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Respiratory protection - 688 entries found

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  • Respiratory protection

1987

CIS 89-612 Howie R.M., Coleman G.C., Graveling R.A., Graves R.G., Nicholl A.G.M., Groat S., Wildblood R., Crawford N.P., Dodgson J.
Development of a powered helmet respirator suitable for use in coalmines
Contents of this report: work programme; ergonomic assessment of the AHG powered helmet respirator (PHR); development of a prototype PHR; development of fan/filter systems, headshells, visor assemblies; specification of the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) prototype PHR; ergonomic assessment of the final IOM prototype PHR; mobility, communication, physiological and wearer acceptance trials.
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Roxburgh Place, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, United Kingdom, 1987. 104p. Illus. 19 ref. Appendices. Price: GBP 10.00.

CIS 88-1984 Takiguchi I., Numao A., Takagi H.
Experimental study on the breathing resistance of oxygen-generating self rescuers
Sanso hasseishiki jiko meiki no kokyū teikō ni kansuru jikkenteki kenkyū [in Japanese]
Breathing resistance is one of the most important performance factors of oxygen-generating self rescuers. A high breathing resistance makes the wearer uncomfortable. It has not been clarified what factors should be improved to decrease breathing resistance, so that an operating pressure test for the auto-relief valve and a lung simulator test were carried out. The breathing resistance proved to be affected by the operating pressure of the auto-relief valve and its responsiveness to variable flow, and by the performance of the breathing bag. The effect of the performance of the breathing bag, which depends on the material and the structure, is especially marked. To decrease the breathing resistance, the breathing bag should maintain a high responsiveness to breathing, and the auto-relief valve should be able to operate at a constant pressure independently of the flow rate.
Mining and Safety, Nov. 1987, Vol.33, No.11, p.1-9. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 88-1983 Perkins J.L.
Chemical protective clothing: I. Selection and use
The clothing types, permeation theory, and selection of protective clothing based upon permeation data are described. Other factors in the selection process, such as size, dexterity, cut resistance, tear resistance, cost, and heat stress, are discussed. Temperature, thickness, and mixture considerations and their effect on the permeation process are also discussed. Recommendations are made regarding selection and use criteria.
Applied Industrial Hygiene, Nov. 1987, Vol.2, No.6, p.222-230. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 88-1632 Dust masks - Results of the 6th round of tests - Physical and physiological characteristics
Masques antipoussičres - Résultats de la 6čme campagne d'essais - Caractéristiques physiques et physiologiques [in French]
Physical tests concerned the permeability of the masks to sodium chloride aerosol (salt), friction losses at continuous air speeds of 30-95L/min and filter clogging rates. Physiological tests concerned the reduction of the visual field, the increase in the effective dead space, the increased need for respiratory effort and total leakage rates. Tables present for each test the corresponding French standardised values, to which masks and filtering facepieces must conform.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30, rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1987. 27p. Illus.

CIS 88-1516 Holt G.L.
Employee facial hair versus employer respirator policies
Employer enforcement of no-beard policies for employees who wear or may wear respirators often leads to conflict between employer and employee. Some recent court and arbitration cases are examined and suggestions are provided for improving the ability to defend the no-beard policy for respirator users.
Applied Industrial Hygiene, Sep. 1987, Vol.2, No.5, p.200-203. 23 ref.

CIS 88-1672 Martin N.A., Popplow J.R.
Scott Emergency Escape Breathing Device evaluation for use by aircraft cabin crew and passengers
This emergency breathing device proved to be effective in providing noncockpit aircraft crew with smoke protection, adequate vision and hypoxia prevention for at least 15min in the event of a fire, smoke or decompression emergencies at altitudes up to 7000m, following a brief exposure to 9753m.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 1987, Vol.58, No.8, p.747-753. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 88-1648 Bollinger N.J., Schutz R.H.
NIOSH guide to industrial respiratory protection
This report (see also CIS 77-1115) is intended to provide respirator users with a single source of information. Covered are: types of respirators (inlet coverings, air purifying, atmosphere supplying); selection (regulatory requirements, general selection information, NIOSH respirator decision logic, NIOSH certified equipment list); use (regulatory requirements, respiratory protection programme, programme elements); use under special conditions (facial hair, eye glasses, contact lenses, facial deformities, communication, dangerous atmospheres, at low and high temperatures, physiological response); new developments at NIOSH; sample respirator programme and evaluation checklist; fit testing; user notices; approval labels; and breathing air systems for use with pressure-demand supplied air respirators in asbestos abatement.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, Sep. 1987. 296p. Illus.

