Skin diseases - 1,481 entries found

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1985

CIS 86-142 Baadsgaard O., Jørgensen J.
Contact dermatitis to Butin-2-diol 1,4
A 41-year-old female cleaner developped dermatitis on the face, hands and forearms after having used a new cleaning agent for a few months. The dermatitis appeared about 12h after contact with the agent and settled when she was not using it. Patch testing with the components of the cleaning agent produced a strong reaction to 2-butyne-1,4-diol ("Butin-2-diol 1,4"). The compound was present in the cleaning agent at low concentration (0.7%) as a corrosion inhibitor.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1985, Vol.13, No.1, p.34. 1 ref.

CIS 86-141 Kellett J.K., Beck M.H.
Ammonium persulphate sensitivity in hairdressers
Ammonium persulfate is a component of hairdressing bleaches. 12 of 49 professional hairdressers patch tested with ammonium persulfate gave positive reactions, in contrast to 1 of 118 patients who were not hairdressers. 7 out of 10 of these 12 patients have since given up hairdressing. The stability of ammonium persulfate preparations in petrolatum or water was tested; about 24% of the initial amount of the compound degraded in 6 months. This suggests that preparations this old or older should not be used.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1985, Vol.13, No.1, p.26-28. 5 ref.

CIS 86-89 Rajaniemi R., Tola S.
Subjective symptoms among dental technicians exposed to the monomer methyl methacrylate
Survey covering 293 technicians and students, 81% of whom handled acrylic monomers (mostly methyl methacrylate) daily without skin protection. Current hand dermtitis or previous local dermatological problem was reported by 17% of the respondents. Frequent contact with the monomers increased the rate of the self-reported dermatitis. The frequency of complaints among students increased with seniority. Preventive measures (gloves, better work practices) are discussed.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1985, Vol.11, No.4, p.281-286. 23 ref.

CIS 85-2040 Rom W.N., Krueger G., Zone J., Attfield M.D., Costello J., Burkart J., Turner E.R.
Morbidity survey of U.S. oil shale workers employed during 1948-1969
Evaluation of the health status of 325 workers employed at the Anvil Points, Colorado, demonstration facility from 1948 to 1969. 323 Utah coal miners were used as controls. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among smokers in the 2 groups was similar. 4 cases of skin cancer were found in the oil shale workers against 8 cases in the control group. Skin disorders were similar in both groups (nevi, telangiectasiae, pigment changes, papillomata) except for actinic keratoses which were more prevalent in the oil shale workers. The prevalence of pulmonary cytology metaplasia was associated with years of oil shale work both among smokers and non smokers. Comprehensive medical surveillance of these workers is recommended.
Archives of Environmental Health, Jan.-Feb. 1985, Vol.40, No.1, p.58-62. 24 ref.

CIS 85-1965 Doak S.M.A., Hend R.W., van der Wiel A., Hunt P.F.
Carcinogenic potential of hydrotreated petroleum aromatic extracts
Experiments on mice show that severely hydrotreated petroleum aromatic extracts (with a polycylic aromatic compound - PCA - content ranging from 3.7% to 9.2% by mass) have a much lower capacity to induce skin tumours than does a commercial aromatic extract (PCA content: 19.7% by mass). It is suggested that the PCA content of a product, determined by dimethyl sulfoxide extraction, might be a useful indicator of its carcinogenicity.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1985, Vol.42, No.6, p.380-388. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 85-1964 Flannigan S.A., Tucker S.B., Key M.M., Ross C.E., Fairchild E.J., Grimes B.A., Harrist R.B.
Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides: a dermatological evaluation
This study evaluated the skin sensations of people exposed to field-strength (0.13mg/cm²) fenvalerate and permethrin, both powerful insecticides belonging to the synthetic pyrethroids. Both substances produced paraesthesia lasting 24-28h, with markedly stronger response to fenvalerate, while the inert ingredients used in both insecticides produced no response at all. When skin sensation was tested against the concentration of these insecticides, sensation intensity increased linearly with the logarithm of concentration. Topical application of vitamin E acetate was found to have very high therapeutic value, eliminating almost 100% of the skin pain.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1985, Vol.42, No.6, p.363-372. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 85-1691 Vidović R., Kansky A.
Contact dermatitis in workers processing polyvinyl chloride plastics
Results of patch tests of 2 groups (30 with and 30 without skin lesions) chosen from 400 workers in a plastic shoe factory. The tests included a standard battery of substances plus 4 phthalates widely used as plasticisers. Of the 11 workers with contact dermatitis, 6 were sensitive to phthalates and 5 to coal tar (also present in the granulated vinyl raw material). Reactions to dioctyl phthalate were even more numerous among the asymptomatic subjects than among the others, which shows the high sensitising potential of phthalates.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1985, Vol.33, No.3, p.104-105. 13 ref.

