacokinetics and unusual work schedules; data automation; statistical design and data analysis requirements; analytical measurements; the emission inventory; measurement of worker exposure; philosphy and management of engineering controls; personal protective equipment; legislation; compliance with regulations and projection.
John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester West, Sussex PO22 9SA, United Kingdom, 1985, 2nd ed., 822p. Bibl. Price: £97.20.

CIS 85-1358 The toxicology of glycol ethers and its relevance to man: An up-dating of ECETOC Technical Report No.4
This report is an update of ECETOC Technical Report No.4 (see CIS 84-1084). Contents: haematological and testicular effects; teratological, embryotoxic and foetotoxic effects; neurologic and behavioural effects; genetic toxicity; carcinogenicity; skin absorption; metabolism; human exposure (exposure limits, environmental control, testing of effects on man); discussion; general conclusions. This update covers more of the glycol ethers than does Report No.4. It also includes their acetates.
European Chemical Industry, Ecology and Toxicology Centre, Avenue Louise 250, Box 63, 6050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 19 Apr. 1985. 68p. Bibl.

CIS 85-744 Vallaud A.
Recent additions to our knowledge of the toxicology and rational use of trichloroethylene
Acquisitions récentes en matière de toxicologie et d'utilisation rationnelle du trichloréthylène [in French]
Update of the knowledge regarding the toxicity and optimal use of trichloroethylene. Physical and chemical properties, main procedures of manufacture, circumstances leading to temporary or long-term hazards of exposure; the toxicology of trichloroethylene, diseases caused by it and their treatment; critical review of detection and determination methods (in air and in body fluids); medical prevention and techniques of protection.
Sécurité - sciences et techniques, Jan. 1985, No.40, p.40-47. Illus. 15 ref.

1984

CIS 87-151 Training Programme on Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology: course material
Course material for a 5-day course on occupational hygiene and toxicology offered in Tiruchirapalli (India), 10-14 September 1984. Contents: the concepts and practice of occupational health; occupational hygiene and toxicology; personal protective equipment; industrial hygiene equipment; biological effects of non-ionising radiation on the eye; biological monitoring; gravimetric dust sampling; air contaminants; ergonomics and physiological aspects of heat stress; noise assessment and abatement; welding and health; analysis of welding fumes; noise-induced hearing loss; behavioural toxicology; occupational dermatosis; pneumoconiosis; health education.
Model Centre for Occupational Health Services, Tiruchirapalli 620 014, India, 1984. 150p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 86-1198 Proceedings of the fourth Finnish-Soviet joint symposium on industrial hygiene, toxicology, work physiology and psychology
Papers presented at the title symposium (Helsinki, Finland, 6-8 June 1983). Topics: hygienic rating of chemical compounds in combination with other chemicals and other factors; chemical factors in plastics processing; combined effect of carbon disulfide, noise, alcohol and stress; neurotoxicity of certain pyrolysis and pyrosynthetic products; mutagenicity and gonadotropic action of styrene; cellular glutathione metabolism and thermal degradation products of plastics; metallic aerosols; work organisation, production technology and mental strain in the printing industry; psychological and social aspects of shift work; behavioural effects of solvents on animals; measurement, effects and control of noise and vibration; occupational photosensitisation; protective gloves; pesticide exposure in forestry; monotonous work; workload and physical fitness.
Institute of Occupational Health, Haartmaninkatu 1, 00290 Helsinki 29, Finland, 1984. 256p. Illus. 188 ref.

