Respiratory protection - 688 entries found

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1982

CIS 83-2011
National Board of Occupational Health and Safety (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen)
Personal protective equipment - V. Use of respirators
Personlig skyddsutrustning - V. Användning av andningsskydd [in Swedish]
Modification of directive 45:5 of 1975 (CIS 77-200): new example for calculating the safety factor to be complied with in choosing a respirator and filter; new list covering some 250 harmful substances on the Swedish TLV list with indication of the filter type to be used.
LiberFörlag, 162 89 Stockholm, Sweden, 16 Mar. 1982. 14p.

CIS 83-1579 Carlbom M.
Little pigs have it easy - but the dust!
Grisar tar livet lugnt - men de dammar [in Swedish]
Dust is generated in the large batteries in which pigs are raised; the dust comes from feed, from the concrete floors and from the animals' skins when they scratch themselves. Dust formation is often promoted by the dehumidifiers installed to combat the high humidity produced by the animals' perspiration. These dusts can produce allergic reactions in sensitive persons. Also, the acaricidal powder applied 2-3 times per year to prevent mange is toxic. After trying different dust masks, one allergic breeder found that an air-supplied helmet, with filtered air forming a curtain in front of the face, offered the best protection.
Arbetsmiljö, 1982, No.12, p.14-18. Illus.

CIS 83-1703 Furs S., Hermut Z., Zakrzewski J.
Method for the determination of the service life of protective chemical cartridges, used as filters for organic compounds in the workplace
Metoda ustalania czasu bezpiecznego stosowania pochłaniaczy w warunkach przemysłowych wobec par związków organicznych [in Polish]
Chemical cartridges, used in type M-16 respirators against hydrocyanic acid, were tested for effectiveness against trichloroethylene fumes. The analysis of the results, using linear regression models, led to the calculation of the length of protective power of the cartridges as a function of constant concentrations of organic fumes in the air of the workplace. This method can be used to determine the effective service life of the cartridges in respirators designed for protection against organic compounds (benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, cumene, ethylbenzene, carbon tetrachloride, etc.).
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1982, Vol.32, No.115, p.255-275. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 83-1699 Hin Liau Y., Bhattacharya A., Ayer H., Miller C.
Determination of critical anthropometric parameters for design of respirators
Anthropometric data were collected from 2 direct and 5 indirect facial measurements from front and side view slides of 243 industrial workers fit-tested in a continuing respirator fit-test programme. A correlation was established between these data and the protection factor obtained from quantitative fit-testing of 4 different brands and 10 sizes of half-mask respirators. The most important anthropometric parameters for these respirators are mouth width and face width.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1982, Vol.43, No.12, p.897-899. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 83-1249 Recommended guidelines for the selection and use of respiratory protective equipment (R.P.E.) when working with asbestos
The recommendations lay out the considerations for selection of respirators for stripping asbestos (approval by the Health and Safety Executive, appropriate mode of operation for a given situation). Good and bad features of different types of respirators are listed. Other topics covered are: training in the use of respirators, keeping of records on respirators, inspection, cleaning and maintenance of respirators, and dependence of respirator use on the location of decontamination facilities.
Asbestos Removal Contractors Association, 24 Ormond Road, Richmond, Surrey TW10 6TH, United Kingdom, July 1982. 8p.

CIS 83-1414 Raven P.B., Bradley O., Rohm-Young D., McClure F.L., Skaggs B.
Physiological response to pressure-demand respirator wear
A comparison was made between 22 normal male and female volunteers and 15 with moderate impairment of lung function during submaximal exercise with and without a pressure-demand type air-line respirator. The respirator was an air-line full-face mask pressure-demand breathing type equipped with an inspiratory resistance of 85mmH₂O at 85l/min air flow. Physiologically and subjectively the responses of the normal and moderately impaired subjects to respirator wear during rest, 35, 50 and 80% of their maximal aerobic capacity (VO₂max) were not different. The pressure variations inside the facepiece exceeded 24cmH₂O and resulted in 50% of the subjects being unable to finish 10min of work at 80% VO₂max. The greater the ventilatory demand placed upon the respirator, due to increasing workload, the more like a demand-type respirator the pressure-demand system became. The concept of increased protection and reduced inspiratory resistance as a result of pressurising the facepiece during heavy work is questioned.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1982, Vol.43, No.10, p.773-781. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 83-1411 Epstein Y., Keren G., Lerman Y., Shefer A.
Physiological and psychological adaptation to respiratory protective devices
20 male subjects were tested at 80% of their maximum aerobic work capacity (VO₂max) for 6 consecutive days with a fitted respiratory protective device (RPD) with an airway resistance of 2.80±0.07cm H₂O.s/l. Working with the RPD at a capacity close to maximum for several minutes each day induced a rapid adaptation process demonstrated by an improvement in physiological parameters. No significant changes were observed in subjective parameters such as comfort, difficulty on inspiration or expiration, or physical performance.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, July 1982, Vol.53, No.7, p.663-665. 10 ref.