CIS 85-1690 Goerz G., Wirth G., Maas B., Willuhn G.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to Asteraceae (Compositae) - Cross-reaction with Liatris spicata
Allergische Kontaktdermatitis auf Asteraceae (Kompositen) - Kreuzreaktion mit Liatris spicata [in German]
Case study of 2 florists with contact dermatitis due to an allergy to chrysanthemums. Patch tests showed that the two were also allergic to an American species of the Asteraceae (Liatris spicata). The genus Liatris comprises about 30 species, from which many allergenic sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated. The structures of some representative compounds are presented. In cases of chrysanthemum allergy, it is likely that there will be cross-reactions with European members of the Asteraceae (Aster, Helianthus, Achillea) and with species of Liatris.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1985, Vol.33, No.3, p.95-98. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 85-1728 Vågerö D., Ahlbom A., Olin R., Sahlsten S.
Cancer morbidity among workers in the telecommunications industry
A retrospective cohort study of 2918 Swedish telecommunication workers, with cancer morbidity examined for the period 1958-1979. Total cancer morbidity was as expected. There was an excess risk of malignant malanoma (12 observed, 4.6 expected), with a particular association found with soldering work within the industry.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1985, Vol.42, No.3, p.191-195. 20 ref.

CIS 85-1759
(Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Sozialordnung)
Data sheet on medical examination in accordance with [section] 13 02 of Annex 1 of the Ordinance on Occupational Diseases
Merkblatt für die ärztliche Untersuchung zu Nr.13 02 der Anlage 1 zur Berufskrankheitenverordnung (BeKV) [in German]
This data sheet concerns the medical examinations to be carried out for detection and assessment of occupational diseases due to halogenated hydrocarbons. It contains information on the harmful substances according to their uses (solvents, pesticides, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, separating agents, fire extinguishants, raw materials and intermediates, dielectrics, anaesthetics and disinfectants), their pathophysiology, the clinical picture of their effects and diagnosis.
Bundesarbeitsblatt, June 1985, No.6, p.55-57. 20 ref.

CIS 85-1369 Phytophotodermatitis among grocery workers
14 out of 52 employees at a supermarket developed rashes in the upper extremities, with residual blistering or hyperpigmentation. There was a positive correlation between these symptoms and current exposure to fresh vegetables and flowers at work, and to ultraviolet light in a tanning salon. A multiplicative interaction between these factors is suggested in the aetiology of these cases.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 8 Feb. 1985, Vol.235, No.6, p.753. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 85-1079 Cambridge G.W., Goodwin B.F.J.
Allergy to chemicals and organic substances in the workplace
A survey of substances in the workplace that may cause allergic reactions, with discussions of the mechanisms of such reactions. Coverage: allergic contact dermatitis; sensitisation and the respiratory tract; diagnostic procedures; substances provoking allergic reactions (metals and metal salts, synthetic resins, polymers, plastics, chemicals used in the rubber industry, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, plants, wood and vegetable dusts, foodstuffs, animal dusts, sera and secretions from animals, enzymes); dust and aerosol monitoring; animal models of allergic responses.
Science Reviews Ltd., 28 High Ash Drive, Leeds LS17 8RA, United Kingdom, 1984. 79p. 208 ref. Price: £7.00.