CIS 86-460 Saharova L.N., Katkova S.E., Novikov P.G.
Toxicology and clinical aspects of cyclohexanone
Nekotorye voprosy toksikologii i kliniki ciklogeksanona [in Russian]
The synthesis of cyclohexanone is accompanied by the formation of by-products - an alcohol fraction (hazard class III according to USSR State Standard GOST 12.1.007-76) and X oil (class IV). Among chemicals (unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) emitted during the manufacture and use of cyclohexanone, cyclohexene is the most toxic substance. It is a volatile substance with strong toxic and narcotic effects, and causes vascular disorders. The approved tentative safe exposure level for cyclohexene is 16mg/m³. Some preventive measures including sealing of equipment and monitoring of all chemicals are recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Nov. 1984, No.11, p.47-50. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 86-118 Embree V., Enarson D.A., Chan-Yeung M., DyBuncio A., Dennis R., Leach J.
Occupational exposure to chlorophenates: Toxicology and respiratory effects
71 chlorophenate-exposed sawmill workers were identified as part of a group undergoing an extensive health and environmental evaluation in a pulp mill. This group was compared with a group (351) with no physical proximity to the area in which chlorophenates were used. A gradient of exposure was demonstrated from 230ppb in urine and 919ppb in serum for those directly handling the contaminated wood, to 139ppb in urine and 354ppb in serum for those working in the area but not in manual contact as compared with serum levels of 84ppb in the unexposed group. It was noted that the bulk chemical was primarily in the tetrachloro-form but the serum levels contained more pentachlorophenate. The urine proportions were intermediate, approximating the bulk chemical proportions at the lower levels of exposure. No excess prevalence of respiratory symptoms or spirometric abnormalities was found which could be explained by the chlorophenate exposure.
Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology, Oct. 1984, Vol.22, No.4, p.317-329. 14 ref.

CIS 86-178 Elstner P., Lüderitz P.
Glossary of preventive toxicology
Wörterbuch der präventiven Toxikologie [in German]
Glossarij profilaktičeskoj Toksikologii [in Russian]
The glossary is primarily concerned with terminology used in preventive toxicology but also includes some terms used in the toxicology literature of related disciplines. It includes terms and definitions in English, Russian and German. The arrangement is alphabetic according to the English term, except that subentries are listed under the respective main entries.
Verlag Tribüne, Am Treptower Park 28-30, DDR-1193 Berlin, 1984. 110p.

CIS 85-1480 Delvové N.
Ergonomics and toxicology
Ergonomie et toxicologie [in French]
This review addresses the question: how and to what extent has toxicology become involved with ergonomics? It is hard to find explicit bibliographic citations; however, it is possible to find examples illustrating the importance of the problem and enabling all the relevant elements to be taken into consideration in ergonomic analyses of work.
Travail humain, 1984, Vol.47, No.3, p.227-235. 30 ref.

CIS 85-1402 Kagan Ju.S., Pan'šina T.N., Vojtenko G.A., Sasinovič L.M., Rodionov G.A., Voronina V.M., Kokšareva N.V., Šuljak V.G., Deši I., Karmoš-Varsegi M., Štromajer A.
Toxicology of the pesticide Hostaquick and establishment of a safe exposure level
Toksikologija pesticida hostakvika i ustanovlenie bezopasnyh urovnej ego vozdejstvija [in Russian]
In a battery of toxicological tests with rats, mice and guinea pigs, the systemic insecticide Hostaquick was found to be highly toxic and mildly cumulative. Its basic mechanism of action is inhibition of cholinesterases in the blood, and other tissues. Changes in the functional states of the central nervous system, liver and peripheral blood are sensitive indicators of Hostaquick intoxication. The anticholinesterase activity of the compound is more marked on continuous administration via the respiratory tract than on periodic administration, although the latter protocol produces a greater sensitising effect. Extrapolation of the data to man gives a daily exposure limit of 0.003mg/kg and a recommended MAC under agricultural conditions of 0.5mg/m³.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Apr. 1984, No.4, p.18-22. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 85-1299 Gosselin R.E., Smith R.P., Hodge H.C., Braddock J.E.
Clinical toxicology of commercial products
This book is designed to assist physicians in dealing quickly and effectivley with acute chemical and/or biological poisoning arising through misuse of commercial, industrial and some biological products (e.g. wild mushrooms). The manual is divided into 7 colour-coded sections: first aid and general emergency treatment; ingredients index, containing an alphabetical list of chemical substances together with their CAS numbers, with toxicity information and rating given for 1,646 selected chemicals; therapeutics index with detailed clinical and experimental data on 85 compounds named "reference congeners", with emphasis on toxic signs and symptoms, and on recommended therapy programmes; supportive treatment; trade name index listing over 15,000 products, with ingredients in most cases and the name of the manufacturer (with emergency phone number when available); general formulations (formulas for the diverse types of products listed in the trade name index); manufacturers' index.
Williams and Wilkins Co., 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore MD 21202, USA, 5th edition, 1984. 2009p. Illus. Bibl. Price: US$114.00.