CIS 83-1409 Avol E.L., Linn W.S., Wightman L.H., Homer J.E., Hackney J.D.
Laboratory evaluation of a disposable half-face mask for protection against ozone
A test device simulating the breathing of a moderately exercising human and testing involving 18 volunteers exposed to ozone (O₃) in a controlled-environment chamber for 2h with intermittent mild exercise were used to evaluate the effectiveness of disposable half face masks containing activated carbon as protection against inhaled O₃. On the mechanical device, carbon-impregnated masks removed 96-98% of ambient O₃, whereas masks with no carbon removed only 32-37%. Volunteers experienced typical respiratory irritation and temporary loss of forced expiratory function during exposure when the masks contained no carbon. These effects were reduced when masks containing carbon were worn. The masks were tolerated well and may be beneficial in protecting sensitive people from O₃ exposures.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Nov. 1982, Vol.126, No.5, p.818-821. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 83-1127 Kaminskij S.L., Basmanov P.I.
Personal respiratory protective equipment
Sredstva individual'noj zaščity organov dyhanija [in Russian]
Sections of this manual cover: significance of respirators for the prevention of occupational diseases; harmful air pollutants at certain workplaces (health hazards of respirable particles and aerosols of a number of substances; arc welding; spray painting; cleaning of castings); classification of respirators and their characteristics (filter materials; protection to be afforded; physiological and hygienic requirements; assessment of respirators (technical, protection, and comfort criteria); rules for the choice, use and maintenance of respirators.
Izdatel'stvo "Mašinostroenie", Stromynskij per. 4, 107076 Moskva B-76, USSR, 1682. 126p. Illus. 75 ref. Price: Rbl.0.50.

CIS 83-1125 Coover S.R., Reist P.C., Hudgins P.A.
Performance of air purifying organic vapor respirators in valveless, bidirectional flow configurations
The current design criteria for air purifying respirators require inhalation and exhalation valves to ensure that exhalation does not occur through the sorbent bed. The use of 2 respirators in a bidirectional valveless configuration extended the service lives for carbon tetrachloride and vinyl chloride by factors of 1.5 to 3.6 compared with conventional unidirectional flow. Exhalation through the sorbent can partially desorb the contaminant without saturating the sorbent with water. It may be possible to extend the service lives of air purifying organic vapour respirators by eliminating inhalation and exhalation valves. A disadvantage would be extra breathing resistance encountered on exhalation.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1982, Vol.43, No.8, p.622-625. 2 ref.

CIS 83-793 Stawińska A.
Effects of pesticide dilutions and of washing solutions on the properties of respiratory protective equipment material
Wpływ działania wodnych roztworów pestycydów oraz kąpieli oczyszczających na właściwości materiałów sprzętu ochrony dróg oddechowych [in Polish]
Different materials used in the manufacture of respiratory protective equipment (metals, plastics, rubber) were tested with pesticides dilutions, aqueous detergent solutions and oxidants used for respiratory equipment maintenance in agriculture. Use of the different elements of equipment is evaluated, as are the products used in cleaning baths (after use of the equipment for crop protection).
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1982, Vol.32, No.113, p.143-155. 10 ref.

CIS 83-791 Carton B., Villa M., Zingraff D.
Filter respirators for dust protection - Physical studies (in conformity with standards NF S 76-101 and S 76-201)
Les appareils filtrants de protection individuelle contre les poussières - Essais physiques (conformité aux normes NF S 76-101 et S 76-201) [in French]
The performance of 79 models of dust mask available commercially in France in 1981 were compared, using the physical criteria as provided in AFNOR standard S 76-101 (CIS 76-214). Data reported: type of mask, manufacturer, distributor, loss due to friction (resistance to breathing), efficiency, clogging. Masks are classified as being in conformity or not in conformity with the standard.
Travail et sécurité, Nov. 1982, No.11, p.530-534. Illus.

CIS 83-738 Schnellbächer F.
Lung function testing in the practice of occupational medicine
Lungenfunktionsprüfungen in der arbeitsmedizinischen Praxis [in German]
Lung function tests - even of the simplest type - have not yet achieved the importance they warrant in occupational medicine. This brochure is aimed at both the medical profession in general and at plant physicians who, by their functions, should have an involvement in this area of physiology. The author, who is convinced by experience of the diagnostic value of these tests (provided the results are correctly interpreted), deals in part 1 with various aspects of simple lung function tests: instruments for measuring peak expiratory flow rate, spirometers, selection of equipment, calibration, instrument hygiene, advice on mesaurements and their interpretation, definitions of "restriction" and "obstruction", results of spirometry and implications for occupational medicine, importance of forced expiratory volume of occupational parameters. Direct measurement of resistance and respiration is dealt with in part 2: basic considerations in choice of method, measurement principles, indicative value, oscilloresistometry, resistance-volume curve (in normal patients and in cases of obstruction, emphysema and restriction), physics and limitations of oscilloresistometry in the event of very high resistance, problems in giving expert opinion.
Dr. Curt Haefner Verlag GmbH, Bachstrasse 14, 6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany, 1982. 52p. Illus. 91 ref. Price: DM.12.00.