1984

CIS 86-1387 Fischer T., Rystedt I.
Dermatological investigation of a hard metal factory. Part 3. Patch testing: materials, techniques and test reactions
Hudundersökning vid en hardmetallindustri - Del 3: Epikutantestning: material, teknik och testreaktioner [in Swedish]
853 individuals currently or previously employed in work with hard metals were patch tested with twenty different substances found in their working and home environments. Almost all the subjects displaying positive patch test reactions, and most subjects with reactions judged as irritant or doubtful, were retested with a duplicate (water and petrolatum base) serial dilution test. More than 200 individuals and 360 patch test reactions were evaluated in this manner. Strongly positive patch test ractions were almost always reproduced, whereas weakly positive or doubtful reactions were very seldom reproduced. A total of 88 individuals and 107 patch test reactions were judged to be relevant positive. If the primary results had been accepted, 110 subjects and 178 patch test reactions would have been accepted as having a background of contact sensitisation. It is still unclear whether 10 of the patch test reactions were of allergic or irritant origin.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1984. 37p. 25 ref.

CIS 86-1386 Fischer T., Rystedt I.
Dermatological investigation of a hard metal factory. Part 2. Hand eczema, contact sensitisation and preventive measures
Hudundersökning vid en hårdmetallindustri - Del 2. Handeksem, kontaktsensibilisering och förebyggande åtgärder [in Swedish]
776 of 800 workers in a hard metal factory were examined. The prevalence of hand eczema was 10%. Workers who had left the industry the past 10 years and who were registered as having had hand eczema were also examined. A 10-year cumulative incidence of hand eczema was estimated at 17%. Wet grinding and oil grinding presented the highest risk of incurring hand eczema. 18% of the workers with hand eczema and 5.7% of those without, displayed positive patch test reactions. Hard metal contains about 10% cobalt. 39 workers were sensitive to cobalt. A work related hand eczema was found in 36 of these individuals. The investigation resulted in technical measures, medical supervision, health control and an educational program. The frequency of cobalt sensitization and hand eczema has declined significantly.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1984. 65p. Illus. 47 ref.

CIS 86-1385 Fischer T., Rystedt I.
Dermatological investigation of a hard metal factory. Part 1. Background, experimental methods and results of clinical investigation
Hudundersökning vid en hårdmetallindustri - Del 1. Bakgrund, försöksplanering och resultat av klinisk undersökning [in Swedish]
776 of 800 workers in a hard metal factory were dermatologically investigated. The prevalence of hand eczema and irritant reactions of the hands was 10% and 15% respectively. The cumulative incidence of hand eczema for a 10-year period was estimated to be 17%. Wet grinding and oil grinding entailed the highest risks of hand eczema. Hand eczema was significantly more common in individuals with an atopic background. The psoriasis prevalence (3.6%) was somewhat higher than expected. Even though oil mist values were well below established safety limits, acne vulgaris was more common than expected. Other skin diseases displayed the anticipated low prevalence. No cases of skin cancer were found.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1984. 57p. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 86-1100 Atanasov S., Marčev A.
Fishing region as a factor affecting skin diseases among sailors of the deep-sea fishing fleet
Rajonat na ribolov kato faktor, vlijaešč varhu kožnite zaboljavanija na morjacite ot okeanskija riboloven flot [in Bulgarian]
Skin morbidity was studied among 970 sailors of the Bulgarian ocean fishing fleet. The observed high morbidity can be attributed to occupational factors on board and ashore. Dermatomycoses were the predominant complaint (affecting 26.5% of the subjects), followed by dermatitis and eczemas (19.5%) and pyoderma. The highest morbidity rate (139%) occurred in the north-west Atlantic region, which was followed by the central West African Atlantic region (52.4%) and the south-east Atlantic region (38.3%).
Higiena i zdraveopazvane, 1984, Vol.27, No.2, p.122-129. Illus 10 ref.

