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Bacterial and parasitic diseases - 1,362 entries found

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2008

CIS 09-100 Ide C.
Clean forgotten
Cleaning is generally regarded as a task carried out by women. In the United Kingdom, 84% of the 537,000 employed in cleaning are female and, about 70% work part-time. This article reviews the hazards and risks faced by cleaners, and outlines the need for proper training, maintenance of equipment and appropriate, comfortable clothing.
Safety and Health Practitioner, May 2008, Vol.26, No.5, p.55-58. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 09-197 Brasseur G., Vaudoux D.
Zoonoses - From animal to man, multiple hazards
Zoonoses - De l'animal ŕ l'homme, un risque pluriel [in French]
Zoonoses are diseases that are transmissible from animals to men. In occupational settings, risks of zoonoses exist for activities that involve contact with animals in nature or in captivity. This special feature on occupational zoonoses addresses the following topics: problems faced in proving the occupational nature of zoonoses; risks from rats and ticks in natural environments; personal protective equipment; occupational safety and health approach adopted by a French veterinary school; risks related to imported animals; risks in pet shops; protection measures for pregnant women; occupational safety and health in a Parisian zoo.
Travail et sécurité, July-Aug. 2008, No.686, p.22-35. Illus.
http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/ArchivesTS/archivests.nsf/(allDocParRef)/TS686page22_1/$File/TS686page22.pdf?OpenElement [in French]

CIS 08-1338 Copsey S., Schneider E., Holm L., Olkkonen S., Kurppa K., Danilina A., Pratt S., Lehtinen S.
Transport industry
Promyšlennost' otrasl' [in Russian]
Collection of articles on occupational safety and health in the transport sector of relevance to Russia and Nordic and Baltic countries. Contents: OSH and the transport sector; economic recovery in the transport sector in Sweden; cooperation for healthier working conditions among truck drivers in Finland; HIV/AIDS prevention in the road transport sector in Russia; global initiatives to prevent road traffic injury at work. Other topics: development of occupational health services; review of the XVIII World Congress on Safety and Health at Work (Seoul, Republic of Korea, 29 June - 2 July 2008).
Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 2008, Vol.11, No.2, p.38-63 (whole issue). Illus. 19 ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/9AE91C9E-51B5-4C54-94CA-D9D00398B490/0/Barents_2_08.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1459 FitzSimons D., François G., De Carli G., Shouval D., Prüss-Üstün A., Puro V., Williams I., Lavanchy D., De Schryver A,, Kopka A., Ncube F., Ippolito G., Van Damme P.
Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne pathogens in healthcare workers: Guidelines for prevention and management in industrialized countries
The Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board (VHPB) convened a meeting of international experts from the public and private sectors in order to review and evaluate the epidemiology of blood-borne infections in healthcare workers, to evaluate the transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses as an occupational risk, to discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and to review recommendations for infected healthcare workers. This meeting outlined a number of recommendations for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, including the training of personnel, application of standard precautions and hepatitis B vaccination. Other topics addressed included ethical and legal issues, the assessment of risk and costs, and the role of the VHPB. Participants also identified a number of terms that need harmonisation or standardisation in order to facilitate communication between experts.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 2008, Vol.65, No.7, p.446-451. 29 ref.

CIS 08-1462 Jolly H.
Biological hazards: Real nature of the problem in the construction sector
Risque biologique: quelle réalité dans le BTP? [in French]
Through many of the diverse activities of the construction sector, workers may be faced with biological hazards. This article reviews the biological agents that can be encountered in the sector (hepatitis A, influenza and poliomyelitis viruses, legionella, leptospira and tetanus bacilli, Candida alibicans and Entamoeba hystolica), diseases they cause, modes of contamination and preventive measures (disinfection of premises, ventilation, personal protective equipment, vaccination).
Prévention BTP, June 2008, No.108, p.48-50. Illus.

CIS 08-1258 Occupational Safety and Health Statistics Bulletin
Zhiye anquan ji jiankang tongji shuzi jianbao [in Chinese]
The statistics in this bulletin provide information and analysis on work-related accidents and confirmed cases of occupational disease in Hong Kong during the year 2007, with breakdowns by economic sectors and trends from 1998 to 2007. In 2007, the number of occupational injuries in all workplaces stood at 43,979, a decrease of 6.3% over 2006, while the injury rate per 1000 employees also decreased from 18.4 to 16.9 or 8.3%. The total number of occupational diseases in 2007 was 177, a substantial decease from the 264 cases recorded in 2006. They primarily consisted of silicosis, hearing loss and tensynovitis of hand and forearm, as well as tuberculosis among health care workers.
Occupational Safety and Health Statistics Bulletin, May 2008, No.8, p.1-8 (whole issue). Illus.
http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/osh/pdf/Bull08.pdf [in English]
http://www.labour.gov.hk/osh/pdf/Bull08.pdf [in Chinese]

CIS 08-1210 Rybacki M., Michowicz A.
Exposure to viruses at the workplace, with the example of viral hepatitis
Zagrożenia wirusowe w miejscu pracy na przykładzie wirusowego zapalenia wątroby [in Polish]
The characteristics of hepatitis B and C viruses are presented, together with their infection mechanisms. The occupational groups most exposed to infection hazards from these viruses are mentioned, together with the methods of prevention and treatment.
Praca i Zdrowie, 2008, No.1, p.10-16. Illus.