CIS 83-537
Labour Inspectorate (Arbeidsinspectie)
Respiratory protective equipment
Ademhalingsbeschermingsmiddelen [in Dutch]
Contents of this data sheet: general considerations on respiratory protection; air purifying respirators (throw-away and other half-masks, rescue breathing appartus, half and full-face masks with filter cartridge; supplied-air respirators (hose masks with and without blower, airline respirators, compressed-air respirators); oxygen breathing apparatus (respirators for long or short use, oxygen generation by chemical reaction). The chapters on the various types of respirator comprise short descriptions with hints to particular features, use, maintenance and proper storage of the equipment. A carton-backed table (42x65cm) for selection of the appropriate respirator is available, order No. P 112-3.
Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Postbus 69, 2270 MA Voorburg, Netherlands, 2nd edition 1982. 19p. Illus. Price: Gld.0.50.

CIS 83-466 Alexandersson R., Hedenstierna G.
Pulmonary function after long-term exposure to trichlorophenol
Symptoms and pulmonary function were evaluated in 7 subjects exposed to trichlorophenol (used as a tracer gas in gas mask testing). Symptoms from upper airways and chest were more common among exposed than in control subjects (60% and 10%). Significantly reduced forced expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity and increased closing volume were measured, while other spirometric variables and the transfer factor of the lung for CO were normal. Increased elastic recoil pressure of the lung and x-rays signs of lung tissue envolvement were noticed in 2 subjects. Blood and liver tests were normal. The findings suggest an irritating effect on the lung of trichlorophenol, and it cannot be excluded that long-term exposure may produce pulmonary fibrosis.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Feb. 1982, Vol.49, No.3-4, p.275-280. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 83-234 Comte T., Koradecka D.
Permissible physical workload for persons wearing respiratory protective equipment
Dopuszczalne obciążenie pracą fizyczną przy stosowaniu sprzętu ochrony dróg oddechowych [in Polish]
10 men aged 20-24 years underwent bicycle ergometer testing, with and without the use of respiratory protective equipment, at workloads of 50 and 100W; test duration was 20 and 30min with a filter respirator, and 15 and 30min with a closed-circuit respirator. Tests during effort, rest and recovery included determination of pulse rate, minute lung ventilation, oxygen consumption, and face skin temperature. Analysis of the results, made it possible to specify optimum working times and workbreaks for persons wearing respiratory protective equipment in relation to the magnitude of the workload and the type of respirator used.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1982, Vol.32, No.112, p.3-12. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 83-233 Harber P., Tamimie R.J., Bhattacharya A., Barber M.
Physiologic effects of respirator dead space and resistance loading
The physiologic effects of inspiratory flow resistance and respiratory dead space (such as that of a full-face mask) in air purifying respirators and those of moderate and maximal exercise were assessed alone and in combination in 9 normal volunteers. There were significant effects on respiratory timing variables (e.g. inspiration time, inspiratory: expiratory time ratio), peak month pressure and peak inspiration flow rate. Only minimal effects on heart rate were noted. Prospective workers, who must wear respirators, should be observed during exercise as well as at rest, and a respirator dead space and inspiratory resistance should not produce a significant heart rate change but should lead to adaptation of the inspiration: expiratory time ratio.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Sept. 1982, Vol.24, No.9, p.681-684. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 82-1861 Seufert W.D., Bessette F., Lachiver G., Merdy H.
The liquid barrier filter - A new concept to eliminate particulate contaminants from gases
A liquid barrier filter (LBF) consisting of a nylon fabric matrix and a continuous film of a non-toxic, chemically-inert, perfluorocarbon liquid was evaluated for removal of a fine grade Sephadex powder from a gas stream. The LBF allowed passage of 0-23.4 particles (95.7-100% efficiency) in tests of 5-30 minutes exposure compared to passage of 100±29 to 790±105 particles through the fabric filter alone. The liquid phase in the LBF remains intact and allows only diffusion transfer of the gas. The LBF principle can be developed for use in equipment to protect against highly toxic particles contained in an atmosphere and, possibly, to replace self-contained breathing apparatus.
Health Physics, Feb. 1982, Vol.42, No.2, p.209-216. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 82-2008 Greenough G.K.
Experience with the "Airstream" helmet-respirator in mining