CIS 86-1088 Bajnova A., Madžunov N.
Quantitative assessment of the irritating effect of butanol, octanol, acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde on human skin
Količestveno opredeliane na kožnoto draznešto dejstvie na butanol, oktanol, acetaldehid i krotonov aldehid vărhu hora [in Bulgarian]
A method was elaborated for quantitative assessment of the irritating effect of 4 solvents after a 24h contact with healthy subjects. The irritating effect of octanol is significantly weaker than that of butanol. Crotonaldehyde is the strongest irritant. The threshold skin irritating concentrations are 12% octanol, 7.8% butanol, 1.2% acetaldehyde and 0.12% crotonaldehyde in vegetable oil. The following allergic concentrations in vegetable oil are recommended for epicutaneous testing of subjects with occupational or everyday home contact allergy to paints, varnishes, glues, cleaning and defatting agents and anticorrosive preparations: 6% octanol, 4% butanol, 0.6% acetaldehyde and 0.06% crotonaldehyde.
Problemi na higienata, July 1984, Vol.9, p.66-72. 17 ref.

CIS 86-473 Hegyi E., Jakubík A.
Skin damage from work with phenyl glycidyl ether
Kožné poškodenia pri práci s fenylglycidyléterom [in Slovak]
A small epidemic of skin damage occurred after the introduction of lubricating oils with the stabiliser phenyl glycidyl ether. Of 74 exposed workers, 16 developed contact sensitisation to phenyl glycidyl ether. After replacement of this oil with another one free of the implicated substance, no further cases of skin damage were reported.
Pracovní lékařství, 1984, Vol.36, No.4, p.121-122. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 86-167 Halepo A.I., Veselovskaja K.A., Lapina L.M., Popova S.M., Voroncov R.S.
Bases for a MAC for α,α,α-trichloro-4-chlorotoluene in workplace air
Materialy po obosnovaniju PDK α,α,α-trihlor-4-hlortoluola v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
The title compound (an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, etc.) was administered to rats, mice, rabbits and guinea pigs by stomach tube, inhalation and application to the skin. It showed moderate toxicity on intragastric administration (LD₅₀ 700mg/kg for mice, 1000mg/kg for rats), but was highly toxic on inhalation (LC₅₀ 125mg/m³ for both). The compound was toxic on chronic administration over a wide range of doses. It was cumulative, sensitising and absorbed by the skin. A MAC of 0.01mg/m³ (vapour + aerosol) is proposed, with the additional warning "skin absorption".
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1984, No.6, p.41-43. 4 ref.

CIS 85-1963 Fancalanci S., Giorgini S., Gola M., Sertoli A.
Occupational dermatitis in a butcher
A 45-year-old butcher developed a dermatitis which spread from his fingers to his head. In patch tests, wood scraped from the knife handle and an alcoholic extract of the wood gave positive reactions. Although some constituents of the wood (Indian palisander, Dalbergia latifolia) are known sensitisers, none of them gave a positive reaction in patch tests. When the patient stopped using the knife, the dermatitis disappeared.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1984, Vol.11, No.5, p.320-321. 10 ref.

CIS 85-1962 Verschaeve A., Loncke J., Dooms-Goossens A.
Occupational contrast media dermatitis: meglumine diatrizoate
A 25-year-old male nurse working in a radiology department developed itching lesions on his fingers and a papular eczema under a metal watch band. The contrast media Angiografin and Urografin were found to provoke the lesions. One ingredient of these media, meglumine diatrizoate, was identified as the cause of the lesions. Sensitisation probably first occurred when the material entered the patient's body through a cut. Avoidance of contact with contrast media prevented recurrence of the problem.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1984, Vol.11, No.5, p.318-319. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 85-1961 Goh C.L., Soh S.D.
Occupational dermatoses in Singapore
Statistics for 1983 from the Singapore Occupational Dermatoses Clinic. 97% of 389 cases were contact dermatitis, of which 66.3% were irritant and 33.7% allergic, in both male and female workers. Cutting oils, solvents and flux from the engineering and electronic industries were the commonest irritants, and chromate from cement in the construction industry was the commonest allergen. The other occupational allergens were rubber chemicals and epoxy resins. The construction industry was the largest source of occupational dermatoses cases seen; possible preventive measures are discussed.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1984, Vol.11, No.5, p.288-293. 30 ref.

