Precarious employment - 207 entries found

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2006

CIS 07-266 Labbé F.
Limits to the safety training of employees
Les limites de la formation à la sécurité des salariés [in French]
Safety training of employees is an integral part of the occupational safety and health policies of all French enterprises. This article summarizes the main legal obligations with respect to safety training. Contents: purpose and content of safety training; increased training for non-regular employees; table summarizing the training programmes to be implemented (movement of vehicles and persons, hazards related to work tasks. measures to be taken in the event of an accident at the place of work, safety signalling).
Santé et Sécurité au Travail Actualités, Feb. 2006, No.87, p.6-7. Illus.

CIS 07-228 Bauer J., Stamm A., Virnich K., Wissing K., Müller U., Wirsching M., Schaarschmidt U.
Correlation between burnout syndrome and psychological and psychosomatic symptoms among teachers
Burnout is the main cause of the increasing rates of premature retirement among schoolteachers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between occupational burden and the psychological strain of teachers who are still in work. A sample of 408 teachers at ten German high schools was evaluated. Modes of coping with occupational burden were determined using the coping capacity questionnaire (MECCA). Psychopathological and psychosomatic symptoms were determined using the SCL90R questionnaire. Findings are discussed. Burnout was significantly correlated with psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. Burnout was significantly higher among women, divorced teachers and teachers working part-time. Besides high numbers of pupils per class, teachers regarded the destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Mar. 2006, Vol.79, No.3, p.199-204. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 07-117 Zierold K.M., Anderson H.
The relationship between work permits, injury, and safety training among working teenagers
No information exists on the differences between teenagers with work permits and those without work permits in regard to workplace injury, near-miss incidents and safety training. A questionnaire was administered to 7,506 teens attending high school in the state of Wisconsin. The questionnaire included questions about employment, injury, safety and health training, and school performance. Overall, 6,382 teens participated in the survey and 49% reported working during the school year. Seventy percent of all working teens reported having a permit. Females were more likely to have work permits compared with males (71% vs. 68%). The percentages of teens with permits varied by job and ranged from 55% for teens working in tree-trimming to 85% for teens working in restaurants or fast food establishments. There were no differences with respect to injury rates or the risk of near-miss incidents. However, teens with permits were significantly more likely to be given safety training than were those without permits.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 2006, Vol.49, No.5, p.360-366. 13 ref.

CIS 06-600 Schwartz G.
Temporary workers in Europe
L'Europe des intérimaires [in French]
This article briefly reviews a colloquium held in October 2005 on the safety and health of temporary workers in Europe. Topics addressed: implementation by member states of a European directive on temporary work; cooperation between temporary work agencies and their clients; national and regional initiatives; cases of practical solutions adopted by enterprises in Belgium and France.
Travail et sécurité, Jan. 2006, No.658, p.10-12. Illus. 3 ref.
http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/archivests/archivests.nsf/(alldocparref)/ts658page10_1/$file/ts658page10.pdf?openelement [in French]

2005

CIS 12-0074 Guthrie R., Quinlan M.
The occupational safety and health rights and workers' compensation entitlements of illegal immigrants: An emerging challenge
The past two decades have witnessed a growing level of illegal immigration, particularly into Western Europe, North America and Australia. This article examines the occupational safety and health and workers' compensation obligations of employers who engage illegal entrants, or persons working contrary to visa requirements, and the rights of those workers. While the primary focus of the paper is on the Australian experience, comparison is made to the situation in the United States Europe. Available evidence indicates that foreigners working illegally are more likely to be subjected to exploitative (in terms of wages and conditions) and unsafe employment practices. Although occupational safety and health statutes in Australia impose an obligation on employers to safeguard all people on their premises even if they are not employees, ensuring that illegal immigrants are protected effectively requires dedicated measures, something government agencies are only beginning to consider. Furthermore, in Australia and the United States, employers may be liable to make workers' compensation payments to illegal workers, although court decisions with regard to such claims are inconsistent and ambiguous. The article concludes by identifying policy interventions that may remedy these problems.
Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 2005, p.41-61. 78 ref.
The_occupational_safety_and_health_rights_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [in English]

CIS 06-1273 Weber C.
Safety and health protection on construction sites - For temporary workers
Sécurité et protection de la santé sur les chantiers - Pour les intérimaires [in French]
Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz auf der Baustelle - Für Personen im temporären Einsatz [in German]
Sicurezza e tutela della salute sui cantieri - Per il personale temporaneo [in Italian]
This booklet provides advice for temporary workers on construction sites. It includes information on accident insurance and a glossary of the main terms in French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Serbian and Croatian. Topics addressed: workclothes; personal protective equipment; on-site traffic; falls on the level; falls from heights; securing of loads; machinery and tools; hand tools and power tools; chemicals and toxic substances; hygiene; substances that lead to dependency; balanced diet; alarms and emergencies.
Suva, Gesundheitsschutz, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 2005. 34p. Illus.
http://wwwitsp1.suva.ch/sap/its/mimes/waswo/99/pdf/88217-f.pdf [in German]
http://wwwitsp1.suva.ch/sap/its/mimes/waswo/99/pdf/88217-d.pdf [in Italian]
http://wwwitsp1.suva.ch/sap/its/mimes/waswo/99/pdf/88217-i.pdf [in French]