CIS 08-1222 Protect your employees with an exposure control plan
The exposure control plan is the focal point of any programme aimed at the prevention of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. It details in writing the employer's plan for reducing exposures to bloodborne pathogens and explains what steps to take when an exposure occurs. Aimed at employers of first responders (emergency medical services, fire fighters, and law enforcement), this leaflet outlines the basic elements of an exposure control plan and how to develop such a plan. See also CIS 08-1012 and 08-1221.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, July 2008. 4p. Illus. 4 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-115/pdfs/2008-115.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1221 Encourage your workers to report bloodborne pathogen exposures
Aimed at employers, this leaflet outlines the importance of encouraging first responders (emergency medical services, fire fighters, and law enforcement) to report exposures to bloodborne pathogens. Topics addressed: why employees may be reluctant to report exposures; why employees should report all exposures; how employers can encourage reporting (developing a policy, informing and training personnel). See also CIS 08-1012 and 08-1222.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, July 2008. 2p. Illus. 2 ref.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-118/pdfs/2008-118.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1012 Protect yourself. Protect your family. Protect the public
These posters visually reinforce the importance of frontline first responders (emergency medical services, fire fighters, and law enforcement) protecting themselves from work-related exposures to bloodborne pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. Protection includes reading the employer's exposure control plan, wearing personal protective equipment and reporting all exposures. See also CIS 08-1221/1222.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, July 2008. Two posters. Illus.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-117/pdfs/2008-117.pdf [in English]
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-116/pdfs/2008-116.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1208 Muńoz Doncel N., Moreno Toral E., Megias Guijo M.
Biological safety data sheet for the bacterium L. pneumophila
Ficha de datos de seguridad biológica de la bacteria L. pneumophila [in Spanish]
L. pneumophila is the bacterium responsible for legionellosis. Workers with the highest risk of exposure to this bacterium are medical laboratory personnel and maintenance workers of systems in which the growth of L. pneumophila is likely. This article discusses the data which need to be included in the biological safety sheet on L. pneumophila, which should be considered as being an occupational safety and health tool for use in the information and training of workers.
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, May 2008, No.47, p.18-23. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 08-712 Bennett B.
The lingering threat of avian flu
Although headlines warning of a pandemic of avian flu have started to wane, the threat is far from over. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a global outbreak of easily transmissible influenza such as the H5N1 virus avian flu is likely within a few years. Workers at risk include poultry farmers, health care and laboratory workers, veterinarians, waste disposal workers, persons in contact with animals and food, and persons working outdoors. Individuals can protect themselves in a number of ways, such as frequently washing their hands with soap and water. OSHA recommends that employers provide at-risk workers with the appropriate PPE, including gloves, apparel (aprons and sleeves), goggles and boots or protective shoe covers that can be disposed of or disinfected.
Occupational Hazards, Jan. 2008, p.50-54. Illus.

2007

CIS 09-342 MacFarlane E., Benke G., Goddard D., Sim M.
Urban pest control operators in Australia
This article describes the occupational tasks of domestic and commercial pest control operators in Australia, the hazards they face and the appropriate preventive measures. Contents: tasks of the job; hazards of the job and in the workplace; measures to protect workers (protective clothing, respirators, measures related to pesticides, physical hazards and biological hazards, training and qualification of workers).
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, June 2007, Vol.64, No.6, p.422-427. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 08-1468 Expert forecast on emerging biological risks related to occupational safety and health
Ekspertna prognoza za văznikvaštite biologični riskove, svărzani s bezopasnostta i zdraveto pri rabota (BZP) [in Bulgarian]
Expertprognos om nya mikrobiologiska arbetsmiljörisker [in Swedish]
Ekspertvarsling om biologiske risici i fremvćkst i tilknytning til arbejdsmiljř [in Danish]
Expertenbefragung zu neu auftretenden biologischen Risiken für Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der Arbeit (OSH) [in German]
Ékthesē próblepsēs empeirognōmónōn shetiká me tous anaduómenous biologikoús kindúnous pou shetízontai me tēn epaggelmatikḗ asfáleia kai ugeía (EAU) [in Greek]
Previsiones de los expertos sobre riesgos biológicos emergentes relacionados con la salud y la seguridad en el trabajo (SST) [in Spanish]
Ekspertprognoos tekkivate tööohutuse ja töötervishoiu bioloogiliste riskide kohta [in Estonian]
Asiantuntijat ennakoivat työterveyteen ja työturvallisuuteen liittyviä uusia biologisia riskejä [in Finnish]
Prévisions des experts sur les risques biologiques émergents liés ŕ la sécurité et ŕ la santé au travail [in French]
Szakértői előrejelzés a munkahelyi biztonság és egészségvédelem vonatkozásában kialakuló biológiai kockázatokról [in Hungarian]
Le previsioni degli esperti sui rischi biologici emergenti per la salute e la sicurezza sul lavoro [in Italian]
Ekspertų prognozė dėl naujos biologinės rizikos, kylančios darbuotojų saugai ir sveikatai (DSS) [in Lithuanian]
Ekspertu prognozes par potenciāliem bioloģiskiem riska faktoriem saistībā ar darba drošību un veselības aizsardzību (DDVA) [in Latvian]
Tbassir espert dwar riskji bijoloġiċi emerġenti relatati massaħħa u s-sigurta fuq il-post tax-xogħol (OHS) [in Maltese]
Prognose van deskundigen over in opkomst zijnde biologische risico's in het kader van veiligheid en gezondheid op het werk [in Dutch]
Prognoza ekspercka dotycząca nowo powstających biologicznych czynników ryzyka zawodowego (BHP) [in Polish]
Previsőes de peritos sobre os riscos biológicos emergentes relacionados com a segurança e a saúde no trabalho (SST) [in Portuguese]
Previziunea experţilor privind riscurile biologice emergente legate de securitatea şi sănătatea în muncă (SSM) [in Romanian]
Prognóza expertov o vznikajúcich biologických rizikách súvisiacich s bezpečnost'ou a ochranou zdravia na pracovisku (BOZP) [in Slovak]
Predvidevanje strokovnjakov o nastajajočih bioloških tveganjih, ki so povezana z varnostjo in zdravjem pri delu [in Slovenian]
Odborná prognóza vznikajících biologických rizik souvisejících s bezpečností a ochranou zdraví při práci (BOZP) [in Czech]
About 320,000 workers worldwide die every year of communicable diseases, some 5,000 in the European Union. In the last decade, media coverage has raised public awareness of biological hazards, such as anthrax at work due to bioterrorist activities, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the threat of avian flu. But biological agents are ubiquitous and, in many workplaces, workers face considerably harmful biological risks. The Community strategy 2002-06 called on the European Agency for Occupational Safety and Health to set up a risk observatory to anticipate new and emerging occupational safety and health risks. The expert forecast on emerging occupational safety and health biological risks was formulated from the results of three consecutive questionnaire-based surveys using the Delphi method. The full report has been analysed under CIS 08-214. This information note summarizes the contents and the findings of this forecast. It is also available in several other European languages.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, http://osha.eu.int, 2007. 2p. Illus. 5 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/factsheets/68/view [in Multilingual]