CIS 85-1944 Freeman K., Warin A.P.
Contact dermatitis due to Bisphenol A in semi-synthetic waxes
A worker engaged in producing moulds for turbine blades developed a severe rash in response to certain pattern waxes. Patch testing showed that Bisphenol A, which makes up 15-30% of the given waxes, was the agent responsible. Although sensitisation to Bisphenol A has been reported in the epoxy resin industry, this is the first reported case associated with semi-synthetic waxes.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1984, Vol.11, No.4, p.259-260. 6 ref.

CIS 85-1943 Yamasaki R., Dekio S., Jidoi J.
Allergic contact dermatitis to ammonium thioglycolate
Four hairdresser apprentices developed eczematous dermatitis on both hands. Patch testing identified ammonium thioglycolate, a component of permanent-wave solution, as the agent responsible. Although ammonium thioglycolate is recognised as an irritant, the duration of the dermatitis in the present cases indicates an allergic response to the compound.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1984, Vol.11, No.4, p.255. 4 ref.

CIS 85-1942 Goh C.L., Ng S.K.
Allergic contact dermatitis to Ranitidine
First report of allergic contact dermatitis in response to the antiulcer drug Ranitidine. The victim worked in the packaging section of a pharmaceutical plant. The problem was solved by transferring the worker to another section of the plant.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1984, Vol.11, No.4, p.252. 3 ref.

CIS 85-1941 Bedello P.G., Goitre M., Alovisi V., Cane D.
Contact dermatitis caused by cobalt naphthenate
A nurse who developed a facial rash in response to a rubber mask and an industrial worker who developed dermatitis of the hands when handling windshield-wiper blades tested positive to cobalt naphthenate and cobalt sulfate in patch tests. These are the first reported cases of sensitivity to cobalt naphthenate, which is widely used as a curing agent in rubbers and polyester resins.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1984, Vol.11, No.4, p.247. 1 ref.

CIS 85-1939 Conde-Salazar L., Guimeraens D., Romero L., Harto A.
Contact dermatitis caused by azo pigments
Dermitis de contacto por colorantes azoicos [in Spanish]
Chemical description of azo colouring agents and of allergic skin reactions they caused in 3 subjects.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Oct.-Dec. 1984, Vol.31, No.124, p.29-33. Illus.

CIS 85-1936 MacKie R.M.
Current perspectives in immunodermatology
This book, written for physicians, has 3 chapters dealing with topics of interest to OSH specialists. Chapter 7 (photoimmunology and cutaneous photosensitivity) discusses the dermatological effects of exposure to sunlight or to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), including photodermatoses, photoallergy, solar urticaria, photosensitive eczema, persistent light reaction and UVR effects on allergic contact hypersensitivity. Chapter 11 (cutaneous manifestations of connective tissue diseases) discusses the possibility that lupus lesions might be caused, among others, by exposure to UVR in the 290-320nm range. Chapter 15 (allergic contact dermatitis) summarises recent research results and mentions common contact sensitisers such as rubber gloves, metals, resins and rubber.
Churchill Livingstone Inc., Fourth Ave., Harlow, Essex CM19 5AA, United Kingdom, 1984. 289p. Illus. Bibl. Price: £20.00.

