OSH in developing countries - 399 entries found

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1992

CIS 93-1143 Training manual on safety, health and welfare on construction sites
Dalīlu tadrīb ⁽ala s-salāmati wa s-sihhati wa r-ri⁽āya fi mawāqi⁽i l-binā' [in Arabic]
Translation of a training manual originally abstracted under CIS 91-419. Contents: site planning and layout; excavations; scaffolding and ladders; hazardous processes (roof work, steel erection, work over water, demolition, confined spaces); vehicles; movement of materials; working positions, tools and equipment; working environment (chemical substances, noise and vibration, lighting, exposure to heat and cold); personal protective equipment; welfare facilities; organisation of safety, health and working conditions (safety management, outside agencies, first aid, fire precautions). In appendices: construction training material check list; glossary of terms used; text of ILO Convention No.167 concerning safety and health in construction (1988); proposed guidelines for safety, health and welfare on construction sites, produced for the ILO/UNDP Regional Project in Asia and the Pacific RAS/86/072.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1992. 212p. Illus.

CIS 93-843 Lehtinen S., Rantanen J.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Occupational Health Practices
Special issue on occupational health services (OHS) in Africa, reproducing the papers presented at the International Symposium on Occupational Health Services held at Marangu, Moshi, Tanzania, 3-6 Mar. 1992. The papers concern: information and initiative in OSH in Tanzania (Lukindo J.K.); principles of OHS and surveillance of the work environment (Rantanen J.); obstacles to the development of OHS in developing countries (Mwaniki N.K.); ergonomic practices in OHS systems (Takala E.P.); occupational hygiene (Muchiri F.K.); occupational accidents in Tanzania (Monyo R.A.); pre-employment health examinations (Sakari W.D.O.); periodic health examinations in Uganda (Sekimpi D.K.); general health surveillance of workers in Uganda (Sekimpi D.K.); role of the Factories Inspectorate in Zanzibar (Khamis M.M.); role of the national trade union in promoting OHS in Tanzania (Mwambuma J.V.); industrial first aid in Tanzania (Mwakajinga M.); rehabilitation in Tanzania (Matchaba R.B.); diagnosis and treatment of general diseases in OHS practice (Sekimpi D.K.); organisation of plant-level collaboration for workplace actions (Rantanen J.); OHS in Moshi/Arusha, Tanzania (Shayo F.A.); role of Ministry of Health in OHS in Tanzania (Munale B.J.); employers' view on OHS in Tanzania (Sangerama S.J.L.). In annex: workshop reports (construction, agriculture, small battery plants, textiles).
African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1992, Vol.2, Suppl.2, ii, 131p. Bibl.ref. Indexes.

CIS 93-781 Davis W., Vainio H.
Occupational cancer
Special issue devoted to occupational cancer in Africa. It reproduces some of the papers presented at the International Course on Detection of Health Hazards in Human Populations Exposed to Chemical Mutagens and Carcinogens held in Harare (Zimbabwe), 9-20 Sep. 1991. The papers concern: public health in Africa - from infectious diseases to cancer prevention (Vainio H., Matos E.); limitations of the epidemiology of cancer in Africa (Jack A.D.); importance of cancer registries in Africa for cancer surveillance (Jack A.D.); occupational hazards and reproduction (Lindbohm M.L., Hemminki K.); causes, mechanisms and prevention of environmentally-induced cancers (Weinstein I.B., Groopman J.D.); hereditary factors in human cancers (Sylla B.S.); chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and sister chromatid exchanges in cytogenic surveillance (Anwar W.A.); viruses and human cancer in Africa (Jack A.D.); mycotoxins (Nyathi C.B., Dube N., Hasler J.A.); molecular approaches to epidemiological studies of aflatoxin and hepatocellular carcinoma (Wild C.P.); interactions between schistosomiasis and carcinogenesis (Hasler J.A., Naik Y.S., Nyathi C.B.). In annex: list of faculty; list of participants.
African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1992, Vol.2, Suppl.1, i, 75p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 93-956 Integrated international safety guidelines for pesticide formulation in developing countries
These guidelines are intended for industries and governments, and address problems of safety, health and the environment that may arise in the formulation of pesticides. Issues associated with the formulation of pesticides in developing countries are summarised along with the hazards of various formulations. The guidelines are presented in sections dealing with operational, occupational, environmental and managerial issues, and the roles of government and industry.
United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), Vienna, Austria, 1992. 72p. 25 ref.