CIS 08-1460 Koh D., Ong B.L., Li A., Kasai T., Amin F., Lugah V, Wilburn S., Eijkemans G., Mukhopadhyay P., Nguyen T.H.T., Nguyen V.B., Tran T.D., Vu N.L., Bennoor K.S., Hassan M.R., Rahman M.F., Mahmud A.M., Hossain M.A., Haque M.E., Kabir M.H., Kalamuddin A.F.M., Ali T., Huq A.K.M.S., Shin B.M.
Infectious diseases
Collection of articles on infectious diseases of relevance to countries in the Asian-Pacific region. Contents: WHO strategy for emerging diseases in East Asia; HIV/AIDS prevention in Malaysia; protecting health workers from occupational exposure to HIV, hepatitis and other bloodborne pathogens; problem of occupational heat stress in India; evaluating the experience of Vietnam in controlling human influenza A (H5N1); incidence of tuberculosis among garment workers in Bangladesh; occupational exposure to hepatitis B among Korean health care workers.
Asian-Pacific Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, May 2007, Vol.14, No.1, p.2-23 (whole issue). Illus. 63 ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/CC3D2788-535F-4445-8A74-CE56311AE501/0/AsianPacificNewsletter12007.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1341 Leggat P.A., Kedjarune U., Smith D.R.
Occupational health problems in modern dentistry: A review
Occupational health hazards in dentistry include percutaneous exposure incidents (PEIs), exposure to infectious diseases (including bioaerosols), radiation, dental materials and noise, musculoskeletal disorders, dermatitis, respiratory disorders, eye injuries and psychological problems. PEIs are a particular concern, as there is an almost constant risk of exposure to serious infectious agents. Strategies to minimize PEI and their consequences include hepatitis B immunization, the use of personal protective measures and appropriate sterilization or disinfection techniques. Aside from biological hazards, dentists continue to suffer a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, especially of the back, neck and shoulders.
Industrial Health, Oct. 2007, Vol.45, No.5, p.611-621. 100 ref.
http://www.jniosh.go.jp/en/indu_hel/pdf/IH_45_5_611.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1220 Pandemic influenza: Guidance for infection control in hospitals and primary care settings
Guidance document on how to protect health care workers against the hazard of infection by pandemic influenza. Contents: terminology; overview of pandemic influenza and infection control; preparedness planning for pandemic infection control; occupational health and deployment of staff; infection control precautions; environmental infection control; supplementary guidance for hospitals; supplementary guidance for primary care settings. In the appendix: the epidemiology of pandemic influenza; infection control precautions.
TSO Publications Centre, P.O. Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN, United Kingdom, 2007. 81p. Illus. 87 ref.
http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_080771?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=154677&Rendition=Web [in English]

CIS 08-1212 Johnson E.S., Zhou Y., Sall M., El Faramawi M., Shah N., Christopher A., Lewis N.
Non-malignant disease mortality in meat workers: A model for studying the role of zoonotic transmissible agents in non-malignant chronic diseases in humans
A study of mortality from non-malignant causes was conducted between 1949 and 1989 in a cohort of 8520 meat workers in a union in Baltimore, Maryland, who worked in manufacturing plants where animals were killed or processed, and who had high exposures to infectious agents. Mortality in this cohort was compared with that in a control group of 6081 unexposed workers in the same union, and also with the United States general population. Proportional, standardized and relative mortality ratios were calculated. Significant excesses of mortality from septicaemia, subarachnoid haemorrhage, chronic nephritis, endocarditis and functional diseases of the heart were observed in meat workers when compared to the control group or to the United States general population. It is hypothesized that zoonotic transmissible agents may be responsible for the occurrence of some of the circulatory, neurological and other diseases observed among these workers.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2007, Vol.64, No.12, p.849-855. 53 ref.

