Biological monitoring - 1,161 entries found

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• Biological monitoring

1972

CIS 72-2472 Piotrowski J.K.
Certain problems of exposure tests for aromatic compounds
A review of studies of the Lodz Institute of Occupational Medicine (Poland). The compounds studied were: benzene; toluene; phenol; aniline; and nitrobenzene. Particular reference is made to absorption routes; excretion kinetics; exposure-test types and accuracy.
Pracovní lékařství, Mar. 1972, Vol.24, No.2-3, p.94-97. 21 ref.

CIS 72-2686 Beatti A.D., Moore M.R., Goldberg A.
Tetraethyl-lead poisoning
Four cases of tetraethyllead poisoning are described. All the subjects were simultaneously exposed to tetraethyllead whilst scaling a tank that had contained leaded gasoline. Exposure was followed shortly by illness in which mental symptoms were prominent. Blood-lead levels were raised to 64.2 - 92.5µg/100g. Lead was found predominantly in the lipid blood fraction. Urinary coproporphyrin-III excretion was slightly raised in only one case, and porphyrin-precursor excretion was normal. Erythrocyte-protoporphyrin excretion was slightly raised in the 3 most severe cases. There was pronounced reduction in blood activity of ALAD. Urinary lead excretion, which was initially high, was further increased by D-penicillamine administration.
Lancet, 1 July 1972, Vol.2, No.7766, p.12-15. 15 ref.

CIS 73-172 Ehrlicher H., Hoschek R., Mappes R., Pott R.
A discussion of the data sheet "Periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to lead", by the German Association for Occupational Safety and Health
Eine Diskussion des Merkblattes "Ärztliche Überwachungsuntersuchungen Blei" der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsschutz e.V. [in German]
A discussion of this information sheet (CIS 71-2090), with particular reference to laboratory analyses. The reason why haemoglobin and coproporphyrin estimations should not be excluded from the examination programme is explained. Following discussion on the level and compulsory nature of the threshold limit values, practical information is given on periodic examinations. The widespread use of screening tests can be supplemented by quantitive analyses where concentrations reach the medical threshold values. The various laboratory techniques are commented.
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz, July 1972, Vol.22, No.7, p.195-200. 43 ref.

CIS 73-352 Ikeda M.
Urinary excretion of total trichloro-compounds, trichloroethanol, and trichloroacetic acid as a measure of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene
To investigate the relation between trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene concentrations in working environments and metabolite concentrations in urine, surveys were carried out at 17 workshops where the vapour concentrations of these substances in air were relatively constant. Urine samples from 85 workers were analysed for total trichloro-compounds (TTC) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and trichloroethanol (TCE) concentration was estimated. Statistical analysis showed that urinary TTC and TCE were proportional to atmospheric trichloroethylene concentration. Urinary TCA was related to vapour concentration up to 50ppm but not at higher concentrations. In tetrachloroethylene exposure, urinary metabolite levels increased until the atmospheric solvent concentration reached 50-100ppm, but little increase occurred at higher concentrations. The results are discussed in relation to a possible reduction in the TLV (currently 100ppm in Japan).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1972, Vol.29, No.3, p.328-333. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 73-867 Gus'kova A.K., Sokolov V.V., Gribova I.A.
Scope of haematological tests and analysis of their results in the medical supervision of persons repeatedly exposed to radiation
Ob'em i ocenka rezultatov gematologičeskogo obsledovanija v praktike periodičeskih medicinskih osmotrov lic, podvergajuščihsja hroničeskomu lučevomu vozdejstviju [in Russian]
A review of the procedure followed for the haematological examination of persons exposed to ionising radiations, who are placed in 3 different groups according to the degree of exposure, each group being subjected to different tests. The various possible scientific interpretations of the test findings are examined.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Aug. 1972, Vol.16, No.8, p.18-21. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 73-1337 Heilbronn E., Mikiver M., Thorsell W.
Electrometric cholinesterase methodology in the monitoring of biocide workers
A group of 12 men working daily or weekly with a mixture of pesticides (benzene hexachloride, lindane, chlordane, malathion, pyrethrum and occasionally dimpylate) were monitored as regards cholinesterase activity in blood by using 2 different methods. A rapid electrometric method was used for the determination of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in small capillary blood samples, and a semi-quantitative method (Merckotest) was selected for comparison. The procedures are described, and the results presented and interpreted.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov. 1972, Vol.25, No.5, p.370-373. 36 ref.