CIS 93-519 LaDou J.
The export of hazardous industries to newly industrialized countries
The majority of investment in manufacturing industries in newly industrialised countries comes from foreign companies or investors. This vital source of new jobs and capital for the development of infrastructure brings with it some very significant long-term costs in environmental remediation and workers' compensation insurance that are seldom discussed with candour. These costs may be considered a necessary step on the road to industrialisation by many developing countries. But the long-term costs may be high enough to sustain the relative poverty of the country. Moreover, the absence of value added in the process of manufacturing may insure the continued economic dependence on foreign interests. The inadequacy of international environmental law is presently of concern to only a few important organisations, but the extent of environmental degradation in many newly industrialised countries warrant far more effort at regulation and enforcement. The high levels of worker fatalities and injuries in developing countries necessitate international cooperation and health and safety programme development.
Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1992, Vol.5, No.3, p.223-226. 14 ref.

CIS 92-1276 Expert group meeting to develop integrated international safety guidelines for pesticide formulation in developing countries
Proceedings of an expert group meeting to develop integrated international safety guidelines for pesticide formulation in developing countries held in Brussels, Belgium, 24 February-6 March 1992. Topics covered: UNIDO's activities in industrial safety and environmental protection and objectives of this meeting; safety issues of the formulation of pesticides in developing countries; explosion hazards related to particle reduction with special relevance to pesticide formulation; fire hazards and hazard ranking; good manufacturing practice; stewardship in the safe storage of agrochemicals; electrostatic hazards in industry; responsible care; legislation aspects in developing countries; monitoring health effects of pesticides; effluent treatment technologies in pesticide formulation; environmental issues in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Hungary.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Wien International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Wien, Austria, 1992. 219p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 92-799
International Labour Office (ILO)
Three every second
Training video on safety in building construction in an African context, concentrating on: falls of persons; falling materials and objects; transport and mobile plant.
African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC), P.O. Box 6097, Harare, Zimbabwe, 1992. Videocassette (PAL). Length: 20min. Price: USD 100.00.

CIS 92-792 Jeyaratnam J.
Occupational health in developing countries
This book provides coverage of the full range of issues related to occupational health in developing countries. It is an essential source of reference for all occupational health professionals, from academics and physicians to nurses and hygienists. Contents: section A - organisation of occupational health services (in developing nations in general, for agricultural workers, for small-scale industries; economics of such services); section B - technology for occupational health (hygiene, epidemiology and ergonomics in developing countries); section C - special occupational health issues (pesticides, heat, lung diseases, migrant workers, accidents, environmental standards at the workplace); section D - education, training and research (health-promotion at the workplace, sources of information, education and research policies and needs).
Oxford University Press, Saxon Way West, Corby NN18 9ES, United Kingdom, 1992. xx, 499p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: GBP 15.00.

1991

CIS 94-615 Igbedioh S.O.
Effects of agricultural pesticides on humans, animals and higher plants in developing countries
Undesirable side effects that result from the indiscriminate use of agricultural pesticides in developing countries are widespread. This has captured the attention of health workers, governments, and environmental protection agencies. In fact, the potential health effects of long-term exposure to humans, animals, and higher plants are of great concern. This study examines the effects of agricultural pesticides on such living forms and explores modes of action, and presents strategies to minimize the deleterious effects of pesticides to living forms in developing countries.
Archives of Environmental Health, July/Aug. 1991, Vol.46, No.4, p.218-224. 52 ref.

CIS 93-1651 Marco G.J., Hollingworth R.M., Plimmer J.R.
Regulation of agrochemicals - A driving force in their evolution
Collected symposium papers reviewing the history of pesticide regulation in the USA and elsewhere. This regulation has clearly influenced the use of known products and the development of new ones. Specific articles cover pesticide regulation in Europe and in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Division, 1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington D.C. 20036, USA, 1991. xvi, 188p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 93-1243 Teachers in developing countries - A survey of employment conditions
This survey of teachers in developing countries includes sections on working time (hours of work, workload, annual and other types of leave), and material conditions and the working environment (health and safety standards in schools, stress and attendant health problems, medical services, school buildings and equipment). Other topics discussed include: statistics; the teaching career; disciplinary procedures; labour relations; remuneration; female teachers; private sector teachers.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1991. viii, 167p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 22.50.