CIS 08-960 Puura-Märkälä A., Koh D., Maciejowski M., Treichel B., Nachtigall M., Karvonen O., Remizova M., Zenov S., Wilburn S., Eijkemans G.
Infectious diseases
Bor'ba s infekcionnymi zabolevanijami [in Russian]
Collection of articles on infectious diseases of relevance to Russia and Nordic Countries. Contents: increasing attention to health and social issues in the Barents region; infectious diseases as a challenge for public and occupational health; risk of tuberculosis; cooperation among Northern European countries in public health and social well-being; Barents HIV/AIDS protection programme for vulnerable groups; HIV/AIDS workplace education programme in Russia; protecting health workers from occupational exposure to HIV, hepatitis and other bloodborne pathogens.
Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 2007, Vol.10, No.2, whole issue (p.38-75). Illus. Bibl.ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/E7C482BD-C809-4A54-BAD3-F3D0519BF5DC/0/BNL0207netti.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-962
World Health Organization (WHO)
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Human papillomaviruses
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are common sexually-transmitted infectious agents. Although most infections are asymptomatic and are cleared within a period of two years, genital HPV infection can lead to clinical disease, including anogenital warts, cervical neoplasia, cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. Of the many types of HPVs, some are classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), others as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) and yet other as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). Recent data includes strong evidence of carcinogenicity at sites other than the cervix. Vaccination can reduce the incidence of HPV-related genital diseases. However, such prophylactic treatments require that such vaccines be provided women for whom access to cervical cancer screening services is problematic. Therefore, the development of vaccines that are cheaper and easier to deliver remains highly desirable. Update of the IARC Monograph No.64 on the same subject (see CIS 96-1096).
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genčve 27, Switzerland, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France 2007. viii, 670p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 55.00 (CHF 38.50 in developing countries). Downloadable version free of charge.
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol90/mono90.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-965 Aarnisalo K.
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Equipment hygiene and risk assessment measures as tools in the prevention of Listeria monocytogenes-contamination in food processes
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium frequently found in the food industry. Its efficient control requires good manufacturing and hygiene practices, effective means of decontamination, rapid detection of contamination sources and hazard evaluation procedures. This thesis focused on deficiencies in equipment hygiene and hazard evaluation practices with the aim of developing the efficient practices against L. monocytogenes. Hygiene problems in the Finnish food industry were most frequently observed with packaging machines, conveyers, dispensers, slicing machines and cooling machines. Lubricants used in food processing equipment may also act as contamination vehicles of L. monocytogenes. Commonly-used commercial disinfectants against L. monocytogenes were generally found to be efficient at the recommended concentrations and effect times. Other findings are discussed.
VTT Information Service, P.O.Box 2000, 02044 VTT, Finland, 2007. 101p. Illus. Approx. 230 ref.
http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2007/P669.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-713 César Gonzáles R., Ciro Maguińa V., Felipe Heras M., Luis Conde-Salazar G.
Bartonellosis (Oroya fever or Verruga Peruana) - An occupational disease?
Bartonelosis (fiebre de la Oroya o Verruga Peruana) żEnfermedad ocupacional? [in Spanish]
Bartonellosis (also known as Oroya fever, Verruga Peruana or Carrion's disease) is an endemic disease in South America caused by the Bartonella bacilliformis bacterium and propagated by the Lutzomyia verrucarum mosquito. This infection constitutes a public health problem in rural areas, with epidemics having occurred in mountainous regions of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. This article reviews current epidemiological and clinical understanding of the disease and highlights the fact that workers travelling in the endemic areas are particularly at risk, which is why the occupational nature of this disease should be recognized.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Dec. 2007, Vol.LIII, No.209, p.35-41. Illus. 14 ref.
http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/mesetra/v53n209/original5.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 08-717 Ornithosis-psittacosis (Chlamydophila psittaci)
Ornithose-psittacose (Chlamydophila psittaci) [in French]
Ornithosis or psittacosis is an infection caused by a bacterium transmitted by infected birds or their contaminated environment. The disease often remains unnoticed but its effect on humans can be serious. Contents of this leaflet: information on the bacterium (Chlamydophila psittaci); description of the disease; occupations and populations at risk; safety, health and protective measures to be implemented.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2007. 6p. Illus. Price: EUR 1.50. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www.inrs.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/intranetobject-accesparreference/ed%206010/$file/ed6010.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-537 Protect your employees with an exposure control plan
NIOSH researchers visited a number of prisons and jails to learn more about current practices and procedures being used to protect health care workers from blood-borne diseases. This leaflet provides tips to medical service administrators and supervisors for improving the plans aimed at protecting workers from exposure to blood-borne pathogens, which are required by OSHA. These tips include information on the exposure control plan, workers' participation in the selection of equipment, supply and use of personal protective equipment and designating persons responsible for the implementation of the plan and of the vaccination policy.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, Sep. 2007. 2p. Illus.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-158/pdfs/2007-158.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-534 Let art be your legacy
NIOSH researchers worked with professional tattoo artists to figure out how they can be exposed to blood and blood-borne pathogens. Based on visits to piercing and tattooing shops and interviews with practicing artists, various communication materials were developed to better inform artists of these diseases, explain how artists can be exposed and reinforce safe practices to reduce the chances of exposure. This information card explains how contamination by hepatitis B occurs; it suggests that body artists be vaccinated against hepatitis B and that they attend yearly blood-borne pathogen training. See also CIS 08-532/533.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, Nov. 2007. 2p. Illus.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-137/pdfs/2007-137.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-533 Good, clean art
NIOSH researchers worked with professional tattoo artists to figure out how they can be exposed to blood and blood-borne pathogens. Based on visits to piercing and tattooing shops and interviews with practicing artists, various communication materials were developed to better inform artists of these diseases, explain how artists can be exposed and reinforce safe practices to reduce the chances of exposure. This information card explains how to reduce cross-contamination within the body art sector. See also CIS 08-532 and 08-534.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, Nov. 2007. 2p. Illus.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-138/pdfs/2007-138.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-532 Look sharp
NIOSH researchers worked with professional tattoo artists to figure out how they can be exposed to blood and blood-borne pathogens. Based on visits to piercing and tattooing shops and interviews with practicing artists, various communication materials were developed to better inform artists of these diseases, explain how artists can be exposed and reinforce safe practices to reduce the chances of exposure. This information card addresses the issues of handling and disposing sharps within this sector of activity. See also CIS 08-533/534.
Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-2001, USA, Nov. 2007. 2p. Illus.
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-139/pdfs/2007-139.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-583 Tse L.A., Li Z.M., Wong T.W., Fu Z.M., Yu I.T.S.
High prevalence of accelerated silicosis among gold miners in Jiangxi, China
This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of accelerated silicosis among Chinese gold mine workers. A medical cross-sectional examination was conducted among 574 miners; all participants were male rock-drillers. The concentrations of total dust and quartz content were obtained from government documentation. Descriptive data analyses were performed. The prevalence of accelerated silicosis was 29.1% after an average of 5.6 years of dust exposure. A history of tuberculosis seemed to increase the risk. The concentration of respirable silica dust was estimated to be 89.5 mg/m3 (range 70.2-108.8) in the underground goldmine, far exceeding the permissible exposure limits. This study illustrates a serious health threat in small-scale goldmines in China and indicates an urgent need for environmental control and disease prevention.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2007, Vol.50, p.876-880. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 08-462 Le Bâcle C.