CIS 88-1300 NIOSH respirator decision logic
Covered in this manual are: background and scope; respirator decision logic (criteria for selecting respirators, restrictions and requirements, decision logic sequence); references; glossary; NIOSH policy statement on approval of air-purifying respirators with end-of-service-life indicators; NIOSH policy statement on use of single-use and dust and mist respirators for protection against asbestos; odour warning (background information); protection factor (background information); medical aspects of wearing respirators (background information).
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, May 1987. 55p. 65 ref.

CIS 88-1270 Furs S., Bajer B.
Method for determining the filtration coefficient of dust respirators using sodium chloride aerosol
Metoda wyznaczania wskaźnika filtracji przeciwpyłowego sprzętu ochrony dróg oddechowych przy użyciu chlorku sodu [in Polish]
Method developed by the Central Institute of Labour Protection. Sodium chloride solution is spray-dried to give an aerosol with a number-average mean particle diameter of 0.04µm and a weight-average mean diameter of 0.11µm. Particle diameters follow a normal logarithmic distribution. Aerosol-laden air is drawn through the respirator to be tested, and residual sodium chloride in the downstream air is measured by flame photometry. Filtration coefficients in the range 0.001-100% can be determined.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1987, Vol.37, No.132, p.3-13. 16 ref.

CIS 88-1269 Mickelsen R.L., Hall R.C.
A breakthrough time comparison of nitrile and neoprene glove materials produced by different glove manufacturers
Nitrile and neoprene gloves were each tested against three chemicals. Breakthrough time data for each material/chemical combination were analysed using an analysis of covariance to adjust for differences in the measured specimen thickness while testing for product differences. A significant difference in chemical breakthrough times was found among generically similar products produced by different manufacturers. The largest difference between the mean breakthrough time of two generically equivalent products, 30 vs. 300min, was obtained for perchloroethylene through nitrile products. Breakthrough time data for use in selection of chemical protective clothing or in prediction modelling for chemical protective clothing should be manufacturer and product specific.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Nov. 1987, Vol.48, No.11, p.941-947. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 88-1268 Hinds W.C., Kraske G.
Performance of dust respirators with facial seal leaks: I. Experimental II. Predictive model
Half-mask respirators were mounted on a manikin in a test chamber and operated at seven steady flow rates of 2 to 150L/min. Samples of polydisperse and monodisperse aerosols were taken from inside and outside the respirator and analysed by a calibrated optical particle counter over the particle-size range 0.1 to 11.3µm. Aerosol penetration depended on particle size and less strongly on pressure drop for leaks. Experimental data given in Part I were used to develop a model that allows prediction of the overall respirator penetration as a function of particle size for any work rate, of overall total mass penetration for any work rate and of exposure aerosol-size distribution for a known respirator filter and facial seal leak condition.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1987, Vol.48, No.10, p.836-841. Illus. 33 ref.