CIS 85-1934 Lovell C.R., Rycroft R.J.G., Matood J.
Isolated Cardura E10 sensitivity in an epoxy resin chemical process
Report of dermatitis developed by a worker in an epoxy resin plant. Patch testing showed that the diluent Cardura E10 was responsible for the rash. Although Cardura E10 has been implicated in other cases of dermatitis, previous studies have suggested that the epoxy group of the diluent was the sensitiser; no sensitivity to epoxides was found in the present case.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1984, Vol.11, No.3, p.190-191. 2 ref.

CIS 85-1933 Shmunes E., Keil J.
The role of atopy in occupational dermatoses
Hay fever was the commonest symptom of atopy among 134 individuals who had been compensated for work-related skin disease in the state of South Carolina (USA). A history of previous eczema and a history of wool intolerance differed significantly between those with contact dermatitis and those with other work-related dermatoses. The role of atopy was important among the more serious cases, accounting for 93% of the cases resulting in job loss.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1984, Vol.11, No.3, p.174-178. 19 ref.

CIS 85-1932 Freeman S.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in gum arabic
Proxel GXL (1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one) is a preservative widely used in industry. The manufacturer states that it is a known skin irritant and sensitiser, but these facts are not well known. In the given case, a lithoprinter developed a contact allergy to the compound when it was used in the gum arabic solution used to coat printing rollers. Proxel GXL should be included in the patch test battery used for printers and other workers who may encounter the compound in engineering fluids, adhesives, paints, etc.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1984, Vol.II, No.3, p.146-149. 9 ref.

CIS 85-1359 Hartmann A.
Wood as a disease-causing agent
Le bois en tant qu'agent pathogène [in French]
This booklet, part of the collection "Médecine du travail" (Occupational Medicine), surveys the clinical, aetiologic and pathogenic aspects of diseases caused by wood dust: harmful woods, active substances, hazard sources, pathogenesis; clinical table of skin and respiratory diseases; medical and therapeutical preventive measures. In Switzerland, wood dust appears in the list of harmful substances established by the Ordinance on accident insurance. Diseases caused by wood dust during work activities are considered to be occupational diseases. Indigenous and foreign types of harmful wood and the number of cases in Switzerland are given.
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1984, No.15, Médecine du travail. 10p. 26 ref.

CIS 85-1069 Zuckerman A.J.
Palaeontology of smallpox
A discussion of whether archaeologists and anthropologists who handle incompletely decomposed bodies (possibly victims of smallpox) are at risk of being infected with smallpox. It is suggested that scientists in this kind of research be immunised against the disease, not only for their own protection, but also to prevent the reintroduction of smallpox into the general population.
Lancet, 22/29 Dec. 1984, Vol.2, No.8417/8, p.1454. 5 ref.

CIS 85-775 Conde-Salazar L., Guimaraens D., Romero L., González M.A., Harto A.
Contact allergy to para-tertiary butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP)
Sensibilidad de contacto a resina para-terciario-butil-feno-formol (Resina PTBP) [in Spanish]
A study of 1,400 patients in an occupational dermatology clinic. Positive patch tests to PTBP were found in 15 cases, of which 3 could be identified as of certain occupational origin (all 3 were shoemakers with exposure to PTBP-containing glue).
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, July-Sep. 1984, Vol.31, No.123, p.27-35. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 85-747 Saito Y., Mochizuki A., Hidano A., Ishizu S.
Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers
8 hairdressers with occupational contact dermatitis of the hands and forearms were examined by patch tests. Para-phenylenediamine (PPDA) produced positive reactions in 6 of 7 patients tested. None of 7 patients showed positive reactions to nickel sulfate, which seems to be a common allergen in hairdressers abroad. Among the 8 cases, 4 cases were considered to be allergic contact dermatitis due to PPDA (3 cases) or mercaptobenzothiazole (1 case), 3 cases were mixed contact dermatitis, and the others were irritant contact dermatitis.
Journal of Tokyo Women's Medical College, Apr. 1984, Vol.54, No.4, p.327-331. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 85-847 Malten K.E., Seutter E.
Contact dermatitis from acrylated resins in UV Ebecryl printing inks
Contact dermatitis was observed in a male printer and a maintenance mechanic exposed to the UV-sensitive printing ink UV temp Schwarz which was believed to contain a black pigment, 3 acrylated Ebecryl resins, 3 photoinitiators and trimethylol propane triacrylate.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1984, Vol.11, No.1, p.56-58. 9 ref.