CIS 93-842 Occupational health services
Special issue devoted for the most part to occupational health services (OHS) in Africa. Articles concern: primary health care approach in OHS (Jeyaratnam J.); experience in organising OHS in enterprises in Africa (Alli B.O.); training in OHS in developing countries (Sakari W.D.O.); health and safety in agriculture - the Mauritius sugar cane industry (Phoolchund H.); OHS as a tool for workers' better health (Rantanen J., Lehtinen S.); workers' activities in Zimbabwe (Loewenson R.); occupational health and safety in Namibia (Muteka G.T.); strengthening of the Factories Inspectorate in Lesotho (Matooane B.M., Jonathan P.C.); OHS in Ethiopia (Seblework D.); training in occupational health in Singapore (at the National University of Singapore, involving, among others, African students); role of regulations in helping substandard companies (Saari J.).
African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Dec. 1991, Vol.1, No.3, 40p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 92-806 Agricultural chemicals through pictures
Los agrotóxicos en cifras [in Spanish]
Illustrated propaganda booklet aimed at agricultural workers exposed to pesticides. It encourages replacement by organic, non-toxic substances rather than the use of protective equipment.
Centro de Investigación y Apoyo Cultural (CIAC), Calle Sánchez No.254, Zona Colonial, Z-1, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1991. 2 vols. (32+36p.) Illus.

CIS 92-435 Proceedings of the East African Regional Symposium on National Strategies for Preventing Occupational Health and Safety Hazards
Proceedings of a symposium held in Harare, Zimbabwe, 3-6 December, 1990. Topics covered: international aspects (ILO instruments for prevention of occupational health and safety hazards; implementation of international guidelines in developing countries; risk assessment of chemical hazards and the work of the IPCS; activities of FINNIDA); general overview of national strategies, occupational health services, training, regulations and control; control of specific hazards (eliminating harmful physical strain; chemical safety; noise abatement; prevention of dust exposure; pesticide hazards; psychological stress); activities in individual countries and industries (impact of the East African Regional Programme on Occupational Health and Safety; mobile clinics; the role of research; monitoring blood-lead levels; assessing heat stress; plant inspection).
East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Suppl. 1/1991, p.1-127. Bibl.ref.

CIS 92-527 Partanen T., Kurppa K., Ngowi V.F.
Occupational pesticide hazards in developing countries - Epidemiological considerations
A review of the literature on epidemiological studies of pesticide hazards. Examples are given of studies covering: assessment of exposure and response; symptoms characteristic of pesticide poisoning; impact assessment and successful prevention programmes. A table shows prevalences of selected symptoms related to exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in different populations. It is considered that in developing countries, the assessment of the frequency and intensity of acute ill health caused by pesticides is of paramount importance in the planning and implementation of successful prevention programmes.
East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Sep. 1991, Vol.1, No.2, p.46-51. Illus. 56 ref.

CIS 92-526 Sekimpi D.K.
The role of OHS in safe use of pesticides, particularly in developing countries
A discussion of the role of occupational health services (OHS) during the development, manufacture, transportation, use and disposal of pesticides. Aspects covered include: provision of toxicological data by pesticide developers; provision of health education, environmental and biological monitoring and personal protection for factory workers; controls on the transportation and storage of pesticides; safe methods of pesticide use; the role of legislation, standards and education.
East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Sep. 1991, Vol.1, No.2, p.40-41. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 92-169 Berger L.R., Belsey M., Shah P.M.
Medical aspects of child labor in developing countries
This editorial discusses the chemical, biological, physical and psychosocial hazards to which working children in developing countries are exposed. It also focuses on the role which the medical sector can play in the raising of national awareness of the enforcement of laws prohibiting child labour in especially hazardous occupations and of the improvement of living and working conditions for children in less dangerous occupations through medical, nutritional, educational, and social support programmes.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1991, Vol.19, No.6, p.697-699. 4 ref.

CIS 92-73 Partanen T., Kurppa K.
Epidemiologic strategies and methods in occupational health and safety with special emphasis on developing countries
This supplement is based on the training notes prepared for the course entitled Principles and Practices of Occupational Health Surveys held in Harare, Zimbabwe, 19-30 November 1990. Contents: uses of epidemiology in occupational health and safety; definitions of surveys and studies in epidemiology; essential qualities of epidemiologic research in occupational health; survey in an East African cotton mill; the study protocol; background and motivation for the study; objectives; source populations, exposure situations and study groups; time reference; study design; health outcomes and exposure and selection of indicators; data files and forms; data management and analysis; reporting the survey; practical considerations and scheduling the tasks.
East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1991, Supp.3, p.1-42. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 91-2069 Occupational diseases affecting persons who work in contact with animals and their products and wastes
Al-amrāḍ ul-mihniyya allati tasaadifu ladaa l-aškhaas allathiina yu⁽amaluun bi tamaass ma⁽a l-hayawaanaat wa muntajaatiha wa fadlaatiha [in Arabic]
Review emphasising the infectious diseases associated with animal husbandry. The diseases, the causative organisms, routes of infection and preventive measures are mentioned.
Arab Labour Office, Arab Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, P.O. Box 5770, Damascus, Syria, 1991. 34p.