Despite great advances in mining dust control and a marked reduction in the prevalence of pneumoconiosis and silicosis, it is becoming increasingly accepted that dust control alone is unlikely to eliminate pneumoconiosis in the foreseeable future, whereas a combination of dust control and a moderately efficient respirator could virtually eliminate the disease. Conventional face-mask respirators are uncomfortable and are not an acceptable solution to the problem. This paper, presented at the International Symposium on Occupational Health and Safety in Mining and Tunnelling (Prague, 21-25 June 1982), describes the "Airstream" self-contained helmet respirator, designed to provide respiratory protection in a more comfortable and acceptable form. Service experience and proposed further development are discussed.
Health and Safety Executive, Red Hill, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom, 1982. 7p. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 82-1857 Morgan A., Holmes A.
Concentrations and characteristics of amphibole fibres in the lungs of workers exposed to crocidolite in the British gas-mask factories, and elsewhere, during the second world war
Report on autopsy studies to determine concentrations and length distributions of coated and uncoated amphibole fibres in the lungs of 27 workers exposed to asbestos in the manufacture of gas masks, one worker exposed to crocidolite in a Ministry of Defence plant and 3 miners at the mine from which the crocidolite came. All but 2 of these workers had died with a mesothelial tumour. Fibre concentrations ranged from 7x10⁴ to almost 10⁹ fibres/g dry weight. There appeared to be no relation between latent period and fibre concentration. The singificance of the wide range of fibre concentrations which was associated with the development of mesothelial tumours is discussed and also the relation between the relative frequency and dimensions of uncoated and coated fibres.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1982, Vol.39, No.1, p.62-69. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 82-1023 Kinkead E.R., Haun C.C., Bowers R.S., Vernot E.H., MacEwen J.D., Amster R.L.
Six month inhalation toxicity of fluomine dust
After initial 2-week exposures to determine non-irritating concentrations of dust, rats, mice, guinea pigs and dogs were exposed 6h a day for 5 days per week for 6 months to 0.1 and 0.5mg/m³ concentrations of fluomine dust, which is a cobalt chelate of interest as a regenerable source of oxygen in life support systems of high altitude aircraft. A statistically significant decrease in mean body weights of the test rats was observed when compared to their respective control group. The dust also had irritative effects on the respiratory systems of rats and dogs at the highest exposure level. A concentration of 0.1mg/m³ is suggested as a threshold limit value.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan. 1982, Vol.43, No.1, p.66-71. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 82-1120 Brauer L.
Manual of respiratory protection
Handbuch Atemschutz [in German]
Practical reference work and guidebook for specialists in respiratory protection in industry, mines and fire services. This loose-leaf manual is a source of basic data on human respiratory function, the organisation of respiratory protection, respiratory apparatus, and on the relevant legislation and standards. Sections cover: general aspects (respiration, pulmonary ventilation, gaseous exchange between the lungs and tissues, respiratory regulation and adaptation); technical protection measures; protection organisation; respiratory protection programme (responsibility, supervision, training, equipment maintenance); respiratory protection equipment (classification, testing, face-piece, filter; supplied-air, independent, and self-rescue equipment); special aspects (leak-tightness, fitting, prescription spectacles, psychological stress; humidity); standards and glossary; legislation and directives; testing and information centres.
Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft, Justus-von-Liebig-Strasse 1, 8910 Landsberg, Federal Republic of Germany, 1982. 790p. Illus. Bibl. Price: DM.125.00.

1981

CIS 83-786 Warncke E.
The positive pressure system for compressed-air breathing apparatus? also suitable for oxygen breathing apparatus?
In the event of a serious toxic atmosphere hazard, penetration of the harmful gas into the face mask due to a faulty fit may be avoided by the application of a positive pressure. The protective action provided by compressed-air breathing apparatus and oxygen breathing apparatus is considered theoretically and by means of a series of tests on 2 inner masks. Normal apparatus without positive pressure provides very effective safety. The use of positive pressure in oxygen breathing apparatus may be dangerous in the event of fire.
Dräger Review - Revue Dräger, Nov. 1981, No.48, p.1-7. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 82-2007 Litvinok I.K.
Air-curtain respirator
Vozdušnyj respirator [in Russian]
Description of a "respirator" which leaves the eyes, nose and mouth uncovered and creates a protective air screen in front of the wearer's face. The air is supplied through a rubber hose to the back of the head and distributed on the periphery of the face. Slot nozzles arranged on the forehead and chin direct the air flow so as to form a cone-shaped curtain around the breathing zone. This type of respiratory protector is suitable for paint spraying and similar tasks.
Mašinostroitel', Mar. 1981, No.3, p.31. Illus.