CIS 88-1266 Nielsen R., Gwosdow A.R., Berglund L.G., DuBois A.B.
The effect of temperature and humidity levels in a protective mask on user acceptability during exercise
Subjective and physiological responses were obtained from 6 subjects wearing a ventilated face mask while exercising for 15min on a bicycle ergometer. Different combinations of ambient air temperatures (7°, 16°, 25°C) and mask air temperatures (22°, 27°, 33°C) were studied together with two different air humidities inside the mask (61% and 86% RH). Control experiments were performed without the mask. Skin temperatures, heart rates and skin wettedness were monitored during exercise. The subjects' acceptance of the mask and of the thermal environment, thermal sensation, sensations of discomfort, sweating and skin wettedness, and their judgment of the effort involved in breathing were assessed at the end of the 15min exercise period. At ambient temperatures of 7°C and 25°C, the acceptance of the thermal work conditions decreased. In a warm environment a mask air temperature ≤27°C was 100% acceptable and increased the acceptance of the thermal environment. In a cool environment, a mask air temperature ≥27°C was 100% acceptable. Warm humid air significantly decreased acceptance of the mask conditions.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1987, Vol.48, No.7, p.639-645. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 88-1235 Gunderson E.C., Anderson C.C.
Collection device for separating airborne vapor and particulates
This two-stage personal sampler relies on the differential diffusion rate of vapour and particles in air. Vapours are removed in the first stage, which is a hollow tube with inside walls coated with a trapping medium; particulates are trapped after they pass through the tube. By appropriate choice of sampling flow rate, tube diameter and tube length, airborne material can be separated into vapour and aerosol fractions. This sampler is practical for monitoring worker exposure and for inhalation studies where it is desirable to monitor the mode of exposure as well as the concentration. A sampler was developed and tested specifically for aromatic amines.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1987, Vol.48, No.7, p.634-638. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 88-919 Man V.L., Bastecki V., Vandal G., Bentz A.P.
Permeation of protective clothing materials: Comparison of liquid contact, liquid splashes and vapors on breakthrough times
The US standard test method for permeability (ASTM F739-81) involves 3h continuous contact between liquid and material. This may not truly reflect real-world conditions. A simply-modified standard test procedure was evaluated by using 2 suit materials and several common organic liquids. The splash test is an effective method; the wettability of the material is a significant factor.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1987, Vol.48, No.6, p.551-555. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 88-918 Ackley M.W.
Chemical cartridge respirator performance: 1,3-butadiene
1,3-Butadiene recently has been classified as a potential occupational carcinogen. The performance of Scott organic vapour (642-OV), organic vapour/acid gas (642-OA) and acid gas (642-AG) twin cartridges was determined for 1,3 butadiene. A cartridge test system was developed to generate challenge concentrations of 100ppm and 1000ppm; an infrared analyser was used to measure breakthrough at 10ppm. The twin cartridges tested demonstrated reasonable adsorption capacity for 1,3 butadiene. Cartridge service life was inversely proportional to airflow rate; it was reduced at elevated temperature and humidity conditions. Breakthrough times were approximately three times longer at 100ppm than at 1000ppm. When clean air was drawn through cartridges saturated with 1000ppm 1,3 butadiene, desorption occurred readily. The rate of desorption and the peak concentration were dependent upon the temperature, humidity and degree of saturation.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May 1987, Vol.48, No.5, p.447-453. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 88-548 Huré P.H.
Gas-removing filter cartidges - Results of a first round of tests by the INRS of gas-removing respirator filter cartridges
Les filtres anti-gaz. Résultats de la premičre campagne d'essais de l'INRS sur les filtres anti-gaz de protection respiratoire [in French]
Results of tests of the capacity of gas-removing respirator cartidges (type A, class I) defined by French standard NF S 76 021. Brief description of the test bench and of the carrying out of the tests with carbon tetrachloride. A comparatie table gives the maximum breathing resistance (in millibars) for a flow rate of 30L/min and the breakthrough time for carbon tetrachloride (in minutes). Commentary.
Travail et sécurité, Mar. 1987, No.3, p.232-234. Illus.

CIS 88-250 Harangi S.
New concepts, requirements and testing methods in individual respiratory protection
Új fogalmak, követelmények és vizsgálati módszerek az egyéni légzésvédelemben [in Hungarian]
Commentary on the new Hungarian standard (MSZ 15 490) dealing with respiratory protection: definitions (oxygen-poor atmosphere, polluted atmosphere, IDLH atmosphere, protection time, protection factor); classification of filter-type equipment; general requirements for respiratory protective equipment.
Munkavédelem, munka- és üzemegészségügy, 1987, Vol.33, No.4-6, p.56-61. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 87-1430 Guidelines for the development of a code of practice for respiratory protective equipment
These guidelines discuss key elements needed in a code: company health and safety policy; person responsible for the equipment; determination of the need for the equipment; selection of the equipment; cleaning and maintenance; use of the equipment; reference to the OSH Act and its regulations; other information. An example of an optional respiratory protective equipment data sheet is presented.
Alberta Community and Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Division, 10709 Jasper Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3N3, Canada, 1987. 5p.