CIS 06-1368 Benninghoven A., Bindzius F., Braun D., Cramer J., Ellegast R., Flowerday U., Genz A., von der Heyden T., Pfeiffer W., Schittly D., Schweer R., Stamm R.
CCall - Healthy and successful work in call centres
Call centre workplaces are in many ways a challenge to occupational health and safety. The occupation itself can be described as a form of work that is information technology-supported, communication-intensive, often with unusual working hours and a high rate of part-time employment. Data on employee turnover as well as on absenteeism related to occupational factors are often contradictory. This article describes a two-year research and development project, using a holistic approach taking into consideration all the relevant disciplines. Call centre workplaces were studied, and organizational measures aimed at ensuring successful occupational safety and health at call centres were developed and tested in practice.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2005, Vol.11, No.4, p.409-421. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 06-85 Annual Report 2004
Rapport annuel 2004 [in French]
Jaarverslag 2004 [in Dutch]
Annual report of the Belgian Central Service for Occupational Safety and Health of Temporary Workers for the year 2004. Contents: internal organization; occupational accidents among temporary workers in 2004; statistical trends of occupational accidents; awareness campaign undertaken by the Service; advice, communications and publications; studies and research; training; action plans for 2005; list of members.
Service Central de Prévention pour le Secteur du Travail Intérimaire, Avenue de l'Héliport 21, Bte 1, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2005. 39p. Illus.
http://www.p-i.be/piw/piw01.nsf/52b2da8b666e069080256aaa002ab228/0c8e75cf02eb71a3c1256ccc004dc4b4/$FILE/NOF05012.pdf [in French]
http://www.p-i.be/piw/piw01.nsf/52b2da8b666e069080256aaa002ab228/613a487f76c9a064c1256cca005dfff4/$FILE/NON05012.pdf [in Dutch]

CIS 06-52 Hein C.
Reconciling work and family responsibilities: Practical ideas from global experience
This book presents examples of what is being done in countries, communities and enterprises around the world to help workers reconcile work and family responsibilities such as caring for children and the elderly. It provides ideas for action by governments, employers' and workers' organizations and concerned civil society organizations. Includes a chapter on the implications of work schedules (effects of long hours, asocial hours, part-time work, flexibility of working time) and work location (home work, telework). Comments on relevant ILO Conventions and Recommendations.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2005. xv, 207p. Illus. 219 ref. Price: CHF 35.00.

CIS 04-595 Chobot A., Pachciarek K.
Rights and duties of interim work agencies and of employers considering an interim employee
Prawa i obowiązki agencji pracy tymczasowej i pracodawcy użytkownika wobec pracownika tymczasowego [in Polish]
The article discusses the Polish Act on the Employment of Temporary Workers of 9 July 2003. The obligations of temporary work agencies and of the employer towards temporary employees are listed. Attention is drawn to the division of certain rights and duties between agencies and employers.
Praca i Zabezpieczenie Społeczne, Jan. 2005, No.1, p.23-29. 11 ref.

CIS 04-594 Dörre-Nowak D., Koczur S.
Act on the Employment of Temporary Workers. Are changes necessary?
Ustawa o zatrudnianiu pracowników tymczasowych - czy zmiany są konieczne? [in Polish]
Analysis of selected aspects of the Polish Act on the Employment of Temporary Workers of 9 July 2003 and of a draft directive regarding the working conditions of temporary workers. The perceived drawbacks of the solutions adopted in the Act are listed. It is claimed that some of the key problems faced by temporary workers have not been tackled.
Monitor Prawa Pracy, Jan. 2005, No.1, p.350-355. 21 ref.

2004

CIS 05-654 Guide for the adjustment of permissible exposure values (PEVs) for unusual work schedules
The joint committee responsible for the revision of Annexe A of the Regulation Concerning the Quality of the Work Environment (Règlement québécois sur la qualité du milieu de travail - RQMT) mandated the IRSST to prepare a guide for the adjustment of time-weighted averages (TWAs) for non-traditional work schedules, using the Institute's research report of 1997 as a starting point and taking into account the committee's suggested modifications. This guide is a result of these efforts. It explains how to adjust the TWAs of each of the substances listed in the RQMT for work schedules other than the traditional one of eight hours per day, five days per week.
Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2nd rev. ed., 2004. 25p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: CAD 4.50. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/T-22.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-522 Prévention et Intérim annual report 2003
Rapport annuel 2003 de Prévention et Intérim [in French]
Jaarverslag 2003 Preventie en Interim [in Dutch]
This annual report of the Belgian Central Service for Occupational Safety and Health of Temporary Workers (Service Central de Prévention pour le Secteur du travail intérimaire) presents the statistics of occupational accidents for 2003. The frequency rate of occupational accidents declined by 9% compared to 2002 and by 17% compared to 1999, while the true severity rate (as measured by the days of incapacitation) declined by 8% compared to 2002 and by 17% compared to 1999. The global severity rate (as measured by the days of incapacitation including permanent disability) declined by 16% compared to 2002 and by 17% compared to 1999. The report also presents the activities undertaken during the year (consciousness programmes, research, publications, training), as well as the action plan for 2004.
Service Central de Prévention pour le Secteur du travail intérimaire, Avenue de l'Héliport 21 bte 1, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2004. 38p. Illus.
http://www.p-i.be/piw/piw01.nsf/52b2da8b666e069080256aaa002ab228/613a487f76c9a064c1256cca005dfff4/$FILE/jaarverslag%202002.pdf [in Dutch]
http://www.p-i.be/piw/piw01.nsf/52b2da8b666e069080256aaa002ab228/0c8e75cf02eb71a3c1256ccc004dc4b4/$FILE/nof04051bis.pdf [in French]