CIS 82-1729 NIOSH certified equipment list
This publication contains: a list of products certified between 1 May 1980 and 1 Oct. 1981; tables of information concerning certified coal mine dust personal sampler units, detector tube units, sound level meter sets, and respirators; updated lists of approval applicants; a listing of test procedures for certification of these products.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Oct. 1981. 120p.

CIS 82-1725 Practices for respiratory protection for the fire service
This standard (approved 11 Sep. 1981) establishes practices for respiratory protection of fire service personnel to provide guidance and information for the proper selection, care, use, maintenance, and fitting of respiratory devices for fire service personnel. Definitions; sections on: selection, use and maintenance of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); fitting of facepieces; training in proper use of SCBA; medical limitations for wearers; low, high and rapidly changing temperatures; communications and vision; use in confined spaces; facepiece-to-face sealing problems; absorption through or irritation of the skin; effects of ionising radiation on the skin and whole body; recommended research and development; programme evaluation; standard operating procedures. Annexes: oxygen deficiency immediately dangerous to life or health; suggested procedures for carrying out qualitative respirator-fitting tests; physiological and psychological limitations for SCBA users.
American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA, 1981. 20p. Price: US-$5.50.

CIS 82-1724
Health and Safety Executive
Certification of breathing apparatus
Definitions; certification and approval; procedure for testing and approval; HSE list of approved and certified breathing apparatus; requirements and conditions for certification; test procedures; marking; types of apparatus (closed circuit, open circuit, fresh-air hose, compressed-air line; escape breathing apparatus). Appendices: statutory requirements, extracts from Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Regulations 1980 (smoke helmet and smoke mask-type breathing apparatus), approval authorities (short directory).
H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, Apr. 1981. 10p.

CIS 82-978 Pasternack A.
Biochemical and physiological evaluation of an integral suit with a combined cooling and respiratory protection system
Biomechanische und arbeitsphysiologische Bewertung des Kühl- und Atemschutzgerätes [in German]
A description of an integral cooled suit combined with an independent respiratory protective system is followed by the results of studies on movement impediment and physiological effects caused by this protective system in a team of mine rescue workers. Diagrams of body-core temperature, pulse rate and subjective comfort in relation to the test parameters (70%C, 60-90% relative humidity, 70W workload), exposure time and the maximum tolerable wearing time. The suit can be tolerated for a prolonged period - which facilitates mine rescue and firefighting operations.
Drägerheft, 1981, No.319, p.10-15. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 82-1122
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften)
Information sheet on respiratory protection
Atemschutz-Merkblatt [in German]
This information sheet, intended for wearers of respiratory protection for work and rescue operations, gives rules for the choice, use and upkeep of this equipment. Sections are devoted to: general information on hazards, OSH aspects, criteria for selection, with particular reference to facepiece and mouthpiece; mechanism and use of various types of respirator (filter or air-purifying respirators, supplied-air respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus, rescue breathing apparatus); storage and maintenance; training and instructions for use. List of Federal German regulations and standards currently in force.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5000 Köln 1, Federal Republic of Germany, Oct. 1981. 64p. Prix: DM.5.40.

CIS 82-1065 Kinkead E.R., Haun C.C., Bowers R.S., Vernot E.H., Mac Ewen J.D., Amster R.L.
The mammalian toxicity of fluomine dust
The effects of exposure to the cobalt chelate fluomine, a regenerable oxygen source used in high-altitude aircraft, were investigated. Single dose oral administration led to LD₅₀ values of 123 and 187mg/kg for male mice and rats respectively. The LC₅₀ values for single 4h inhalation periods were 112 and 416mg/m³ for male rats and male mice. Fluomine was irritating to the eyes of rabbits and the lungs of rats. Moderate irritation was observed on abraded rabbit skin. Positive reactions to intradermal challenge were demonstrated after both intradermal and inhalation sensitisation of guinea pigs.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Sep. 181, Vol.42, No.9, p.675-680. 13 ref.

CIS 82-813 Furs S., Wilkosz M.
Use of a monodisperse dust for studying the effectiveness of dust masks
Wprowadzenie pyłu monodyspersyjnego do badań sprzętu przeciwpyłowego [in Polish]
This study, which is a follow-up of previous research (CIS 80-345), aims at determining the penetration coefficient required for a monodisperse dust of a given nominal particle diameter that could be used to replace the silica dust used until now as the standard dust for evaluating the efficiency of dust masks. It deals with 6 different types of filtering materials, and resulted in the development of a number of regression equations for calculating this coefficient. Description of the way to develop these equations and the numerical values obtained for equipment in protection classes 1 and 2, the nominal particle diameters for the monodisperse dust aerosol being, 1, 2, 3 and 4µm. Remarks on the practical application of this dust to the study of filtration equipment for dust masks.
Prace Centralnego instytutu ochrony pracy, 1981, Vol.31, No.111, p.253-269. 10 ref.