CIS 91-1914 Ong C.
Ergonomics, technology transfer and developing countries
This paper discusses some of the problems faced by developing countries in the introduction of new technology. Topics discussed include: human resources and economic factors; cultural considerations and adjustment to the techniques and disciplines associated with mechanised workplaces; coping with new technology; matching technology with users; workplace characteristics and working environment; education as an agent for change. It is concluded that ergonomists in developing countries could provide assistance in making appropriate technology choices, and ergonomists in the industrialised nations could provide input at the planning and implementation stages.
Ergonomics, June 1991, Vol.34, No.6, p.799-814. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 91-1810 Leino T.
African Regional Labour Administration Centre (ARLAC)
Factory inspection: selected technical papers
This joint ILO/ARLAC publication comprises selected technical papers on labour inspection presented at three training courses organised at the African Regional Labour Administration Centre (Harare, Zimbabwe) during 1988-90 under a Regional Factory Inspection Training Project executed by the ILO and funded by the Government of Finland. The book provides coverage of main topics related to factory inspection: labour administration and factory inspection; systematic approaches to factory inspection; machine safety; materials handling; industrial hygiene. Thirty one annexes including various documents concerning the procedure of factory inspection complete this book makint it a comprehensive reference and valuable training material.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1991. iii, 145p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Annexes.

CIS 91-1536 Phoolchund H.N.
Aspects of occupational health in the sugar cane industry
Workers in developing countries face as many, if not more, work-related health problems as their counterparts in industrialised nations. This paper concentrates on occupational health problems in the sugar industry, which exists in 40 countries, mostly in the Third World. Sugar cane workers have a high level of occupational accidents and are exposed to the high toxicity of pesticides. They may also have an increased risk of lung cancer, possibly mesothelioma. Bagassosis is also a problem specific to the industry as it may follow exposure to bagasse (a by-product of sugar cane). The workers may also be affected by chronic infections which reduce their productivity. The legal framework for their protection is often inadequate. In conclusion, areas of future research are suggested.
Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Autumn 1991, Vol.41, No.3, p.133-136. 40 ref.

CIS 91-1512
Asia and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA)
ARPLA in 1990
This ILO publication describes structure and activities of its Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration in 1990. Contents: main activities; important developments in the region; missions in 19 countries; main activities - standard-setting, research, training courses, fellowships, information and documentation services, advisory services, publications, meetings, seminars, symposia, workshops, participation in programmes of international, non-governmental, intergovernmental, workers' and employers' organisations; participation in interdisciplinary activities - interdisciplinary programmes, structural adjustment, tripartism, technical co-operation among developing countries, informal sector, rural development, women and young workers, child workers, migrant workers; administration and funding resources; technical co-operation units and outputs, achievements.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1991. v, 47p.

CIS 91-904 Forget G.
Pesticides and the third world
This paper explores some of the issues concerned with pesticide intoxication in the Third World and suggests some avenues of research likely to reduce the risk faced by exposed populations. The characteristics of several classes of pesticide are reviewed (organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, herbicides, organochlorinated pesticides, pyrethroids, botanical pesticides) along with reported health effects and results of toxicity studies. Legal aspects are also discussed along with application technologies, surveillance programmes and community participation, and risk factors related to the tropical climate.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Jan. 1991, Vol.32, No.1, p.11-31. Illus. Bibl.ref.

1990

CIS 94-655
Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional
Research into pesticide poisoning among agricultural labourers
Investigación sobre intoxicación de trabajadores agrícolas por plaguicidas [in Spanish]
In-depth study of the problem of pesticide poisoning in a developing country like Bolivia. After a survey of demographic, political, economic and health conditions in the country, the book describes the parameters of the study (extent of pesticide use in Bolivia, conditions of their use, epidemiology of poisoning, training and information of workers, methods for evaluating changes in cholinesterase activity and cellular damage in exposed workers, sample selection). Main problems encountered: low level of education and training among agricultural labourers; little use of protective equipment; unsafe storage and preparation practices; exposure of minors to pesticides; high risk of intoxication, as shown by lowered cholinesterase activity and incidence of cellular damage. Recommendations are made for an improvement of the situation. In annex: list of the principal pesticides used in Bolivia (with LD₅₀ and type noted); result of water quality assessments in various localities; list of prohibited pesticides in Bolivia; results of cytogenetic tests on the sample population.
Ministerio de Previsión Social y Salud Pública, La Paz, Bolivia, 1990. 160p. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 92-1639 Chester G., Adam A.V., Inkmann Koch A., Litchfield M.H., Tuinman C.P.
Field evaluation of protective equipment for pesticide operators in a tropical climate
In order to extend the practical advice and information on personal protection when using pesticides in tropical climates, a GIFAP-FAO Working Group carried out a study on protective equipment worn by pesticide workers in hot and humid conditions in Thailand. Items assessed included protective garments worn by workers mixing and loading the organophosphorus insecticide formulation Tamaron and by spraymen applying the diluted formulation for several hours per day to a cotton crop with knapsack sprayers. The mixer-loaders also wore nitrile rubber gloves and a faceshield. The protective garments were made up of two pieces, an upper garment of a double apron design and separate trousers. Garments made up of different materials were assessed for their acceptability to the workers, their comfort and durability and their protectiveness against the insecticide. As a result of the study, it is considered that cotton protective garments are appropriate for pesticide workers in these conditions if additional protection is necessary. The nitrile rubber gloves and faceshield were also found to be suitable for mixer-loaders in these circumstances. It is emphasised that the effective use of protective equipment must go hand in hand with safe handling precautions and the adoption of good personal hygiene.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1990, Vol.81, No.6, p.480-488. 3 ref.