CIS 04-658 Guide for the correction of permissible levels of exposure (PLE) for non-conventional work schedules - 2nd revised and updated edition
Guide d'ajustement des valeurs d'exposition admissibles (VEA) pour les horaires de travail non conventionnels - 2e édition revue et mise à jour [in French]
This guide contains tables to enable the correction of permissible exposure levels for all substances included in the occupational safety and health regulations of the Canadian Province of Quebec (Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail - RSST) for work schedules other than five days a week, eight hours per day. The guide includes examples of calculations for different categories of substances as well as for different scenarios of non-conventional work schedules.
Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, 2nd rev. ed., Canada, 2004. 25p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: CAD 5.00. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/T-21.pdf [in French]

CIS 04-529 Vogel L.
Occupational health - Eight priority action areas for Community policy
Santé au travail - Huit terrains d'action pour la politique communautaire [in French]
Over a hundred thousand people in the European Union are killed each year in an accident or by a disease caused by poor working conditions. This brochure provides a broad overview of some of the on-going discussions on key occupational health issues in the European Union. Contents: occupational health, a key area for reducing social inequalities in health; Community strategy for the period 2002-2006; prevention systems for a coherent strategy; important factors in work organization; chemical risks, a major cause of occupational health-related mortality; job insecurity; improving knowledge and prevention in reproductive health and maternity; recognition of occupational diseases.
European Trade Union Technical Bureau for Health and Safety (TUTB), 5 Bd du Roi Albert II, 1210 Brussels, Belgium, 2004. 32p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 10.00.
http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/publications/files/FR-sant%C3%A9-syndicat.pdf [in French]
http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/publications/files/UK-health-TU.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-380 Saha A., Ramnath T., Chaudhuri R.N., Saiyed H.N.
An accident-risk assessment study of temporary piece rated workers
An occupational injury surveillance study was conducted among the workers of a fertilizer plant in India to assess whether the risk of occupational accidents in temporary piece-rated workers was higher in comparison to the permanent time-rated workers. The personal details of the workers were collected by means of interviews. There were few differences in age, nature of work, level of education, experience and habits between the two worker groups. However, accident incidence rates, accident frequency rates and accident severity rates were found to be significantly higher in temporary piece-rated workers. These differences were more prominent in case of time-loss accidents than in no time-loss accidents. Relative risk varied from 2.3 to 18.0 in case of time-loss accidents. In case of no time-loss accidents, it varied from 1.1 to 2.6. When relative risk is considered after taking all accidents into account, the relative risk ranged from 1.2 to 3.5.
Industrial Health, Apr. 2004, Vol.42, No.2, p.240-245. 28 ref.

CIS 04-488 Moreno-Jiménez B., Rodriguez Muñoz A., Garrosa Hernández E., Morante Benadero M.E.
Contractual relationships and bullying at the workplace: A comparative analysis
Relaciones contractuales y acoso psicológico en el trabajo: un análisis comparativo [in Spanish]
The objective of this study was to analyse possible differences in the nature and extent of bullying as a function of the type of employment contract. It involved 103 public transport workers of the Urban Community of Madrid. Participants responded to a questionnaire on personal data, the type of employment contract, the extent of bullying, and organizational and leadership factors. Findings highlight significant differences between workers under temporary and permanent contracts concerning bullying and social isolation. Various hypotheses are put forward to explain the incidence of work contract flexibility on bullying at the place of work.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Dec. 2004, Vol.L, No.197, p.19-26. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 04-332 Azaroff L.S., Levenstein C., Wegman D.H.
The occupational health of Southeast Asians in Lowell: A descriptive study
To assess the occupational health of a group of vulnerable immigrant workers, 160 residents of Cambodian or Lao origin in Lowell in the U.S. State of Massachusetts were interviewed regarding working conditions, health problems and use of medical services. Over 40% reported working in electronics and computer assembly. A fourth of those currently employed held temporary jobs. Workplace hazards included soldering fumes, inadequate ventilation, prolonged sitting or standing, awkward postures, unguarded machinery, shift work, long hours and pressure to produce quickly. Common work-related health problems included sprains and strains, headache, dizziness and flu-like symptoms. Less than a third of the respondents were aware of workers' compensation.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 2004, Vol.10, No.1, p.47-54. 40 ref.
http://www.ijoeh.com/pfds/1001_Azaroff.pdf [in English]

CIS 04-347 Janßen D., Nachreiner F.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
Flexible working hours
Flexible Arbeitszeiten [in German]
Flexible work-time schedules currently represent essential elements of work organization. However until recently, they have not yet been sufficiently examined with regard to their effects on health and psychosocial well-being. There are indications based on shift-work literature, that besides the advantages of these types of work arrangements for both employers and employees, they may also have negative effects. This report presents two studies that were carried out to examine the effects of flexible work-time schedules on health and psychosocial well-being. Results of both studies consistently show that a high variability of working hours, particularly if this variability is company controlled, is correlated with increased impairments in health and well being. Based on these findings, recommendations are proposed for improvements in the design of flexible work-time schedules.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2004. 200p. Illus. 90 ref. Price: EUR 17.00.