Biological hazards in occupational settings
Les risques biologiques en milieu professionnel [in French]
Protection against biological hazards within the enterprise remains hindered by several obstacles. Their effects being generally neither immediate nor spectacular, they are not considered as having the same priority as other more visible hazards. There is insufficient understanding of these hazards among persons responsible for occupational safety and health. This article presents a concise overview of these hazards and proposes an approach to safety and health based on the type of risk (infections, toxins, immuno-allergies, cancer) and the sector of activity (health care, agriculture, food industry, waste disposal).
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygične et sécurité du travail, June 2007, No.207, p.85-96. Illus. 19 ref.
http://www.hst.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/PR%2028/$File/PR28.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-329 Sambo L.G., Kisting S., Alli B., Wilburn S., Eijkemans G., Ansa V.O., Anah M.U., Udoma E.J., Umoh M.S., Gold D., Comlan P., Ezinah F., Nambo Wezet G., Anyunzoghe E.S., Ossoubita B.O., Kibwage J.K., Momanyi G.M., Odondo A.J., Lekei E.E., Akhabuhaya J., Mkalaga H., Clarke E.E., Sutherland D.K.
Infectious diseases
Collection of articles on infectious diseases of relevance to African countries. Contents: ILO programme on HIV/AIDS and the world of work; protecting health care workers from occupational exposure to HIV, hepatitis and other bloodborne pathogens; reducing occupational risks to HIV and hepatitis B virus exposure among health care workers in Nigeria. Other topics: addressing psychosocial issues in Africa through the ILO's SOLVE programme; occupational safety and health (OSH) problems among wood processing workers in Gabon; OSH concerns of smallholder tobacco farmers in Kenya; OSH issues in pesticide formulation plants in Tanzania; OSH initiatives aimed at health care workers in Ghana.
African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, Aug. 2007, Vol.17, No.2, p.31-55 (whole issue). Illus. Bibl.ref.
http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/6ADDA217-D9CE-4B3A-8E5C-B8C24D795049/0/AfricanNL22007.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-465 Lot F.
Surveillance of occupational contamination by HIV, HCV and HBV among health care personnel
Surveillance des contaminations professionnelles par le VIH, le VHC et le VHB chez le personnel de santé [in French]
The surveillance of occupational seroconversions among health care personnel is in effect since 1991 for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, or AIDS virus), since 1997 for HCV (or hepatitis C virus) and since 2005 for HBV (or hepatitis B virus). Between 1983 and 2005, 14 HIV seroconversions were notified. Within this surveillance programme, there were also 34 notifications of presumed HIV infections. With respect to HCV, 55 occupational seroconversions were counted between 1991 and 2005. In almost all cases, seroconversions were the result of a percutaneous skin injury. Close to half of the HIV and HCV seroconversions were related to accidents involving an exposure to blood when the putting away or disposal of equipment and therefore could have been avoided by following usual precautions. To this day, no occupational contaminations by HBV have been notified.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, Mar. 2007, No.109, p.51-60. Illus. 13 ref.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20158/$File/TF158.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-466 Gómez Murcia J.E., Flórez C.M., Mejía Rodríguez S., González Ó ., Cajigas de Acosta B.E.
Biological safety in the health care sector
Bioseguridad en el sector salud [in Spanish]
Contents of this collection of articles on biological safety in the health care sector: classification of biological waste and infection hazards; biological safety standards and procedures in hospital settings; importance of having equipment that can limit the ambient concentration of infectious agents; biological safety and pathogens; criteria for the selection of single-use or re-usable protective clothing; waste management in hospital settings; workers exposed to blood-borne viral infections (HIV, HBV, HCV).
Protección y seguridad, Jan.-Feb. 2007, Vol.53, No.311, p.51-79. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 08-469 Guidance on preparing workplaces for an influenza pandemic
A worldwide influenza pandemic could have a major effect on the global economy, including travel, trade, tourism, food, consumption, investment and financial markets. Planning for pandemic influenza by business and industry is essential to minimize a pandemic's impact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) therefore developed this pandemic influenza planning guidance based upon traditional infection control and industrial hygiene practices. Topics addressed: how a severe pandemic influenza could affect workplaces; how influenza can spread between people, classifying employee exposure to pandemic influenza at work, how to maintain operations during a pandemic, how organizations can protect their employees; steps every employer can take to reduce the risk of exposure to pandemic influenza in their workplace; what employees living abroad or who travel internationally for work should know.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20210, USA, 2007. 43p. Illus.
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3327pandemic.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-464 Migueres F., Pellissier G., Goyer F., Touche S., Alcouffe J., Fabin C., Bayeux-Dunglas M.C., Abiteboul D.
Risk of exposure to blood when taking venous blood samples - Results of a survey in medical laboratories
Risque d'exposition au sang lors des prélčvements veineux - Résultats d'une étude dans des laboratoires d'analyses médicales [in French]
This study on the risk of incidents involving exposure to blood in France when taking venous blood samples involved three tasks: job observations by occupational physicians of the gestures carried when taking blood samples; evaluation of responses to a questionnaire on line addressed to biologists working in medical laboratories; survey among the main manufacturers of equipment used in laboratories. Findings concerning the incidence of needlestick injuries when taking blood samples, blood sampling systems, the use of protective gloves and the rate of hepatitis B vaccination are discussed.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, June 2007, No.110, p.173-184. Illus. 16 ref.
http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20159/$File/TF159.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-83 Sánchez-Arcilla Conejo I.
Prevention of occupational risk factors for tuberculosis
Prevención de riesgos laborales por tuberculosis [in Spanish]
The key aspects of the prevention of tuberculosis among workers of health care centres, old-age pensioners' homes and prisons include an early diagnosis, sanitary measures for protecting the work environment and an effective medical supervision programme. Topics addressed in this review article on the prevention of tuberculosis at the workplace: epidemiology of tuberculosis; tuberculosis as an occupational disease; collective protection measures; personal protection measures; medical supervision.
Salud, Trabajo y Ambiente, 1st Quarter, 2007, Vol.14, No.51, p.13-18. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 08-218 Vaccination in occupational settings
Vacunación en el ámbito laboral [in Spanish]
Vaccination is the most effective means of primary prevention for persons exposed to the risk of certain infectious diseases related to their work. The work environment also presents suitable settings for detecting diseases, even when they are not directly related to occupational activities. This article discusses general considerations concerning vaccination at the place of work, the groups of workers that are exposed and that should be subject to preventive vaccination, the steps involved in immunization plans, the diseases for which vaccination at the place of work is recommended, contraindications to vaccination and Spanish legislation on the subject.
ERGA Noticias, 2007, No.98, p.4. Illus. 3 ref.
http://www.insht.es/InshtWeb/Contenidos/Documentacion/TextosOnline/ErgaNoticias/Ficheros/2007/ErNOT98_07.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 08-209 Vaxelaire S., Houssin D., Le Bâcle C., Abadia G., Bacarisse J.P., Kiniger-Passigli D.
Influenza pandemic and the activities of enterprises
Pandémie grippale et vie des entreprises [in French]
This full issue is devoted to the potential impact of an influenza pandemic on enterprises in France and the means for preparing to respond. It includes interviews, opinions and advice of various specialists and responsible persons including a senior public health official, an expert on biological hazards at the INRS, an occupational health physician, the safety and health officer of a multinational enterprise and the head of the ILO task force, who explains the role of the organization with respect to the risk of a bird pandemic (protecting the means of subsistence, ensure the compliance with international health agreements, reinforce synergies between national and international bodies, supply relevant information).
Réalité Prévention, Mar. 2007, No.14, p.1-12 (whole issue). Illus.