CIS 85-796 Gonçalo S.
Occupational contact dermatitis to Frullania
Outbreaks of contact dermatitis were observed in 2 female and 10 male workers 24-48h after contact with Frullania resulting from fruit picking, pruning of trees or cutting of wood. Olive, chestnut and apple trees were involved. Positive patch test reactions were observed when small pieces of fresh plant uncontaminated by lichens were used. Frullania has been responsible for 12% of occupational eczema among rural workers in the last 2 years.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1984, Vol.11, No.1, p.54-55. 10 ref.

CIS 85-739 Kassis V., Vedel P., Darre E.
Contact dermatitis to methyl methacrylate
Two nurses who mixed bone cement containing methyl methacrylate at orthopaedic operations developed contact dermatitis. During the procedure the nurses used 2 pairs of latex gloves. Butyl rubber gloves are recommended for use with methyl methacrylate monomer to avoid sensitisation and cumulative irritant contact dermatitis on the hands.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1984, Vol.11, No.1, p.26-28. 8 ref.

CIS 85-738 Andersen K.E., Hamann K.
How sensitizing is chlorocresol? Allergy tests in guinea pigs versus the clinical experience
The sensitising potential of the biocide chlorocresol, used widely in pharmaceutical products, was judged strong using the guinea pig maximisation test (GPMT) and doubtful in the less sensitive open epicutaneous test. An optimal sensitising concentration above which no further increase in the sensitisation rate occurred was found. Rechallenge after 2 weeks showed a marked decrease in sensitivity. Consecutive human patch tests with 2% chlorocresol showed 11 reactions among 1,462 patients tested, but none were explainable and reproducible during re-tests and provocative tests indicating that the GPMT overestimated the sensitisation potential.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1984, Vol.11, No.1, p.11-20. 29 ref.

CIS 85-852 Venkitaraman A.R., John T.J.
The epidemiology of varicella in staff and students of a hospital in the tropics
A 5-year epidemiological survey of the incidence of varicella (chickenpox) among staff and students (2874 persons in all) of a hospital in India revealed an annual rate of 0.72 cases per 100. The incidence was highest among 17-24 year old student nurses (3.22 cases per 100 per year). Most cases occurred during the cooler and more humid parts of the year. Complement-fixing antibodies to varicella-zoster virus were found in only 44 of 102 serum samples taken from student nurses, showing a much lower level of immunity to varicella than in the USA. A programme of preventive immunisation among hospital workers is recommended.
International Journal of Epidemiology, Dec. 1984, Vol.13, No.4, p.502-505. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 85-485 Marks J.G., Trautlein J.J., Zwillich C.W., Demers L.M.
Contact urticaria and airway obstruction from carbonless copy paper
A 27-year old woman experienced pruritus, eye and throat irritation, hoarseness, shortness of breath and fatigue within 30min of exposure to carbonless copy paper. In 2 tests, contact urticaria occurred in the hand holding the paper, and changes in pulmonary function flow-volume loops characteristic of upper airway obstruction appeared. During the second exposure both prostaglandin F₂α and thromboxane B₂ increased substantially, indicating that the symptoms observed were related to prostaglandin release. Similar symptoms were found in 59 workers in a subsequent plant survey.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 24 Aug. 1984, Vol.252, No.8, p.1038-1040. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 85-484 Nethercott J.R., Lawrence M.J., Roy A.M., Gibson B.L.
Airborne contact urticaria due to sodium benzoate in a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant
3 workers exposed to sodium benzoate (SB) developed transient urticaria after skin contamination with the substance. Patch test responses to SB and benzoic acid (BA) without occlusion were positive. Sweating, which lowers skin pH and increases topical BA concentration, appeared to increase the susceptibility to urticaria in 2 of the 3 workers. Ventilation and protective clothing reduced SB skin contamination and eliminated the problem in the workplace.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1984, Vol.26, No.10, p.734-736.