CIS 92-1637 Van Sittert N.J., Dumas E.P.
Field study on exposure and health effects of an organophosphate pesticide for maintaining registration in the Philippines
Exposure of 21 pesticide sprayers in the Philippines to monocrotophos (also known as azodrin, an organophosphorus pesticide) was evaluated over a 3-day period. Although ample evidence of exposure (dermal and oral) was found, and plasma cholinesterase levels in eight of the sprayers were below 50% of baseline values, there was no evidence of adverse health effects in any of the sprayers, and there were no cases of clinically significant inhibition of whole blood or red blood cell cholinesterase activity. The importance of proper spraying technique and adequate use of personal protective equipment is emphasised.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1990, Vol.81, No.6, p.463-473. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 92-1636 Ambridge E.M., Haines I.H., Lambert M.R.K.
Operator contamination during pesticide application to tropical crops
Investigations to determine dermal contamination of rural farmers during pesticide application to tropical crops are described. Contamination patterns and levels vary according to crop type and height, and application method. Non-toxic model pesticides and tracer dyes were applied to rice, vegetable, mango, cotton and coffee crops in the Philippines, Thailand, Tanzania and Malawi, using knapsack and ULV spinning disc sprayers. Tracer dye falling on the operator during application was measured for each type of crop sprayed. Mean gross dermal deposits of dye were: rice 97mg/h; mango 257mg/h; vegetables 103mg/h; cotton 220mg/h; coffee 95mg/h. The implications of these gross dermal deposit figures in relation to pesticide contamination and hazard are discussed.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1990, Vol.81, No.6, p.457-462. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 92-871 Nguewou Z.
Occupational medicine in Cameroon - Problems associated with workmen's compensation
Médecine du travail au Cameroun - Problèmes de réparation des préjudices corporels [in French]
Contents of this book on problems associated with workmen's compensation in Cameroon: I - Historical survey. II - Problems respecting compensation of occupational accidents and diseases. III - Future of occupational medicine and accident prevention in Cameroon. Appendix: Main OSH laws: Law of 13 July 1977 concerning compensation for and prevention of industrial accidents and occupational diseases, including the schedule of occupational diseases (see CIS 79-2096); Law of 18 Nov. 1968 pertaining to the organisation of the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases and comments on Law of 23 Dec. 1982 pertaining to OSH committees.
Editions Sopecam, BP 1218, Yaoundé, Cameroon, 1990. 248p. Illus. 50 ref.

CIS 92-147 Suzuki T., Ohtsuka R.
Proceedings of the international symposium: Health impact of rapid industrialization and urbanization in Asia and the Pacific and its public health activities
Texts of papers presented at a symposium organised by the University of Tokyo School of Health Sciences and co-sponsored by the Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health and the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. The dates of the meeting are not given. Occupationally relevant articles: health impact of rapid development of township industry in China; industrial hygiene in Korea; health and socio-economic development in Singapore - impact of rapid industrialisation and occupational health activities; public health activities and health impact of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in Thailand. Twelve other articles concentrate on public health or environmental issues.
Journal of Human Ergology, Dec. 1990, Vol.19, No.2, p.99-251. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 91-1887 Chronic and endemic diseases in the Arab States and their effect on the Arab work force
Al-amraadu l-muzmina wa l-mustautina fii l-watani l-⁽arabiyy wa 'atharuha ⁽ala l-quwani l-⁽aamilati l-⁽arabiiya [in Arabic]
Part 1: responses to an ALO questionnaire from Jordan, Bahrain, Qatar, Syria (separate government and trade union replies) and Iraq; statistics for 1989 or 1990 on 17 diseases. Part 2: discussion in relation to other Arab States (statistics for various years); preventive measures.
Arab Labour Office, Arab Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, P.O. Box 5770, Damascus, Syria, 1990. 150p. Illus.