CIS 08-131 Mřller L., Stöver H., Jürgens R., Gatherer A., Nikogosian H.
Health in prisons - A WHO guide to the essentials in prison health
Based on the experience of many European countries, this guide describes the steps prison systems should take to protect the health of prisoners and prison staff. This requires that all persons working in prisons understand how imprisonment affects health, what prisoners' health needs are and how to provide health services. Other essential elements include awareness of internationally-recommended standards for prison health; providing professional care with the same professional ethics as in other health services and promoting a whole-prison approach to care, health and well-being of people in custody.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service,1211 Genčve 27, Switzerland, 2007. xvi, 179p. Illus. 6 ref. Price: CHF 40.00, USD 36.00 (CHF 28.00, USD 25.20 in developing countries)
http://www.euro.who.int/document/e90174.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-79 Whysall Z.
Present and infect
When individuals come to work while feeling unwell, there are hidden costs for both employees and their employers. Presenteeism is defined as lost productivity that occurs when employees come to work but perform below due to any kind of illness. Common causes of presenteeism include migraines, allergies, depression, musculoskeletal problems, gastrointestinal problems and eczema. In the case of contagious diseases such as influenza, affected individuals who come to work may transmit the disease to fellow employees. This article explains how investigating the problem of presenteeism can potentially reduce sickness absence.
Safety and Health Practitioner, Aug. 2007, Vol.25, No.8, p.54-56. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 08-97 Capone L., Consiglio E., Fulgenzi A.E., Jarés E., Labbate A., Poropat A.
Ministerio de trabajo, empleo y seguridad social
Occupational respiratory diseases
Patología respiratoria de origen ocupacional [in Spanish]
Proceedings of five workshops on occupational respiratory diseases organized in Buenos Aires, Argentina, by the Argentinian labour inspectorate (Spanish acronym SRT), during which statistical data were presented and various cases were discussed. Workshops were held on the following topics: occupational asthma; occupational respiratory infections; chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies (COBP); pleural diseases; interstitial lung diseases.
Superintendencia de Riesgos del Trabajo (SRT), Bartolomé Mitre 751, C1036AAM Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2007. 103p. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 08-216 Brun E.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
Expert forecast on emerging biological risks related to occupational safety and health
Some 5000 workers die every year of communicable diseases in the European Union. The Community strategy 2002-2006 called on the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work to set up a risk observatory to anticipate new and emerging risks. This report presents the results of the forecast on emerging OSH biological risks, based on a survey of 36 experts using the Delphi method. The forecast emphasizes how important it is that biological risks are dealt with globally and in cooperation between disciplines such as OSH, public health, animal health, environmental protection and food safety. It also shows that knowledge about biohazards is still relatively undeveloped and that a proper assessment of biological risks is difficult. Better methods for determining the biological agents and measuring their concentration need to be developed in order to improve exposure assessment.
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2, rue Mercier, L-2985 Luxembourg, 2007. 145p. Illus. 361 ref.
http://osha.europa.eu/publications/reports/7606488/risk_observatory_en.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-215 Lavoie J., Cloutier Y., Lara J., Marchand G.
Guide on respiratory protection against bioaerosols: Recommendations on its selection and use
This guide is intended, among others, for workers in household waste sorting centres, wastewater treatment plants, agricultural enterprises, food and beverage processing companies and hospitals. It provides a description of the respirators and filtration mechanisms, as well as information on their fit, seal and maintenance. It also provides information on the respiratory protection required for infectious and non-infectious bioaerosols.
Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2007. v, 30p. Illus. 53 ref. Price: CAD 7.42. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge.
http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/RG-501.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-66 Bianchi C., Bianchi T.
Malignant mesothelioma: Global incidence and relationship with asbestos
Literature survey. Mesothelioma incidence varies markedly from one country to another. The areas of high incidence generally correspond to the sites of industries with high asbestos use, such as shipbuilding and asbestos-cement industry. However, in some countries with high asbestos consumption, mesothelioma incidence is low. The reasons for this situation are not clear. Mesotheliomas generally develop after long-time exposures to asbestos and with latency periods of often more than 40 years. An inverse relationship exists between intensity of asbestos exposure and the length of the latency period. Some recent studies show that the risk increases with the duration of exposure. Possible co-factors in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related mesothelioma include genetic predisposition, diets poor in fruit and vegetables, some viruses, immune impairment and recurrent pleural inflammation. While a levelling-off in mesothelioma incidence has been registered in some countries, a worsening of the epidemic is predictable in large parts of the world.
Industrial Health, June 2007, Vol.45, No.3, p.379-387. Illus. 89 ref.