CIS 04-111 Quinlan M.
Regulatory responses to OSH problems caused by direct-hire temporary workers in Australia
There is international evidence that temporary workers can be at greater risk of occupational accidents and diseases than permanent workers. This article discusses awareness and responses to these problems among regulatory agencies in Australia, based on extensive interviews with their officers and the analysis of agency material. Findings indicate that while there is a growing awareness of the particular problems encountered by temporary workers, preventive measures have been mainly focused on the labour-hire industry rather than direct-hire temporary workers. As direct-hire temporary workers far outnumber those employed by labour-hire agencies, this represents a significant gap in government agency responses to the occupational safety and health problems posed by contingent work arrangements that needs to be addressed.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, June 2004, Vol.20, No.3, p.241-254. 54 ref.

2003

CIS 04-237 Bellmann L., Gewiese T.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin
Structures of working time patterns in Germany
Betriebliche Arbeitszeitstrukturen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland [in German]
This document presents the results of a survey carried out between 1996 and 1999 by the German Institute for Labour Market and Employment Research (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung - IAB) among a representative sample of enterprises. The focus of the study was mainly on non-conventional working hours. The analysis of full-time and part-time work, of fixed and flexible working hours, of shift and weekend work and of overtime shows that full-time work remains the dominant form of work. However, the increasing trend towards flexibility in working hours is a means of preserving employment. Another form of work which is also increasingly being adopted consists of variable working hours, which has a positive impact on job security and increases workers' sense of responsibility.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 2003. 192p. Illus. 41 ref. Price: EUR 17.00.

CIS 03-1986 Giga S.I., Hoel H., Cooper C.L.
Violence at work in the performing arts and in journalism
This working paper aims to identify issues relating to violence and stress affecting employees working in the media and the performing arts, covering a variety of jobs including acting, dancing, musical performance, media work and front-line journalism. Contents: sector-specific environment as originator of violence and stress at work; scope of violence and stress in media and entertainment; causes of violence and stress; information collection and reporting on violence and stress in media and entertainment; examples of cases of violence and stress in these sectors.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. vii, 20p. 55 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/media/wp201.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1701 Virtanen M.
Temporary employment and health
During the past decade, the increasing need for economic effectiveness and flexibility has caused a decline in the rate of employment in permanent full-time jobs and the increase of temporary and other forms of non-standard employment. However, little is known about the conditions of temporary employment and their effects on health. This study examined the relationships between temporary employment and workers' health, based on data from a study of 4851 hospital employees, together with data from a long-term follow-up study of 92,351 municipal workers. Temporary workers had a lower rate of sickness absence, and health problems were to a lesser extent associated with sickness absence than for permanent workers, which may indicate presenteeism, that is working when ill. In the municipality study, temporary employees had 1.2 to 1.6 higher overall mortality.
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Publication Office, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, 2003. 74p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: EUR 18.00.

CIS 03-1106 Safety and temporary work - Course on occupational safety and health for consultants and management
Sécurité et intérim - Cours sur la sécurité et la santé au travail pour les consultants et les dirigeants [in French]
Topics included in this training course on the safety and health of temporary workers: workers' well-being in Belgium; occupational safety and health in Luxembourg; occupational hazards; occupational accidents; occupational diseases and sickness absenteeism; safe work; work procedures and permits-to-work; emergency plans; dangerous substances; fire and explosions; confined spaces; tools, machinery and work equipment; manual handling; slips, falls and trips; work at height; welding; electricity; radiation; asbestos; noise and vibration; ergonomics; personal protective equipment.
Prévention et Intérim, Service central de prévention pour le secteur du travail intérimaire asbl, 21/1 avenue de l'Héliport, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, [c2003]. 200p. Illus.

CIS 03-1137 Hébert F., Duguay P., Massicotte P.
Indicators of injuries compensated in the field of occupational safety and health in Quebec: Analysis by sector of activity in 1995-1997
Les indicateurs de lésions indemnisées en santé et en sécurité du travail au Québec: analyse par secteur d'activité économique en 1995-1997 [in French]
This study on compensated occupational injuries is based on statistics regarding the compensation of occupational accidents and diseases as well as on Canadian population census data. It concerns the 1995-1997 period in the Province of Quebec. Main findings: more than three quarters of the injuries concern men; women appear to be more affected by musculoskeletal problems while men are more often victims of injuries resulting from occupational accidents; sectors of activity with the highest absenteeism include temporary workers, carpentry work, forestry work, engineering work and hardware retail outlets.
Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, May 2003. x, 219p. Illus. 25 ref. Price: CAD 16.00.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/htmfr/pdf_txt/R-333.pdf [in French]