CIS 91-1903 Occupational health and safety of workers in the petroleum sector in the Arab States
As-sihha wa s-salaamatu l-mihniiya li l-⁽aamaliin fii qitaa⁽i n-naft fii l-watani l-⁽arabiyy [in Arabic]
Part 1: responses to an ALO questionnaire from Bahrain, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria (separate government and trade union replies) and Yemen. Topics: national legislation, occupational health services, surveillance of the work environment, accident prevention, training and propaganda, directives and other publications, results of the questionnaire, conclusions. Part 2: discussion of the results for various operations (drilling, transportation, etc.); typical hazards and occupational diseases; preventive measures; environmental issues.
Arab Labour Office, Arab Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, P.O. Box 5770, Damascus, Syria, 1990. 200p.

CIS 91-1847 Proceedings of the East African Regional Symposium on Regulations and Control in Occupational Health and Safety, Zanzibar, Tanzania, 4-7 Dec. 1989
Topics covered at this conference: overview of the use of standards in occupational safety and health (OSH) (ILO strategies for international standards in OSH; standards as a tool of OSH policy; collaboration in standard setting); infrastructures and regulations in Tanzania and Uganda; standards and regulations for specific applications (machinery safety devices; ergonomic standards; personal protective devices; safety problems in lifting operations; standards for physical factors; assessment of heat stress); chemical safety (ILO Convention on Chemical Safety; occupational exposure limits; pesticide regulations; occupational carcinogens; exposure to lead, silica dust and residual fenitrothion); occupational health services (ILO Convention on Occupational Health Services; occupational health services in developing countries).
East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 1990, Suppl. 1, p.1-109. Bibl.ref.

CIS 91-1508 Siddiqui A.M.A.H.
Asian and Pacific Regional Centre for Labour Administration (ARPLA)
Labour laws and the working poor
This publication analyses the country studies (Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh, Thailand, Nepal) and discussions at the ILO/ARPLA Regional Seminar on Effective Implementation of Labour Laws in Small and Medium-Sized Establishments held in Pattaya, Thailand, November 1989. Contents: unorganised/unprotected workers in Asia-Pacific; categories and profile of unorganised/unprotected workers; measures to cover unorganised/unprotected workers and improve enforcement - measures to regulate employment conditions, measures to improve implementation of labour laws, strengthening labour law enforcement machinery, simplifying legal provisions, streamlining prosecution procedures and penalties, ensuring employers' compliance with labour laws, enhancing educational and information programmes, organising workers in trade unions; summary and conclusions.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1990. vi, 148p. Illus. 18 ref. Price: USD 9.00.

CIS 91-419 Jordan V.
Training manual on safety, health and welfare on construction sites: Asian Regional Edition
Contents of this training manual, aimed essentially at readers in developing countries: site planning and layout; excavations; scaffolding and ladders; hazardous processes (roof work, steel erection, work over water, demolition, confined spaces); vehicles; movement of materials; working positions, tools and equipment; working environment (chemical substances, noise and vibration, lighting, exposure to heat and cold); personal protective equipment; welfare facilities; organisation of safety, health and working conditions (safety management, outside agencies, first aid, fire precautions). In appendices: construction training material check list; glossary of terms used; text of ILO Convention 167 concerning safety and health in construction (1988); proposed guidelines for safety, health and welfare on construction sites, produced for the ILO/UNDP Regional Project in Asia and the Pacific.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1990. iii, 210p. Illus.

CIS 91-413
Joint Industrial Safety Council (Sweden)
Safety, health and working conditions
Usalama-afya na mazingira ya kazi [in Swahili]
Translation into Swahili of a training manual originally published in Sweden (see CIS 87-148). Aspects covered: safety, health and technical equipment; workplace climate, lighting and noise; chemical risks to health; ergonomics; work organisation and working time; daily activity for safety, health and working conditions.
Factories Inspectorate, Ministry of Labour, Culture and Social Services, P.O. Box 9014, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1990. 138p. Illus.

CIS 91-139
International Commission on Occupational Health: Nursing Committee
Occupational health nursing: an integral part of primary health care - Vol.2
Proceedings of the First African Regional Occupational Nursing Seminar organised by the Organisation of African Unity in co-operation with the International Commission on Occupational Health and held in Lagos, Nigeria, 15-17 Mar. 1989. Topics covered: occupational health nursing in developing countries; current trends in occupational health nursing; primary health care concept; educational issues in occupational health nursing; research in occupational health; occupational health care concept; recommendations.
The Organisation of African Unity/Scientific, Technical and Research Commission in co-operation with the International Commission on Occupational Health, NIIA Press, Lagos, Nigeria, 1990. 141p.