CIS 08-64 Hämäläinen P., Takala J., Saarela K.L.
Global estimates of fatal work-related diseases
Few countries in the world have reliable data for work-related diseases. This is particularly true in developing countries. In this study, estimates were calculated using baseline world mortality scenarios of all diseases for the year 2000, combined with the fractions attributable to work-related diseases used in Finland. On this basis, it is estimated that about two million work-related deaths take place annually. Men suffer two thirds of those deaths. The biggest groups of work-related diseases are cancers, circulatory diseases and communicable diseases. Results are provided by age, gender and main causal factors.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 2007, Vol.50, No.1, p.28-41. Illus. 37 ref.

CIS 08-214 Brun E., Van Herpe S., Laamanen I., Klug K., Linsel G., Schöneich R., Flaspöler E., Reinert D., Galwas M., Mirón Hernández M.A., García-Matarredona Cepeda D.
Expert forecast on emerging biological risks related to occupational safety and health
About 320,000 workers worldwide die every year of communicable diseases, and some 5,000 in the European Union. In the last decade, media coverage has increased awareness among the public for biological hazards, such as anthrax due to bioterrorist activities, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian flu. But biological agents are ubiquitous and, in many workplaces, workers face considerably harmful biological risks. The Community strategy 2002-2006 called on the Agency to set up a risk observatory to anticipate new and emerging risks. This report sets out to present the results of the forecast on emerging OSH biological risks.
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Gran Vía 33, 48009 Bilbao, Spain, 2007. 145p. Illus. 361 ref. Price: EUR 15.00. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://osha.europa.eu/publications/reports/7606488/risk_observatory_en.pdf/at_download/file [in English]