CIS 87-1362 Yelland D.R.
Advances in compressed air line respiratory protective equipment
Criteria for the selection in the United Kingdom of compressed air line respiratory protective equipment for work in contaminated or oxygen-deficient atmospheres. A new generation of such devices is emerging, offering high levels of comfort, protection, ease of maintenance and low operational costs.
Safety Practitioner, Jan. 1987, Vol.5, No.1, p.8-12. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 87-1360 Berardinelli S.P., Moyer E.S.
Methyl isocyanate liquid and vapor permeation through selected respirator diaphragms and chemical protective clothing
Twenty-two chemical protective clothing materials were tested against liquid methyl isocyanate (MIC); only a non-woven Nomex on Teflon can be considered as a candidate material. Viton, polyvinyl chloride and butyl clothing can be considered candidate materials against approximately 800ppm MIC vapour. Four self-contained breathing apparatus diaphragms were tested and all experienced rapid breakthrough when exposed to liquid MIC. Next, 3 SCBA diaphragms were exposed to approximately 800ppm MIC vapour. The SCBA should be worn inside a total encapsulating suit.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1987, Vol.48, No.4, p.324-329. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 87-1359 Moyer E.S., Berardinelli S.P.
Penetration of methyl isocyanate through organic vapor and acid gas respirator cartridges
This study evaluated the 2 types of respirator cartridges in order to recommend equipment for emergency protection. Penetration tests were conducted at 3 or 4 methyl isocyanate (MIC) challenge concentrations and at 3 different humidity conditions. In general, breakthrough times (1% of challenge concentration) were very short (< 20min). Also, high relative humidity decreased the breakthrough time of MIC. No air purifying respirator was recommended because of the high toxicity and lack of warning properties of MIC.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1987, Vol.48, No.4, p.315-323. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 87-1503 White M.K., Kodous T.K.
Reduced work tolerance associated with wearing protective clothing and respirators
Nine healthy men experienced with the use of respirators performed a randomised series of 8 experimental tests. Work was performed on a treadmill at 30% (low work intensity) or 60% (high work intensity) of maximum work capacity for each individual. Four protective clothing ensembles were examined: light work clothing (LIGHT), light work clothing with SCBA (SCBA), firefighter's turnout gear with SCBA (FF) and chemical protective clothing with SCBA (CHEM). Physiological measurements included heart rate, skin and rectal temperature, and minute ventilation. Tidal volume and minute ventilation increases with exercise were greatest with FF, followed in order by the CHEM, SCBA and LIGHT ensembles. Wearing protective clothing and respirators causes significant stress to the cardio-respiratory and thermoregulatory systems, even at low work intensities in a neutral environment. The most stressful responses were observed in subjects wearing the firefighter's turnout gear (the heaviest ensemble). Weight of the ensembles alone, however, did not account for all of the observed differences.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1987, Vol.48, No.4, p.304-310. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 87-1001 Simon C.G., Fisher R.P., Davison J.D.
Evaluation of respirator cartridges for effectiveness of chlorine dioxide removal
Respirator cartridges, 117 total of 14 different types, were evaluated in an outdoor environment at the chlorine dioxide (C102) generation facility of a large pulp manufacturing company. Under the testing conditions described, all the cartridges removed C102 effectively for more than 35 min.; the efficiency was acid gas > acid gas/organic vapour > organic vapour. Humidity equilibration did not have a significant effect on average cartridge capacity.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1987, Vol.48, No.1, p.1-8. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 87-1027 Respiratory protective equipment
Contents of this data sheet: general requirements: selection of equipment; air purifying respirators; supplied air respirators and suits; self-contained apparatus; maintenance of respirators and related devices.
National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 1987. 9p. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 87-984 Wolf D., Blume G., Jacobs F., Schiffner H.M.
Efficiency of type A respirator filters against gases and vapours of low-boiling organic solvents
Efficacité des filtres antigaz de type A contre les gaz et vapeurs de composés organiques ŕ bas point d'ébullition [in French]
Translation of an article published in "Staub, Reinhaltung der Luft" (April 1986, Vol.46, No.4, p.201-205). Type A respirator filters are commonly used at the workplace for protection against organic gases and vapours. In general, the higher the boiling point of the compound adsorbed, the better the filter efficiency. However, in the presence of several compounds with boiling points < 65°C, the adsorption capacity of the activated charcoal diminishes. For protection against this type of product, it is therefore recommended to use the higher-efficiency Type X filters.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygične du travail, 1st Quarter 1987, No.126, Note No.1620-126-87, p.119-124. 5 ref.