CIS 82-811 Raven P.B., Moss R.F., Page K., Garmon R., Skaggs B.
Clinical pulmonary function and industrial respirator wear
A battery of pulmonary function tests, with and without a full-face mask demand breathing respirator, were performed on 60 male and female subjects of whom 12 had superior lung function, 37 normal, and 11 were moderately impaired. The mast was equipped with an inspiratory resistance of 85mmH₂O at 85l/min airflow. The airflows generated at peak flow, FEV₁ and flows of 50% of lung volume were all significantly decreased by the respiratory mask. Inspiratory capacity and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) for 15s or 1min were also reduced. The reductions in performance were mechanistically similar for all groups, but a 32% reduction was observed in the superior subjects and only an 18% reduction in the impaired subjects. The total lung capacity, residual volume and forced vital capacity were not affected. The MVV 25s score without a respirator was predictive of the effect of wearing a respirator and may be useful as a screening test.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1981, Vol.42, No.12, p.897-903. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 82-726 Henry N.W.
Respirator cartridge and canister efficiency studies with formaldehyde
Breakthrough times were determined for formaldehyde (HCHO) on 3 types of commercial respirator cartridge, a canister and some new experimental cartridges. The cartridges and canister were challenged with 60l/min airflow containing HCHO at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 times the permissible exposure level of 3ppm under conditions of 50% relative humidity and 23°C. Average results are given for 3 tests of 10% and 50% breakthrough times. At test concentrations approaching the permissible exposure level acid gas and experimental cartridges had the longest breakthrough times and organic vapour cartridges were far less efficient as a protection against HCHO vapour. Increased relative humidity tended to increase breakthrough times in these experiments.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1981, Vol.42, No.12, p.853-857. Illus. 9 ref.

CIS 82-810 Brown R.C.
Capture of dust particles in filters by line-dipole charged fibres
Mathematical expressions are derived for the single fibre efficiency for the capture of charged and uncharged particles by line-dipole fibres. The particle stream line equations and the single fibre efficiencies can be calculated analytically for charged particle capture. Computer calculations are needed in the neutral particle case but the radial symmetry of the induction field simplifies the calculation. In each case an approximation for the single fibre efficiency is derived as a power law of a dimensionless parameter. The conditions under which particle interception affects the capture efficiency are specified, and a hydrodynamic factor is included in the expressions for the single fibre efficiency.
Journal of Aerosol Science, 1981, Vol.12, No.4, p.349-356. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 82-808 Schwope A.D., Randel M.A., Broome M.G.
Dimethyl sulfoxide permeation through glove materials
The breakthrough time for dimethyl sulfoxide was measured through samples of 4 types of rubber used in commercially available protective gloves. Breakthrough times varied from 1.5-2h for natural rubber to >8h for neoprene latex.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Oct. 1981, Vol.42, No.10, p.722-725. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 82-394 Engel P., Hildebrandt G., Hinz C.D., Kock F.J., Lange W., Pasternack A., Rademacher U., Wagner K.H., Windberg H.J.
Development and testing of a cooling system for mine rescue suits, combined with a closed circuit breathing apparatus
Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Kühlsystems und eines damit kombinierbaren Atemschutzgerätes, vorwiegend für den Rettungs- und Bergungseinsatz im Bergbau unter Tage [in German]
This research report on the humanisation of work defines required conditions and climate chamber tests for the design of a complete rescue suit with an incorporated cooling system, which can be worn together with a closed-circuit breathing apparatus. Appended: report of a study on restrictions of movement and physiological factors (body temperature, heart rate, subjective comfort) associated with wearing this type of protective clothing.
Fachinformationszentrum Energie, Physik, Mathematik, 7514 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 2, Federal Republic of Germany, 1981. 162p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: DM.32.70.

CIS 82-489 Deno N.S., Kamon E., Kiser D.M.
Physiological responses to resistance breathing during short and prolonged exercise
The physiological limits of exercise intensity and related respiratory responses were measured for short and prolonged exercise using 5 breathing resistances and 5 and 7 subjects, average age 26, in the 2 series of tests. For symmetrical breathing resistances of 11, 16, 25, 40, and 57cm H₂O at a flow rate of 1201/min exercise limits were 72, 72, 79, 60 and 54% of maximum aerobic capacity (% VO₂max) for short term and 58, 60, 49, 43 and 35% VO₂max for prolonged, 1h, exercise. The presence of significant external resistance to breathing influenced the traditional relationship between exercise intensity and duration. The limitation found is of concern when respirators are used in emergency situations requiring high levels of exercise intensity.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1981, Vol.42, No.8, p.616-623. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 81-2030 Klingsohr K.
Respiratory protection
Atemschutz [in German]
Contents of this pocket-size manual for training firemen; mechanism of breathing; respiratory poisons; respirators; directives for using respirators; training in use of respirators; maintenance and upkeep of respirators. List of toxic substances.
Verlag W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Hessbrühlstrasse 69, 7000 Stuttgart 80, Federal Republic of Germany, 1981. 108p. Illus. Price: DM.9.00.