CIS 03-1243
Health and Safety Executive
Sample analysis of construction accidents reported to HSE
This report presents the results of a telephone survey of about 1000 notifiers of major or over-3-day injury construction accidents that occurred in Great Britain between 19 December 2001 and 31 March 2002. The accidents were representative of the kind and severity notified to HSE throughout the 2001/2 reporting period. About 39% of notified accidents were associated with refurbishment (including maintenance and repair) with 45% of those cases associated with domestic premises. An almost equal number (36%) of notified accidents concerned new building work, 47% of these cases being for domestic housing with the remainder largely commercial and industrial. In 63% of cases, notifiers said CDM (see CIS 95-13) applied at the site. 56% of the accidents occurred in the private sector and 33% in the public sector.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Oct. 2003. vi, 150p. Illus. 2 ref. Price: GBP 20.00.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr139.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1249 Sabates-Wheeler R., Kabeer N.
Gender equality and the extension of social protection
This paper takes as its starting point the evidence that women occupy a disadvantaged status in relation to work opportunities when compared to men from equivalent social groups, and that they are also far more likely to be excluded from the sphere of social protection strategies. It is thought that female exclusion from such strategies is due to three main factors: an increasing casualization and feminization of the labour force, life cycle events, and gender-neutral effects that are likely to impact women more severely. A variety of successful social protection programmes and experiences are evaluated with the aim of recommending ways to extend social protection, in particular to women of working age. It is recommended that future efforts to extend social protection initiatives should take these factors into account. Furthermore, due to lack of data and comprehensive research, impact evaluations on the range of social protection programmes for women need to be conducted.
ILO Social Security and Development Branch, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. v, 54p. Illus. 51 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/socsec/download/esspaper15.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-1464 Spurgeon A.
Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA)
Working time - Its impact on safety and health
This report analyses the effects of hours of work and the organization of working time on workers' safety and health. Main topics covered: current trends (number of hours, shift work, non-standard working hours); methodological issues; working time and health (mental health, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive disorders, effects in special work groups); working time and safety; individual differences (age, sex, circumstances, personality and behaviour, health status, job type); intervention strategies (work-schedule organization, modification of the work environment, modification of individual responses, training and education); practical recommendations for the management of working time (risk assessment, hazard identification, control measures, monitoring and adjustment of intervention measures; research needs).
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2003. 143p. Illus. 220 ref.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/condtrav/pdf/wtwo-as-03.pdf [in English]

CIS 03-502 Law of 25 Feb. 2003 on measures aimed at reinforcing prevention in connection with the welfare of workers during the performance of their work [Belgium]
Loi du 25 févr. 2003 portant des mesures pour renforcer la prévention en matière de bien-être des travailleurs lors de l'exécution de leur travail [Belgique] [in French]
Wet houdende maatregelen ter versterking van de preventie inzake het welzijn van de werknemers bij de uitvoering van hun werk [in Dutch]
This Act modifies the 1996 Act concerning the welfare of workers during the performance of their work (see CIS 97-1) by adding or modifying provisions concerning the protection of temporary workers, the prevention of the repetition of serious accidents and the responsibilities of labour inspectors (in connection with the presence of outside workers and the non-respect of OSH measures by the employer).
Moniteur belge - Belgisch Staatsblad, 14 Mar. 2003, Vol.173, No.84, p.12314-12317.
http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/doc/rech_f.htm [in French]
http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/doc/rech_n.htm [in Dutch]

2002

CIS 04-294 New forms of contractual relationships and the implications for occupational safety and health
Nye former for kontraktforhold og konsekvenser for arbejdsmiljøet [in Danish]
Neue Formen von Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und die Auswirkungen auf Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der Arbeit [in German]
Nées morfés sumbáseōn érgou kai sunépeies stēn epaggelmatikḗ asfáleia kai ugeía [in Greek]
Las nuevas modalidades de relaciones contractuales y su repercusión en la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo [in Spanish]
Nya avtalsförhållanden och konsekvenserna för arbetsmiljön [in Swedish]
Les nouvelles formes de relations contractuelles et leurs implications pour la santé et la sécurité au travail [in French]
Nuovi rapporti contrattuali e ripercussioni per la sicurezza e la salute sul luogo di lavoro [in Italian]
Nieuwe vormen van arbeidscontracten en consequenties voor veiligheid en gezondheid op het werk [in Dutch]
Nowe formy nawiązywania stosunku pracy i ich wpływ na bezpieczeństwo i higienę pracy [in Polish]
Novas formas de relações contratuais e respectivo significado para a Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho [in Portuguese]
Uudenlaisten työsopimusten vaikutukset työturvallisuuteen ja työterveyteen [in Finnish]
This fact sheet summarizes a report on the occupational safety and health (OSH) implications of changing contractual relationships. Based on current research and expert opinion, it covers trends in contractual relationships, their implications for OSH risks, challenges for OSH prevention and implications for future research.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2002. 2p. Illus. 3 ref.
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/pt/FACTSN25-PT.PDF [in Portuguese]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/sv/FACTSN25-SV.PDF [in Swedish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/en/FACTSHEETSN25_EN.PDF [in English]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/es/FACTSN25-ES.PDF [in Spanish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/fr/FACTSN25-FR.PDF [in French]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/da/FACTSN25-DA.PDF [in Danish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/de/FACTSN25-DE.PDF [in German]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/el/FACTSN25-GR.PDF [in Greek]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/it/FACTSN25-IT.PDF [in Italian]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/nl/FACTSN25-NL.PDF [in Dutch]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/pl/Fakty_25_PL.pdf [in Polish]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/factsheets/25/fi/FACTSN25-FI.PDF [in Finnish]