1986

CIS 95-491
Health and Safety Executive
Training in the use of RPE: Asbestos manufacturing industry (3860); Asbestos insulation removal (3861); Against asbestos in construction, demolition and ships (3862)
Modular videotape series on the proper use of respiratory protective equipment when working with asbestos in various industrial settings.
CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1986. 3 videotapes. Length: 78+40+68min. Price (per videotape): GBP 32.98 (hire), GBP 90.00 (sale). ###

CIS 90-2011 European Standard - Respiratory protective equipment: List of equivalent terms
Norme européenne - Appareils de protection respiratoire: Liste de termes équivalents [in French]
The equivalent terms and expressions of respiratory protective devices are given in 3 languages. The three volumes provide the terms according to English, French and German alphabetic order, respectively.
European Committee for Standardization, rue Bréderode 2, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, Oct. 1986. 3 Vols. (22p., 21p., 15p.)

CIS 90-1764
Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social
Respiratory protective equipment: filtering facepieces [Spain]
Equipos de protección personal de vías respiratorias: Mascarillas autofiltrantes [in Spanish]
Technical standard on filtering facepieces, brought into legal force by a Resolution of the Dirección General de Trabajo on 28 July 1975. Contents: definitions; characteristics of and requirements for filtering facepieces; testing. In the appendix: ministerial Order dated 17 May 1974 on the type testing of personal protective equipment.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiena en el Trabajo, Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1986. 27p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 90-1763
Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social
Respiratory protective equipment: mechanical filters [Spain]
Equipos de protección personal de vías respiratorias: Filtros mecánicos [in Spanish]
Technical standard on mechanical filters used in respirators, brought into legal force by a Resolution of the Dirección General de Trabajo on 28 July 1975. Contents: definitions; classification; characteristics of and requirements for mechanical filters; testing. In the appendix: ministerial Order dated 17 May 1974 on the type testing of personal protective equipment.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1986. 27p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 90-1762
Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social
Respiratory protective equipment: general standards and facepieces [Spain]
Equipos de protección personal de vías respiratorias: Normas comunes y adaptadores faciales [in Spanish]
General technical standard on respiratory protective equipment and technical standard on respirator facepieces, brought into legal force by a Resolution of the Dirección General de Trabajo on 28 July 1975. Contents: definitions; classification of respirators; characteristics of and requirements for full-mask and half-mask facepieces and for mouthpieces; testing requirements. In the appendix: ministerial Order dated 17 May 1974 on the type testing of personal protective equipment.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1986. 39p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 89-1416
VEB Kombinat Medizin- und Labortechnik
Occupational safety and health. Respirators. General provisions [German Democratic Republic]
Gesundheits- und Arbeitsschutz. Atemschutzmittel. Allgemeine Festlegungen [in German]
The standard, effective 1 May 1988, contains a classification of respirators, relevant terms and definitions and general requirements.
Verlag für Standardisierung und Standardversand, Postfach 1068, 7010 Leipzig, German Democratic Republic, Dec. 1986. 4p. Illus.

CIS 89-947 Certified equipment list as of October 1, 1986
This catalogue lists certified coal mine dust personal sampler units and different types of respirators, updates the lists of approval applicants, and lists some of the more common cautions and limitations for specific respirator classes.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Information Systems Section, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati OH 45226, USA, 1986. 417p.