CIS 85-1064 Haseman J.K., Crawford D.D., Huff J.E., Boorman G.A., McConnell E.E.
Results from 86 two-year carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program
Of these studies on rats and mice 50% were regarded as showing carcinogenic effects, 42% gave no evidence of carcinogenicity and 8% gave unclear results. The liver was the most frequent site of cancer in male and female rats and mice. Each chemical tested is listed with information on the animal strain, route and exposure dose, site and type of tumour, and positivity or negativity of the tests.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 1984, Vol.14, No.5-6, p.621-639. 15 ref.

CIS 85-743 Ekberg K., Hane M.
Proceedings of the Nordic conference of clinical behavioural toxicology
The 10 papers presented at this conference on sensitivity and specificity of instruments used in behavioural toxicology and the need for development in clinical practice and research (1-4 June 1982, Örebro, Sweden) are reproduced under the 4 section headings: current research in behavioural toxicology; methods used in clinical behavioural toxicology; other methods for neuropsychological assessments; need for the development of methods and research strategies.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1984, Vol.10, Suppl.1, 45p. Illus. 108 ref.

CIS 85-487 Hathway D.E.
Molecular aspects of toxicology
This textbook is divided into 7 parts which cover: toxicity of foreign compounds (assessment of toxic risk, structure-activity considerations, measurement of carcinogenic exposure); relation between dose and effect and time (biological action, extension of simple theory to toxicology); metabolism (industrial chemicals and pesticides, genetic considerations); pharmacogenetics (species differences in metabolism and toxicity); biochemical lesions (mode of action studies); chemical carcinogenesis (importance of chemical non-enzymic reactions in vivo, possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their biological significance, host factors and cellular aspects, immunobiological effects).
The Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, London W1V 0BN, United Kingdom, 1984. 304p. Illus. Bibl. Price: £27.50.

CIS 85-434 A review of recent literature on the toxicology of benzene
Review and assessment of publications issued after the reports of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom, 1982) and the Conseil Européen des Fédérations de l'Industrie Chimique (CEFIC, 1983) on the toxicology of benzene. Aspects covered: I. short- and long-term toxicity of benzene on animals (carcinogen in rats and mice under the conditions of the experiment); II. mutagenicity and clastogenicity (induction of chromosomal damage confirms that benzene is clastogenic and suggests that part of its activity may be due to its metabolites; no relationship between the types of chromosome damage observed and effects of exposure to benzene on human health can be established at present); III. epidemiological studies (exposure to high concentrations is associated with haematotoxicity and acute myelocytic leukaemia in humans, the question of whether benzene can cause an increased incidence of other forms of lymphopoietic or haematopoietic cancers remains unresolved).
European Chemical Industry, Ecology and Toxicology Centre, Avenue Louise 250, Boîte 63, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, 12 Dec. 1984. 44p 87 ref.

CIS 85-393 Bernstein R.S., Stayner L.T., Elliot L.J., Kimbrough R., Falk H., Blade L.
Inhalation exposure to formaldehyde: an overview of its toxicology, epidemiology, monitoring and control
Epidemiologic studies on the evaluation of health effects from exposure to formaldehyde are reviewed and methods for monitoring formaldehyde are discussed in detail. Current guidelines for the evaluation and control of formaldehyde gas are suggested.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1984, Vol.45, No.11, p.778-785. 71 ref.

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