CIS 90-1184 Kouabenan D.R.
Occupational safety and health problems in Côte d'Ivoire. A diagnosis and some possible remedies
Les problèmes de sécurité et d'hygiène du travail en Côte d'Ivoire: diagnostic et remèdes [in French]
Analysing the findings of a survey on occupational safety and health in industrial enterprises in Côte d'Ivoire, the author observes that the regulations are rarely complied with: machines without guards, dirty and cluttered premises, unhygienic sanitary installations, careless checking of fire extinguishers, etc. The workers themselves appear at times to be concurring in the disregard of safety through ignorance, a blind trust in the reliability of their machines or sheer fatalism. Many of the employers seem to consider safety an expensive luxury in a developing country with plenty of cheap labour. Some possible remedies are proposed: more and better training and information for employers and workers, stricter state inspection, and - in the longer term - changing workers' attitudes.
International Labour Review - Revue internationale du Travail - Revista internacional del trabajo, 1990, Vol.129, No.1, p.109-119.

1989

CIS 03-227 Kiara S.K., Husman K., Kangas J., Klen T., Louhelainen K., Tupi K., Akhabuhaya J.L., Norse D., Choudhry A.W., Selema R.B., Tibone C., Lehtinen S., Bridbord K., Farlee C.
Agriculture
This issue is primarily devoted to the theme of occupational safety and health (OSH) in agriculture. Contents: occupational hazards in agriculture; use of pesticides in agriculture; population, food needs and resources in Africa; OSH training in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar; occupational health in agriculture; health care training in remote rural areas of Botswana; specific risks to women involved in agricultural activities in Botswana; mobile clinic unit in Zimbabwe; post-doctoral research positions available for African candidates at a public health research institute in the United States.
East African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 31 Dec. 1989, No.3, p.1-32 (whole issue). Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 96-1269 Guidelines for personal protection when using pesticides in hot climates
Directives pour les mesures de protection personnelle pendant l'utilisation de produits phytosanitaires sous conditions climatiques chaudes [in French]
Normas sobre las medidas de protección personal al utilizar productos fitosanitarios en climas calurosos [in Spanish]
Training brochure aimed at pesticide users in the developing world. Contents: pathways of pesticides into the body; general personal safety precautions; personal protection in hot climates; materials, design and availability of protective items.
International Group of National Associations of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products (GIFAP), ave. Louise 143, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium, Aug. 1989 (French and Spanish editions, Sep. 1990). 34p. Illus.

CIS 95-118
Bangladesh Employers' Association
Seminar on industrial safety and health: Role of management
Proceedings of a seminar on the role of management in industrial safety and health, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 15-16 Mar. 1989, and jointly organized by the Bangladesh Employers' Association and the ILO. Main topics: causes of industrial accidents and their prevention; needs for occupational health services; handling and disposal of toxic chemicals and wastes in industries.
ILO Area Office, International Labour Organization, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1989. ii, 89p.

CIS 94-1908 Kogi K., Phoon W.O., Thurman J.E.
Low-cost ways of improving working conditions: 100 examples from Asia
A series of case studies illustrates low-cost improvements in conditions of work and occupational safety and health. They are grouped under the following headings: work organization and workstation design (materials handling, housekeeping, storage, access to work locations, job content, work schedules); the physical working environment (lighting, heat, noise, handling, use and storage of hazardous substances, guards and other safety devices, safe working procedures); welfare facilities for workers (sanitary facilities, provision of beverages and meals, recreation, child care and transport facilities).
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2nd ed. 1989. v, 179p. Illus. Price: CHF 12.50.

CIS 91-1569 Still so far to go: Child labour in the world today
Encore beaucoup à faire ... Le travail des enfants dans le monde aujourd'hui [in French]
This special report of the International Labour Office published on the occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of the International Year of the Child examines how far the world has come in the global combat against child labour and how far it still needs to go. The report looks at how governments and voluntary groups in various countries have responded to the problem, through legislation and effective enforcement, as well as through pragmatic new approaches, which include the provision of education and training, or protected income-earning opportunities for working children. Abstracts of ILO publications on child labour are appended.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. xi, 60p. Illus. Annex.