CIS 88-538 Kuz'minyh A.I., Rozenberg E.E., Lobarev N.V., Gal'perin G.B., Ščerbakov S.V., Konovalova N.E.
Newly-developed sorbent for the removal of hydrogen fluoride from air
Novyj sorbirujuščij material dlja otbora iz vozduha floristogo vodoroda [in Russian]
Description of a newly-developed sorbent for hydrogen fluoride (HF) used for the manufacture of the respirator "Lepestok V". It is highly effective due to its considerable sorption capacity (no less than 100mg HF per 1g sodium carbonate) and the high surface density of sodium carbonate (8-10mg/cm2). The sorbent has high retentivity for HF and could be used with success for sampling. Trace amounts of HF could be concentrated quickly from large volumes of air. Other advantages of these materials include ease of using and storing the sorbent filters and the possibility of using them at extreme temperatures (from -30° to +60°C). Filters of this type could be used for sampling acid gases and vapours.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Aug. 1986, No.8, p.58-59. Illus. 6 réf.

CIS 88-523 Aurich G.
Testing the tightness of respirators
Dichtheitsprüfung von Atemschutzgeräten [in German]
To enhance the safety of the respirator wearer it is necessary to check not only the tightness of the breathing protection apparatus itself, but also the leakproofness of the connection in wearing tests. A survey of possible qualitative and quantitative tests to check the fit of the connection is given. Respirators are to be regarded as sufficiently leakproof when, after generating a defined overpressure or underpressure in the apparatus, the change of the pressure during a defined period of time does not exceed a preset value. The fundamentals of this leak test method are stated in detail and interpreted.
Atemschutzinformationen, 1986, Vol.25, p.2-4. 5 ref.

CIS 88-287 Sköldström B.
Work in heat while wearing protective equipment. Physiological reactions to smoke by fire fighters
Arbete i värme med skyddsutrustning - Fysiologiska reaktioner hos rökdykare [in Swedish]
The physical work performance of 8 fire fighters wearing fire brigade uniforms and carrying breathing apparatus was assessed. They were tested in a climate chamber at 15°C and 45°C. The test was performed with and without the equipment on a treadmill at 3.5km/h. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, skin and deep body temperature were measured. The subjects estimated perceived physical exertion and perceived temperature. Carrying fire fighting equipment increased oxygen uptake by 0.4L/min. Heart rate at the end of the experiments reached near-maximum levels at 45°C with equipment, and deep body temperature increased to an average of 38.7°C. The subjects' ratings of perceived exertion were highly correlated to heart rate. The loading induced by heat and protective equipment reduced the ability to perform strenous work. The combination of thick clothing and heavy breathing apparatus had a significant limiting effect on the endurance of fire fighters.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1986. 18p. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 87-1429 Respiratory protective equipment: An employer's guide
This booklet highlights important considerations for providing effective protection against air pollution by dust or vapours. Considered: applicable standards; selection of respiratory protective equipment; choosing an appropriate type and specific model; use of respirators; conditions at the worksite and characteristics of the equipment; information sources; calculation of the degree of protection provided by the equipment.
Occupational Health and Safety Division, Workers' Health, Safety and Compensation, 10709 Jasper Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5J 3N3, Canada, Feb. 1986. 12p. Appendix.

CIS 87-986 Wolf D., Blume G., Jacobs F., Schiffner H.M.
Efficiency of type A respirator filters against gases and vapours of low-boiling organic solvents
Die Leistung von Atemfiltern des Typs A gegenüber Gasen und Dämpfen niedrigsiedender organischer Lösemittel [in German]
Type A respirator filters are commonly used at the workplace for protection against organic gases and vapours. In general, the higher the boiling point of the compound adsorbed, the better the filter efficiency. However, in the presence of several compounds with boiling points <65°C, the adsorption capacity of the activated charcoal diminishes. For protection against this type of product, it is therefore recommended to use the higher-efficiency Type X filters.
Staub, Reinhaltung der Luft, Apr. 1986, Vol.46, No.4, p.201-205. 5 ref.

CIS 87-592 Furs S., Wilkosz M.
Improvement of a method for testing the efficiency of dust protection equipment with the use of monodisperse dust
Doskonalenie metody pomiarów skuteczności ochron przeciwpyłowych przy użyciu pyłu monodyspersyjnego [in Polish]
In the process of generating monodisperse dust aerosols, lower concentrations of dust in the hydrosol and higher atomization pressure increase the probability of individual dust grain occurrence in the aerosol. Lower concentrations of dust in the hydrosol give much greater improvements in the aerosol monodisperseness than does a higher pressure of hydrosol atomization. A nephelometric method is given for determining the total dust filtration coefficient and the filtration coefficient for dust particles of a given diameter. Stress is put on the importance of measuring background light scattering on both sides of the object being tested.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1986, Vol.36, No.129, p.67-80. 8 ref.