CIS 03-580 European social statistics - Accidents at work and work-related health problems - Data 1994-2000
Europäische Sozialstatistik - Arbeitsunfälle und arbeitsbedingte Gesundheitsbeschwerden - Daten 1994-2000 [in German]
Statistiques sociales européennes - Accidents du travail et problèmes de santé liés au travail - Données 1994-2000 [in French]
This publication presents the detailed results of the following two harmonized statistical data collections on occupational safety and health in the European Union (EU) carried out by Eurostat together with the EU Member States: the European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) collected annually since 1994 and the ad hoc module on accidents at work and work-related health problems in the 1999 EU Labour Force Survey (LFS).
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2002. 236p. Illus. Price: EUR 34.00 (excluding VAT).
http://www.eu-datashop.de/download/DE/inhaltsv/thema3/unfall.pdf [in Multilingual]

CIS 03-15 Safety and Health at Work of Workers with Fixed-Duration or Temporary Employment Regulations of 2002 [Cyprus]
Oi perí Asfáleias kai Ugeías katá tēn Ergasía tōn Ergodotouménōn me Shésē Ergasías Orisménou Hrónou ḗ me Shésē Próskairēs Ergasías Kanonismoí tou 2002 [in Greek]
These regulations were issued under the authority of the 1996 Act concerning safety and health at work (see CIS 98-5). They contain provisions for the safety and health of workers without a permanent job. Implementation in Cyprus of Council Directive 91/383/EEC of 25 June 1991 supplementing the measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of workers with a fixed-duration employment relationship or a temporary employment relationship (see CIS 92-6).
Episêmos Efêmeris tês Dêmokratias, 12 Apr. 2002, No.3594, Suppl. III(I), p.1526-1528.

CIS 03-70 Calado Correira M.M., Costa Rodrigues A.
Required notification/reporting in the area of occupational safety and health
Notificações/Comunicações obrigatórias no domínio da SHST [in Portuguese]
This guide presents, in tabular form, the legally required steps in Portugal for procedures of notification, communication or application for licences in the occupational safety and health field, concerning occupational accidents, occupational diseases, specific hazards, hours of work and categories of workers (foreigners, minors, temporary workers). For each situation, tables contain the object of the notification or the authorization, the name of the applicant, the competent body for addressing the request, the deadline and the legal basis. Relevant regulations are listed in chronological order.
Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, June 2002. 83p.

CIS 03-262
Health and Safety Executive
Managing health and safety in dockwork
Many dock workers are injured or killed at work each year in the United Kingdom. This guidance is aimed at all persons involved in dock operations or who supply labour for dock work. It explains the specific safety and health duties and shows how cooperation, coordination and the control of contractors can help managing safety successfully. Topics covered: employers' responsibilities towards their own employees, temporary workers, workers from a labour supplier and with respect to training; information on the risks; cooperation and coordination of safety management with other employers; controlling contractors; risk assessment; particular responsibilities; key questions to all employers. Relevant legislation is included in an appendix.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2002. iv, 28p. 29 ref. Price: GBP 9.50.

CIS 02-1587 Serious accidents: Complex management
Accident grave: une gestion délicate [in French]
In 1999 in France, there were 717 occupational fatalities and more than 45,000 occupational accidents resulting in permanent invalidity. This special feature on serious accidents is aimed at all persons who may be faced with managing an emergency caused by an accident. Contents: role of occupational physicians, first-aid workers, workers' representatives and delegates of the French organization for occupational safety and health in the construction industry (Organisme professionnel de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics - OPPBTP); file to be compiled by employers following serious occupational accidents; sharing of the costs of occupational accidents and diseases; legal responsibilities of employers; case where the victims are temporary workers; rules to follow in the event of a serious accident.
Prévention BTP, Feb. 2002, No.38, p.49-57. Illus.

CIS 02-1751 Miñarro Yanini M.
Prevention of occupational hazards in temporary work, temporary work agencies and in contracts and subcontracts
La prevención de riesgos laborales en la contratación temporal, empresas de trabajo temporal y contratas y subcontratas [in Spanish]
This publication contains a detailed analysis of the specific hazards to which the following three categories of workers are exposed: temporary workers in general; temporary workers placed by temporary work agencies and workers employed by contractors or subcontractors. It also includes the legal framework for occupational safety and health applicable to these categories of workers. It analyses the current legal situation in Spain with respect to this type of work, identifying gaps in legislation. The European legal framework and relevant ILO conventions and recommendations are also reviewed.
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, c/Torrelaguna 73, 28027 Madrid, Spain, 2002. 699p. Approx. 800 ref. Price: EUR: 36.06.