CIS 73-1383 Terrill J.B.
Determination of common fluorocarbon propellants in blood
Description of a quantitative method developed to determine the levels of Freons 11, 12 and 114 in blood. The apparatus and analytical procedure (solvent extraction) enable fluorocarbon blood levels to be determined in the ppm range. The percentage recovery rates of the 3 fluorocarbons and their mixtures from blood are given.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1972, Vol.33, No.6, p.433-435. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 73-1156 Vaulpré A.
Gas chromatography of urinary phenols - Its value in the prevention of aromatic hydrocarbon poisoning
Le dosage par chromatographie en phase gazeuse des phénols urinaires - Son intérêt dans la prévention de l'intoxication par les hydrocarbures benzéniques [in French]
Various exposure and intoxication tests can be used for individual and group supervision of persons exposed to benzene or its higher homologues and the detection of subclinical poisoning. Following a brief description of these tests, all of which are considered inadequate, the author of this thesis reviews the metabolism of benzene, toluene and xylene, and presents the methods of determining urinary phenols with special reference to the colorimetric techniques and concentrating in particular on gas chromatography and its variants. The latter technique was used for 498 examinations, 80 of which related to persons with no exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained are presented. Chromatography proved more specific and more accurate and had greater reproducibility than colorimetry.
Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France, 1972. 68p. Illus. 74 ref.

1971

CIS 72-2315 Kolesár D.
Modification of leucocyte supravital colouring with acridine orange in fluorescent microscopy and its use in occupational medicine
Modifikácia supravitálneho farbenia leukocytov akridínovou oranžou vo fluorescenčnej mikroskopíi a jej využitíe v pracovnom lekárstve [in Slovak]
Description of a method for determining leucocyte fluorescence after acridine-orange supravital colouring. A 1:13,000 fresh acridine-orange solution is used, and colouring takes 15-25min at 37°C in a humid chamber. It offers relatively sensitive indication of exposure to industrial pollutants such as ionising radiation, benzene, electromagnetic radiation (centimetre wavelengths). This supplementary exposure test will detect a decrease in the percentage of green-flourescing-nucleus leucocytes in comparison to controls, before the appearance of any clinical or biological signs or symptoms.
Bratislavské lekárske listy, 1971, Vol.56, No.4, p.481-488. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 72-2687 Qazi Q.H., Madahar D.P.
Simple rapid test for lead poisoning
A description of a lead poisoning test suitable for mass screening which utilises the phenomenon of increased osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in lead poisoning and could be used for the detection of increased lead burden. Preliminary observations suggest that the test can identify more than 85% of persons with blood lead levels of 0.06mg/100mL or higher, and a larger percentage of persons with blood levels of 0.09mg/100mL and higher. The test is rapid, simple to perform, requires only 0.04mL of blood, and utilises reagents and equipment available in almost any laboratory.
Journal of Pediatrics, Nov. 1971, Vol.79, No.5, p.805-808. 9 ref.

1946

CIS 94-299 Buckell M., Hunter D., Milton R., Perry K.M.A.
Chronic mercury poisoning
Reprint of a classic study of chronic mercury (Hg) poisoning in a thermometer workshop (72 workers) and a pharmaceutical factory where Hg compounds were manufactured (11 workers), originally published in the BJIM in 1946 (3:55-63). The symptoms of chronic mercury poisoning (erethism, tremor and stomatitis) are described. Only the thermometer makers seemed to be affected. Results of urine analysis and atmospheric sampling suggested that these workers must have absorbed ten times as much Hg in a day than could have been absorbed from the atmosphere. The additional route of entry is suggested to be either absorption through the skin or ingestion.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1993, Vol.50, No.2, p.98-106 (given as p.55-106). Illus. 27 ref.

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