CIS 91-411 Castro Carrasco M.E.
Occupational health - Hazards at work and their prevention
Salud ocupacional - Riesgos del trabajo y su prevención [in Spanish]
Textbook on occupational health, covering: general hazards of the workplace; physical hazards (radiations, atmospheric pressure, abnormal temperatures, lighting conditions, noise and vibration); biological hazards (viral, bacterial and fungal infections; insect bites; common occupational diseases); chemical hazards (paths of entry into the organism; toxic mechanisms; dust and pneumoconiosis; carcinogens); psychological hazards (fatigue and stress). In annex: special occupational hazards in hospitals; the future of occupational medicine in Ecuador; silicosis among Ecuadorian gold miners; list of OSH instruments adopted by the ILO, 1919-1986; full text of ILO Conventions 155 and 161 concerning OSH and the working environment, and occupational health services, respectively; full text of OSH Regulations (Resolution 172, see CIS 76-1794) in effect in Ecuador; ILO and ANSI classification schemes for accidents; basic warning signs; international classification scheme for chemical contaminants in the workplace.
Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Salud Ocupacional (SESO), Casilla 7015, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1989. 230p. + annexes. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 91-482 Panerai R.B., Mohr J.P.
Health technology assessment methodologies for developing countries
This publication presents an overview of how technology assessment methodologies that were developed in industrialised countries can be applied to address priority health concerns in developing countries and what problems may hinder these assessments. It illustrates the most important methodologies and their advantages and disadvantages. Training for personnel who perform technology assessments is also considered.
Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037, USA, 1989. 109p. Illus. 164 ref.

CIS 91-168 Ong C.N.
Human ergology and technology transfer
This editorial discusses the role of human ergology as a discipline providing good insight into work physiology and occupational health in the transfer and introduction of new technology in the developing countries.
Journal of Human Ergology, Dec. 1989, Vol.18, No.2, 2 introduction pages.

CIS 91-114 Strategies for occupational accident prevention
Properties (including some abstracts only) from an international conference on strategies for occupational accident prevention in developing countries, held in Stockholm, Sweden, September 21-22, 1989. Topics covered include: general occupational health and safety conditions and strategies in various countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America; ergonomic aspects; robot engineering; explosion prevention; workers' behaviour and psychosocial factors; disaster prevention and relief; electrostatic hazards; the role of training in accident prevention; manual materials handling; agricultural accidents and health hazards; accident studies.
National Board of Occupational Safety and Health, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 104p. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 91-112 Andersson R., Hogstedt C., Lagerlöf E.
Occupational safety and health in SIDA-supported industry in Tanzania
This report presents the results of a study initiated by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). A survey of several industries in Tanzania demonstrated shortcomings in machine safety and in the storing, labelling processing and handling of chemicals. The levels of air pollutants and noise were sometimes high and personal protective equipment was generally lacking and in poor condition when available. Repetitive manual jobs found in many companies are likely to cause musculo-skeletal disorders in future. Sanitary conditions were generally poor and knowledge concerning OSH was generally low and training rudimentary. Work environment conditions in SIDA-supported industries appeared considerably better than in most comparable Tanzanian industries. A number of improvements are suggested.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1989. 41p. Illus.

CIS 90-2076 Wisner A.
Variety of physical characteristics in industrially developing countries - Ergonomic consequences
Data concerning the physical characteristics of populations obtained in 39 countries and described in 103 publications were collected. Their evaluation does not only take ethnic differences into account, but also focuses on the influence of biological, social, economic and geographical factors such as sex, age, health condition, socio-occupational background, altitude and climate. The ergonomic consequences considered affect production locations and products themselves, as well as the physical capacities of the workers.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1989, n°4, p.117-138. Illus. 103 ref.

CIS 90-1640 Batstone R., Smith J.E., Wilson D.
The safe disposal of hazardous wastes: The special needs and problems of developing countries
This 3-volume report was sponsored by the World Bank, WHO and UNEP. Topics covered include classification of hazardous wastes, health and environmental effects, planning and infrastructure of hazardous waste management systems, treatment and disposal technologies, waste minimisation. The main emphasis is on management aspects and on technologies appropriate for implementing a region-wide hazardous waste management programme. Case studies from developing countries are included together with examples of various operating systems for hazardous waste tracking and disposal, waste survey questionnaires and techniques, and landfill design and management practices.
World Bank, 1818 H Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20433, USA, 1989. 3 vols. 823p. Illus. Bibl. Also available at WHO, Genève, Switzerland, and UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya.

CIS 90-1587 Apud E., Bostrand L., Mobbs I.D., Strehlke B.
Guide-lines on ergonomic study in forestry
These guidelines were prepared for research workers in developing countries. The first section looks at human biological methods for research in ergonomics and covers: energy expenditure; physical working capacity; evaluation of heavy work, energy intake and expenditure; body size and muscular strength. The second section describes the design and application of an ergonomic checklist covering a range of conditions found in forestry. Section 3 on noise looks at effects of noise on humans, measurement and assessment of noise at work, noise control and audiometry. The fourth section describes the collection, compilation and analysis of statistics and other approaches to accident study. The final section provides a simple guide to work study methods for foresters.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 242p. Illus. Bibl.

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