CIS 02-751 Blasco Mayor A.
New forms of work organization resulting from the decentralization of production. Consequences on occupational safety and health
Las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo derivadas de la decentralización productiva. Incidencia en la seguridad y la salud de los trabajadores [in Spanish]
New forms of work organization, in particular the decentralization of production and associated cost-reduction policies have consequences for working conditions. These changes in work organization, characterized by outsourcing of tasks (having recourse to tele-workers, subcontractors and temporary workers) and a decentralization of production sites can have consequences for workers' safety and health. This article reviews the responsibilities of employers with respect to occupational safety and health in the context of these new forms of work organization and highlights the gaps in legislation which need to be filled.
Prevención, trabajo y salud, 2002, No.18, p.27-38. Illus.

CIS 02-635 The changing world of work - Trends and implications for occupational safety and health in the European Union
Le monde du travail en mutation - Tendances et implications pour la sécurité et la santé du travail dans l'Union européenne [in French]
Cambios en el mundo del trabajo - Tendencias e implicaciones para la seguridad y la salud del trabajo en la Unión Europea [in Spanish]
To better respond to competitive pressures, companies are looking for greater flexibility to respond rapidly to peak production demands and seasonal variations while at the same time controlling labour costs. This has given rise to new working practices such as "just-in-time" production and the employment of temporary workers and workers under short, fixed-term contracts. This information sheet addresses the following issues relating to the changing world of work: changes in the characteristics of organizations; changes in working time and employment contracts; changes in work organization; use of information and communication technology; changes in the composition of the workforce, with a growing percentage of women and older workers.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2002. 12p. Illus. 15 ref.
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/forum/5/en/Forum5_en.pdf [in English]
http://agency.osha.eu.int/publications/forum/5/fr/Forum5_fr.pdf [in French]

2001

CIS 02-1739 Nola A., Cattaneo G., Maiocchi A., Gariboldi C., Rocchi R., Cavallaro S., Loreto B., Lanfredini L., Bassino P.
Occupational accidents among temporary workers
Il fenomeno infortunistico nel lavoro interinale [in Italian]
Sixteen temporary work agencies in Italy that employed more than 250,000 manual workers in 2000 supplied data regarding 5259 accidents. The average accident age was 27.8 years and the main causes were work tools (51.5%); 76% of the accidents affected unskilled workers. Evidence is thus provided that temporary work is associated with an increased risk of occupational accidents.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 2001, Vol.92, No.4, p.281-285. 5 ref.

CIS 02-1480
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Working conditions in atypical work
Conditions de travail dans le cadre du travail atypique [in French]
French version of the English document analysed under CIS 02-474. Atypical work is defined as non-permanent work, part-time work and forms of work other than full-time employment with a permanent contract. Using data from the Third European Survey on Working Conditions 2000 (see CIS 02-476), a very diverse situation was observed in the European Union, with large differences between and within countries concerning the distribution of different forms of atypical work, the way such work is divided between sectors, the legal frameworks and monitoring mechanisms governing this type of employment. There are important differences between permanent and non-permanent employees in aspects such as control over working time, skills-matching and training provision. Contents: implications for working conditions and employment conditions; health problems and outcomes; situation of temporary agency workers; discussion of results.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2895 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2001. 8p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 02-1020 Calado Correia M.
Social directives [Portugal]
Directivas sociais [in Portuguese]
Collection of decree-laws and regulations transposing European directives in the following areas of occupational safety and health: workers' safety and health; work premises; work equipment; personal protective equipment; manual handling of loads; work stations with VDT screens; carcinogens; biological agents; safety signalling; pregnant women; underground and surface mines; work on board fishing vessels; temporary work or work under short-term contracts; young workers; lead and its inorganic compounds; vinyl chloride monomer; asbestos; threshold limit values; noise; chemicals.
Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, May 2001. 32p.

CIS 02-1289 The construction industry in the twenty-first century: Its image, employment prospects and skill requirements
L'industrie de la construction au XXIe siècle: image de marque, perspectives d'emploi et qualifications professionnelles [in French]
La industria de la construcción en el siglo XXI: su imagen, perspectivas de empleo y necesidades en materia de calificaciones [in Spanish]
The theme of this report is the changing employment relationships and industrial structures in the construction industry and the impact of these changes on the quality of employment in the industry. Contents: global construction output and employment statistics; recent changes in employment relationships and industrial structure; implications of changes in the employment relationship; future developments; points for further discussion, including how to encourage dialogue between social partners, collaboration between governments and employers' and workers' organizations in providing training to meet future skill requirements, promoting safe work practices and priority areas for ILO action.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2001. iv, 68p. Illus. 96 ref. Price: CHF 15.00.

CIS 02-1287 Myers J.R.
Injuries among farm workers the United States 1995
This report presents statistical data from the 1995 US national Traumatic Injury Surveillance of Farmers Project. Data include injury estimates by type of farm, status of worker, sex, age group, race and source of injury at the national and regional level, along with injury estimates for each State. An estimated total of 195,825 lost-time work injuries occurred (incidence rate 6.8 injuries/100 full-time workers). The highest injury rates were associated with specialty livestock operations followed by cash grain operations, nursery operations and field crop operations. The leading causes of injuries were machinery (excluding tractors), followed by livestock, working surfaces and tractors.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, May 2001. viii, 338p. 6 ref.