CIS 81-2022 Wang T.C.
Residence time and carbon dioxide scrubbing efficiency in life support systems
The effect of the residence time, the length of time the gas is exposed to the absorbent material, on the absorption efficiency and capacity of 5 different commercial granular absorbents for carbon dioxide (CO₂) was evaluated under controlled flow and temperature conditions. Anhydrous and partially hydrated lithium hydroxide (LiOH) had the highest CO₂ absorption capacity when residence time was about 0.8s and absorption capacity increased with increasing porosity. At 0.4s residence time the absorption capacity of partially hydrated LiOH was 13 times greater than that of anhydrous LiOH. The CO₂ absorption capacity of both Sodasorb and Baralyme increased with increasing residence time but was greatly reduced for residence times <1.0s.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, Feb. 1981, Vol.52, No.2, p.104-108. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 81-925 Willeke K., Ayer H.E., Blanchard J.D.
New methods for quantitative respirator fit testing with aerosols.
Bis 2(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), commonly used for respirator fit testing, has recently been implicated as a potential human carcinogen. A continuous-flow condensation nuclei counter (CNC) is described that cas be used with various non-hazardous test aerosols not measurable by the conventional technique. The CNC enlarges submicrometer-sized particles into the light scattering range, so that virtually any fine particle cloud can be used for fit testing. Comparative tests between photometer and CNC measurements are reported. The potential use of an aerosol electrometer is discussed.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1981, Vol.42, No.2, p.121-125. Illus. 13 ref.

1980

CIS 82-2010 Practices for respiratory protection
This standard (effective 22 May 1980) sets forth accepted practices for respirator users, provides information and guidance for their proper selection, use, and care, and contains recommended requirements for establishing and regulating respirator programmes. It covers the use of respirators to protect persons against the inhalation of harmful air contaminants and against oxygen deficient atmospheres in the workplace. The following are not covered: underwater breathing devices; aircraft oxygen systems; medical inhalators and resuscitators. Contents: definitions; respirator programme requirements; classification of respiratory hazards; classification, description, and limitations of respirators; selection, use, maintenance; special problems (vision, communications, confined spaces, low and high environmental temperatures); evaluation of respirator effectiveness; reference to other standards, regulations and manuals. Appendices: approval agencies; physiological and psychological limitations for respirator wearers; oxygen deficiency; respirator fitting tests.
American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018, USA, 22 May 1980. 38p. 28 ref. Price: US-$7.00.

CIS 82-240
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften)
Guidelines for compressed-air diving apparatus
Richtlinien für Druckluft-Leichttauchgeräte [in German]
These guidelines apply to self-contained and air-supplied diving apparatus for professional use. Technical terminology is defined, and design and equipment requirements are specified: compulsory use of full-face mask, essential components of breathing system, air-supply hose, pressure-reducing valve, air reserve. An appendix reproduces the text of German standard DIN 58 640 on open-circuit self-contained compressed-air diving apparatus.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5000 Köln 1, Federal Republic of Germany, Oct. 1980. 12p. Price: DM.1,20.

CIS 82-287
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations
Physical capacity requirements for wearers of breathing apparatus
Belastbarkeitsvoraussetzungen für Träger von Atemschutzgeräten [in German]
Report on investigations to determine the influence of the weight of compressed-air breathing apparatus on the physical limitations due to the age of the wearer. The research methods consisted in ergometric treadmill tests; 212 subjects wearing breathing apparatus (age 18-63) were tested. Description of the physiological and statistical methods used, basic data and test results (cardio-circulatory functions, lung function, effects of age, influence of training). The empirical age limit of 50 years is justified by the results of lung and heart examinations. A nomogram, which shows the relation existing between respiratory minute volume and submaximal ergometric load due to wearing the apparatus, on the one hand, and the weight and height of the wearer, on the other, enable aptitude to be rapidly assessed.
Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Langwartweg 103, 5300 Bonn 1, Federal Republic of Germany, Sep. 1980. 74p. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 81-2029 Riediger G., Wolf D., Fahrbach J.
Tests on filter-type respirators
Prüfung von filternden Atemschutzgeräten [in German]
Survey of the conditions and characteristics laid down by the new Federal German standards on respiratory protective equipment testing: chemical filters and combined filters (mechanical and chemical), classification and break-through criteria, size of activated charcoal particles and impregnation, gas absorption characteristics); mechanical filters (test aerosol, permeability, mask tightness; half-mask dust masks (moisture resistance, gas tightness).
Staub, Sep. 1980, Vol.40, No.9, p.388-392. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 81-2025
German Standards Institute (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
Filters for respiratory protective equipment
Atemfilter für Atemschutzgeräte [in German]
This standard prescribes safety specifications under the Act of 1968 respecting technical equipment used in industry. Part 1: anti-gas filters and combined filters: types and categories of anti-gas filters, nomenclature, requirements (design, materials, resistance, penetration, permeability, facepiece), tests, instructions for use, marking. Part 2: particulate filters: categories, nomenclature, requirements (materials, connections, breathing resistance, permeability), tests, instructions for use, marking. Commentaires.
Teil 1 + Teil 2, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 4-7, D-1000 Berlin 30, May 1980. 4 and 5p. Illus. Price: DM.14.90 and 21.00.