CIS 87-341 Protection against tarantulas
Description of an all-in-one powered respirator that proved to provide the best means of face and neck protection against tarantulas in a company supplying insects to laboratories.
Safety Practitioner, Nov. 1986, Vol.4, No.11, p.45. Illus.

CIS 86-2078 Hodous T.K.
Screening prospective workers for the ability to use respirators
A physician should determine the ability to use a respirator, taking into account the employee's health, the respirator, and the work conditions. This report reviews the effects of respirator wear and provides referenced, reasonable guidelines for determining a worker's fitness to wear a respirator. The effects discussed include pulmonary, cardiac, thermal, sensory and psychological reactions, and local irritation. Examining physicians should realise that heavy exercise with a respirator usually causes stress primarily on the cardiovascular system and that heavy (e.g. self-contained, atmosphere-supplying) respirators can substantially increase this stress. Accordingly, exercise stress tests, with ECG monitoring, should be considered in these circumstances when cardiovascular risk factors are present. Available literature is noted that should help physicians screen prospective workers for the ability to use respirators.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1986, Vol.28, No.10, p.1074-1080. 48 ref.

CIS 86-1939 Sanderson W.J.H.
Selection of sampling pumps and filter heads
Basic criteria for the selection of pumps, filter, sorbent tubes and filters used for the sampling of different kinds of gases, vapours and particulates in the workplace air.
Safety Practitioner, Sep. 1986, Vol.4, No.9, p.18-20. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 86-1842 Basarab L.L., Penny M., Cairns J.
Asbestos - (1) Removal or encapsulation? (2) The role of the independent analyst in asbestos removal (3) Respiratory protection in asbestos laden environments
Article 1 enumerates the advantages and disadvantages of asbestos removal and encapsulation in various situations where asbestos exposure has to be reduced. Article 2 describes the role of the independent analyst in asbestos removal. Article 3 compares the effectiveness of various kinds of respiratory protective equipment in controlling crocidolite, amosite and chrysotile concentrations in the workplace air; it discusses the problems of training, use and maintenance of such equipment, and the problems of workers with special requirements (those wearing spectacles, those with heavy facial hair, and workers requiring head protection against other hazards).
Safety Practitioner, July 1986, Vol.4, No.7, p.18-23. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 86-1998 Verstappen F., Bloemen L., Van Putten M., Reuvers J.
Self-contained respirators: Effects of negative and positive pressure-demand types on physical exercise
Ten volunteer subjects performed maximal exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer and a treadmill while under 3 breathing conditions: negative pressure-demand (NPD), positive pressure-demand (PPD) and normal breathing (N). No differences between breathing conditions were found in maximal work level, maximal heart rate or maximal blood lactate concentration. The experienced firemen among the subjects did show a lower respiration rate in NPD compared to PPD and N during submaximal exercise, but this was compensated for by an increased tidal volume. A remarkable finding concerned carbon dioxide pressure in arterialised blood, which was lower (0.5 to 0.8kPa) during PPD compared to NPD or N, indicating an improvement in pulmonary gas exchange. In summary, it can be concluded that neither negative pressure-demand nor positive pressure-demand breathing affects maximal physical working capacity; therefore, their influence on the function of various organ systems during exercise apparently falls within normal physiological range.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1986, Vol.47, No.10, p.635-640. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 86-1710 Trout D., Breysse P.N., Hall T., Corn M., Risby T.
Determination of organic vapor respirator cartridge variability in terms of degree of activation of the carbon and cartridge packing density
The protection provided by carbon-containing organic vapour respirator cartridges depends in part on the packing density of the carbon and its degree of activation. Large variations in these parameters could have significant effects on the service life of respirator cartridges. Testing of cartridges from 3 different suppliers showed significant variability ranging from 11 to 40%.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1986, Vol.47, No.8, p.491-496. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 86-1520 Pátkay F., Tardos K.
Results of research into stepped felt filtering materials
Tűzött nemez szűrőanyagok fejlesztési eredményei [in Hungarian]
Report on the results of experimental testing of stepped felt synthetic-fibre filtering materials for removing dust from air.
Munkavédelem, munka- és üzemegészségügy, 1986, Vol.32, No.1-3, p.1-6. Illus.