CIS 02-1300
Health and Safety Executive
Health and safety for waiting staff
This information sheet is aimed at employers in the catering industry and contains practical advice on how to reduce safety and health risks associated with waiting work. Contents include: employer's responsibilities; applicability of the guidance to temporary staff; special considerations relating to one-time venues or events; comprehensive check-list for briefing staff and for use as a reminder of good practice.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Aug. 2001. 4p. 4 ref.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/cais20.pdf [in English]

CIS 02-640 A new impetus for community occupational health policy
Pour une relance de la politique communautaire en santé au travail [in French]
French version of the English document analysed as CIS 01-1668. In view of what is perceived to be worsening working conditions for many groups of workers leading to musculoskeletal disorders, stress, burnout and a high accident rate among temporary workers, this report advocates more involvement on the part of the European Union in monitoring working conditions, assessing the compliance with Directives at the Member State level, ensuring the harmonization of safety and health legislation and defining policies. This discussion paper proposes a framework for community-level action aimed at improving occupational safety and health.
European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), 5 bd du Roi Albert II, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 2001. 50p.

CIS 02-646 Nylén L., Voss M., Floderus B.
Mortality among women and men relative to unemployment, part time work, overtime work, and extra work: A study based on data from the Swedish twin registry
A subcohort of the Swedish twin registry born between 1926-58 was studied. Data were based on a postal questionnaire of 1973 and on information from the Swedish Causes of Death Registry. All subjects reporting a main occupation were selected, 9500 women and 11,132 men, and mortality from all causes during 1973-96 was analysed. Unemployment in 1973 among both women and men showed an association with increased mortality. The adjusted relative risk (RR) was 1.98 for women and 1.43 for men. For the first 5 years of follow up, a threefold increase in risk was found for men (RR 3.29). The RR declined by time, but remained increased throughout the 24 year study period. In women, overtime work of more than 5 hours a week was followed by an increased mortality rate (RR 1.92). A protective effect of moderate overtime work of a maximum 5 hours a week was shown for men (RR 0.58), whereas an increased mortality was indicated for part time work (RR 1.58) and extra work (work outside employment) of more than 5 hours a week (RR 1.29).
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2001, Vol.58, No.1, p.52-57. Illus. 27 ref.

CIS 02-474
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Working conditions in atypical work
Atypical work is defined as non-permanent work, part-time work and forms of work other than full-time employment with a permanent contract. Using data from the Third European Survey on Working Conditions 2000 (see CIS 02-476), a very diverse situation was observed in the European Union, with large differences between and within countries concerning the distribution of different forms of atypical work, the way such work is divided between sectors, the legal frameworks and monitoring mechanisms governing this type of employment. There are important differences between permanent and non-permanent employees in aspects such as control over working time, skills-matching and training provision. Contents: implications for working conditions and employment conditions; health problems and outcomes; situation of temporary agency workers; discussion of results.
Office for official publications of the European Communities, 2895 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2001. 8p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 02-471 Fagan C., Warren T.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Gender, employment and working time preferences in Europe
During 1998, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions carried out a major survey on Employment Options of the Future across the 15 EU Member States and Norway. It involved over 30,000 telephone interviews with people aged between 16 and 64 years. The survey examined the questions of persons wanting to work, when and why. This leaflet summarizes the main findings of the survey concerning men's and women's preferences with respect to the number of hours they work per week. Contents: adjustments to weekly working hours; children and care responsibilities; country differences; occupational and professional status; overtime, sabbaticals and part-time work; discussion of results.
Office for official publications of the European Communities, 2895 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 2001. 8p. Illus.

CIS 02-450 Engkvist I.L., Kjellberg A., Wigaeus H.E., Hagberg M., Menckel E., Ekenvall L.
Back injuries among nursing personnel - Identification of work conditions with cluster analysis
The aim of this study was to identify working conditions that are typical for nursing personnel and relevant for the risk of back injuries, and to analyse how individual characteristics contribute to the risk of injuries in these situations. Six well-defined clusters were identified by cluster analysis. Two clusters had an over-representation of injuries and they were characterised by a combination of full-time work, work on a rolling schedule, regular patient transfers and a high proportion of assistant nurses. In the three clusters with a lower proportion of injuries, the nurses worked part-time. In the cluster with the lowest rate of injuries, there were no regular patient transfers. The decreased risk of injury may thus be a joint effect of fewer working hours, fixed working schedule and less patient handling.
Safety Science, Feb. 2001, Vol.37, No.1, p.1-18. 36 ref.

CIS 02-258 Le Roy A.
Temporary work [France]
Le travail temporaire [France] [in French]
Synthesis of safety and hygiene regulations applicable to temporary workers. Contents: principle of equality of treatment between temporary and permanent workers in the fields of hygiene, occupational safety and health, access to collective equipment and to occupational health services; prohibited work; safety training; compensation of occupational accidents and diseases.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris cedex 14, France, 2001. 36p.

CIS 01-1668 A new impetus for community occupational health policy
In view of what is perceived to be worsening working conditions for many groups of workers leading to musculoskeletal disorders, stress, burnout and a high accident rate among temporary workers, this report advocates more involvement on the part of the European Union in monitoring working conditions, assessing the compliance with Directives at the Member State level, ensuring the harmonization of safety and health legislation and defining policies. This discussion paper proposes a framework for community-level action aimed at improving occupational safety and health.
European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), 5 bd du Roi Albert II, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium, June 2001. 44p.

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