CIS 08-1 Decree No.2007-1121 of 19 July 2007 updating and completing the tables of occupational diseases in the agricultural sector appended to book VII of the rural law [France]
Décret n° 2007-1121 du 19 juillet 2007 révisant et complétant les tableaux des maladies professionnelles en agriculture annexés au livre VII du code rural [France] [in French]
This French decree of 19 July 2007 updates some of the tables of occupational diseases concerning the compensation of occupational diseases in the agricultural sector. It specifically concerns tables No.5 on leptospiroses, No.36 on diseases caused by wood dust, No.46 on noise-induced hearing loss and No.47 on diseases caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust.
Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, Hôtel de Matignon, 57 rue de Varenne, 75007 Paris, France, 2007. Internet document (PDF format). 3p.
http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/imagesJOE/2007/0721/joe_20070721_0167_0026.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-106 Pistón Reyes J.M., Cubero Atienza A.J.
Work in public sewage networks: Study of risks
Trabajos en redes públicas de saneamiento: un estudio de riesgos [in Spanish]
The media regularly report accidents in which several workers undergo asphyxia or poisoning in a cesspit or a well. A common characteristic in these types of accidents is the severity of their consequences, both for the direct victim as well as for persons attempting to rescue them. Many of these accidents could have been avoided by appropriate training and the correct use of means of protection. This article describes the job of sewage workers and examines more specifically the risks involved in the cleaning and maintenance of sewage system networks, which are aggravated by the need to work in confined spaces.
Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, July 2007, No.43, p.20-27. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 07-1346 Bouchet H., Castel S., Chaney C., Mzabi M.I.
Fishmongers through the ages
Poissonniers d'hier et d'aujourd'hui [in French]
The job of fishmonger has much evolved through the centuries, as have the methods used for fishing and transporting fish (including the rapid growth in deep freezing on-board fishing vessels). Today, fishmongers work in small fish shops, in medium and large supermarket chains, on markets, in industrial enterprises, at wholesalers, at caterers or in traditional restaurants. In this occupation, occupational accidents and diseases can have multiple effects on the operations of the enterprise. The main hazards include osteo-articular injuries due to occupational accidents (falls, incorrect manual handling) or repetitive work, skin injuries and diseases (cuts, burns, contact dermatitis, warts) and cardiovascular diseases due to prolonged exposure to cold working environments. An occupational information sheet on the job of fishmonger is included as an insert.
Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle, 2nd Quarter 2007, Vol.47, No.2, p.117-127. 8 ref. + Insert 2p.

CIS 07-1478 Cartier B.
Avian influenza/Risk of pandemic - Protection of health care personnel
Vogelgrippe/Pandemie: Schutz des Arbeitnehmenden im Gesundheitswesen [in German]
Grippe aviaire/Risque de pandémie - Protection des personnes travaillant dans le secteur de la santé [in French]
In the event where avian influenza would become pandemic, health care personnel would be the most exposed. Swiss law requires that employers implement the necessary preventive measures to ensure the protection of workers. These measures include: information of personnel; use of personal protective equipment; proper application of hygiene measures; early screening of infected persons; separation from other patients and unprotected staff.
Informations médicales - Medizinische Mitteilungen, 2007, No.78, p.71-73. 8 ref.
https://wwwsapp1.suva.ch/sap/public/bc/its/mimes/zwaswo/99/pdf/02869_78_f.pdf ((part)) [in French]
https://wwwsapp1.suva.ch/sap/public/bc/its/mimes/zwaswo/99/pdf/02869_78_d.pdf ((part)) [in German]

CIS 07-1209 Gołofit-Szymczak M., Zapór L.
Biological hazards in municipal wastewater treatment plants
Zagrożenia biologiczne w oczyszczalniach ścieków komunalnych [in Polish]
Workers of municipal wastewater treatment plants are exposed to several kinds of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Biological contaminants can be responsible for a variety of adverse health effects including allergy, hypersensitivity, respiratory problems and infectious diseases. Measures for exposure prevention are outlined.
Bezpieczeństwo pracy, 2007, No.3, p.26-28. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 07-1215 Biological agents and occupational health
Les agents biologiques et la santé au travail [in French]
Biologische agentia en gezondheid op het werk [in Dutch]
Aimed at employers, this guide comments on the Belgian Royal Order of 4 August 1996 concerning the protection of workers against risks connected with the exposure to biological agents at work (see CIS 00-1532) and explains how to ensure its compliance within the enterprise. Contents: definitions and scope; health effects of biological agents; hazard evaluation; documents to be completed by employers; risk prevention and control; health surveillance; vaccination; roles of the various parties involved in risk prevention and health surveillance.
Service public fédéral Emploi, Travail et Concertation sociale, rue Ernest Blerot I, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2007. 36p. Illus. 11 ref.
http://www.werk.belgie.be/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=3854 [in Dutch]
http://www.emploi.belgique.be/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=3854 [in French]

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