CIS 86-1351 Dharmarajan V., Lingg R.D., Hackathorn D.R.
Evaluation of air-purifying respirators for protection against toluene diisocyanate vapors
Two brands of air-purifying organic vapour cartridges and a disposable respirator were tested against calibrated atmospheres containing toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at concentrations of 0.2 and 1.5ppm. A breathing pump was used to test the valveless disposable mask. There was no significant breakthrough (<0.5%) of TDI in any of the respirators tested for 40h at 0.2 ppm and 20h at 1.5 ppm. It is important to note that, at present, because the odour threshold for TDI is higher than the ceiling exposure limit (poor warning property), NIOSH and most of the respirator manufacturers do not recommend the use of air-purifying respirators in isocyanate-containing environments.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July 1986, Vol.47, No.7, p.393-398. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 86-771 Grauvogel L.W.
Effectiveness of a positive pressure respirator for controlling lead exposure in acid storage battery manufacturing
Effective protection for workers using powered air-purifying respirators and their corresponding blood lead histories are reported and compared with results for half-masks, negative pressure respirators. Airborne lead protection factors for the powered respirator ranged from 2 to 74, while lead levels in the blood remained stable or decreased for 8 of the 13 workers monitored when compared to negative pressure respirator use levels.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1986, Vol.47, No.2, p.144-146. 6 ref.

CIS 86-494 Louhevaara V., Smolander J., Korhonen O., Tuomi T.
Maximal working times with a self-contained breathing apparatus
The effects of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) on relative aerobic strain (%VO2 max) and heart rate (HR) were studied at light,moderate and heavy exercise levels on a treadmill in temperate conditions. The subjects comprised 13 firemen having a mean VO2 max of 4.16 L/min. Maximal working times (WT max) with SCBA were calculated with the studies results and with experimental data in the literature. During moderately heavy exercise, carrying an SCBA decreased the subjects estimated WT max from 60 to 44min. The estimated WT max for a single operation with SCBA was critically short (18 min) when the average VO2 max for men aged 20-29 was used in the calculations. Excessive strain in an efficient fire fighting operation of 20-30 min with SCBA can only be avoided through good physical work capacity and self-control of the physical workload.
Ergonomics, Jan. 1986, Vol.29, NO.1, p.77-85. Bibl.

1985

CIS 90-1767
Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social
Respiratory protective equipment: assisted fresh-air hose breathing apparatus [Spain]
Equipos de protección personal de vías respiratorias: Semiautónomos de aire fresco con manguera de presión [in Spanish]
Technical standard brought into legal force by a Resolution of the Dirección General de Trabajo on 22 July 1981. Contents: definitions; description and classification; requirements for facepieces, materials, parts, functions, hermeticity, removal efficiency and blowers; testing. In the appendix: ministerial Order dated 17 May 1974 on the type testing of personal protective equipment.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 1985. 31p. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 88-595
Health and Safety Executive
Respiratory protective equipment for use against asbestos
This guidance note describes the health hazards associated with the inhalation of asbestos and gives guidelines for the selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment. It describes the types of equipment approved by the HSE, gives advice on training and comments on the relevant legislation. Control limits for exposure to asbestos, airborne asbestos levels and a simplified guide to selection of respirators for some common jobs are appended.
HM Stationery Office, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, Nov. 1985. 12p. Illus.

CIS 88-594 Respiratory protective equipment - Powered particle filtering devices incorporating full face masks, half masks, and quarter masks
Appareils de protection respiratoire - Appareils filtrants ŕ ventilation assistée contre les particules avec masques complets, demi-masques et quart de masques [in French]
This standard specifies the minimum requirements for the devices in question, excepting escape equipment. It includes laboratory tests for verifying conformity to the specifications.
Association française de normalisation, Tour Europe, 92080 Paris-la-Défense Cedex 7, France, 1985. 12p. Illus.

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