CIS 81-1420 Walther H.J.
The Dräger respiratory protection suit system
Das Dräger-Atemschutzanzug-System [in German]
Description of 2 types of integral clothing made of PVC, chloroprene and Viton with built-in panoramic facepiece (to permit the wearing of a respirator over or under the clothing) and of a lighter PVC suit with a large built-in facepiece to be worn over the respirator and mask. The suits are designed to be completely gas-tight. Glove and boot connections are particularly important. Review of the specifications (especially chemical resistance); instructions on how to put on the suit and on its maintenance.
Drägerheft, May-Aug. 1980, No.317, p.26-35. Illus.

CIS 81-1418 Pasternack A.
Oxygen breathing self-rescue apparatus OXY K60G and OXY K60M
Die Sauerstoffselbstretter OXY K60G und OXY K60M [in German]
Presentation of 2 models of self-rescue breathing apparatus using potassium dioxide as an oxygen source (construction, operation, technical data). One model (weight 3.8kg) is equipped with a mouthpiece and nose clip, the other with a face mask (3.1kg); they provide protection for 50-60min. Designed for the mining industry, they are suitable for use in other branches of industry.
Drägerheft, Jan.-Apr. 1980, No.316, p.6-14. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 81-1118 Specification for filtering facepiece dust respirators.
This standard specifies requirements for 3 types of filtering facepiece respirators designed to give protection against dusts for limited periods. For the purposes of the standard, the term "dusts" includes other particulates such as fumes and mists of negligible volatility. Contents: design of respirators; construction; performance requirements; marking. Appendices: simulated wearing treatment; determination of total inward leakage; test for static leakage of exhalation valves; dust clogging test for valveless filtering facepiece respirators; measurement of effective dead space.
British Standards Institution, Publications Department, 101 Pentonville Road, London N1 9ND, United Kingdom, 1980. 12p. 5 ref. Illus.

CIS 81-1090 Hervé-Bazin B., Foussereau J., Cavelier C.
Allergy due to N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) in personal protective equipment
L'allergie à la N-isopropyl-N'-phényl-p-phénylènediamine (IPPD) dans certains objets de protection individuelle. [in French]
Results of analytical research and clinical allergic sensitisation investigations to determine IPPD-type aromatic amines in personal protective equipment made of elastomers: gloves, boots and dust respirators. Some IPPD-sensitised subjects do not react on contact with equipment containing this substance; some, on the contrary, react on contact with equipment where IPPD has not been detected on analysis. These results show up problems and gaps in analytical research and allergic sensitisation investigations when attempting to determine IPPD sensitisation due to contact with a new rubber product of unknown composition.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1980, Vol.28, No.3, p.82-88. Illus. 5 ref. (8p. supplement: German translation).

CIS 81-1117 Sedov A.V., Surovcev N.A., Mazneva G.E., Ševkun O.N.
Establishment of a TLV for phenol concentrations in the atmosphere of personal protective isolating equipment
O gigieničeskom normirovanii fenola v gazovoj srede izolirujuščih sredstv individual'noj zaščity [in Russian]
To determine this TLV a number of changes in functional indices were observed in volunteers exposed, during exercise tests, to concentrations of 3-9mg/m³ oxygen/phenol mixture. Considering odour threshold and effects on reproductive function, a TLV of 0.3mg/m³ was established for phenol in air inside breathing equipment.
Gigiena i sanitarija, May 1980 No.5, p.81-82. 5 ref.

CIS 81-957 Carton B., Villa M., Zingraff M.D.
Measurement of clogging power of half-face dust masks: Replacement of silica J
Mesure du pouvoir de colmatage des demi-masques antipoussières: remplacement de la silice J. [in French]
On account of the fibrotic properties of silica J., alumina, calcium carbonate, and dolomite were considered as replacement dusts. Two dolomites dusts with different size distributions were chosen for tests with various half-face masks. Result compared well with those obtained with silica J. Suppliers' addresses are provided.
Staub, June 1980, Vol.40, No.6, p.231-235. Illus.

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