CIS 85-474 Nethercott J.R., Gupta S., Rosen C., Enders L.J., Pilger C.W.
Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate: A cause of delayed cutaneous irritant reaction and allergic contact dermatitis
A woman who worked as a materials handler in a plant manufacturing acrylated chemicals developed a contact allergy to tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA) after accidental exposure. 4 co-workers experienced skin irritation 12-36h after contact with TEGDA but had no immediate reaction at the time of exposure. The chemical sensitised the guinea pig in a maximisation test. Variation of the administration of Freund's complete adjuvent, the intradermal concentration injected for induction and the diluent used for injection made it possible to alter the apparent sensitisation potential of TEGDA.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1984, Vol.26, No.7, p.513-516. 15 ref.

CIS 85-460 Wahlberg J.E.
Erythema-inducing effects of solvents following epicutaneous administration to man - Studied by laser Doppler flowmetry
The use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), a non-invasive technique which allows for continuous recording, for the assessment of erythema is described. 11 solvents were applied for ≥5min to the volar forearms of a man and the kinetics of response indicated an increase in blood flow, over pre-treatment values, for the 7 solvents dimethyl sulfoxide, trichloroethylene, hexane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The 4 solvents methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, propylene glycol, and distilled water did not influence blood flow. The findings using LDF were examined in relation to the macroscopic picture (whitening and erythema) and in relation to previous studies of the oedema-inducing effects of the same solvents on man and animals. LDF is more sensitive and reliable than the naked eye in the determination of cases of marginal irritancy and for predictive testing.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, June 1984, Vol.10, No.3, p.159-162. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 85-498 Suskind R.R., Hertzberg V.S.
Human health effects of 2,4,5-T and its toxic contaminants
A clinical epidemiological study was conducted on a population consisting of 204 white males exposed to the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and contaminants such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, as a result of employment in the production of 2,4,5-T between 1948 and 1969, and 163 white males currently or formerly employed at the same plant but never associated with production or maintenance functions. In the exposed group clinical evidence of chloracne persisted in 55.7%, but none was found among unexposed workers. Persistence of chloracne was also associated with the presence and severity of actinic elastosis of the skin. An association was found between exposure and the history of gastrointestinal tract ulcer. Among smokers, pulmonary function values were lower among exposed workers than among unexposed workers. An evidence was found of increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, renal damage or central or peripheral nervous system problems.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 11 May 1984, Vol.251, No.18, p.2372-2380. 42 ref.

CIS 85-209 Gevers D., Jacques P.
Dermatological problems caused by cutting fluids
Huidproblemen door snijvloeistoffen [in Dutch]
Analysis of skin diseases caused by cutting fluids classified from a dermatological point of view according to their water content; pure mineral oils rarely cause eczema - instead, they cause oil acne and skin tumours; cutting fluids with high water content (soluble oils, semi-synthetic and synthetic liquids) cause skin problems such as (commonly) irritant contact dermatitis, and (less commonly) allergic contact dermatitis. Preventive measures can be applied at the level of the liquid, the machines or the workers. Some of these measures are described.
Cahiers de médecine du travail - Cahiers voor arbeidsgeneeskunde, Sep. 1984, Vol.21, No.2, p.81-86. 28 ref.

CIS 84-2002 Hombach W.
Skin protection in the factory. A working program
In the first stage of a programme to reduce skin disease a survey was conducted to identify what hazardous materials and what means of protection were in use, by which workers and in which operations. A skin protection plan was then developed to provide information about the most effective prevention for specific substances and circumstances. The skin care programme costs US$1.00 per month per employee compared with US$1,500 per month for a case of occupational dermatosis.
National Safety News, Feb. 1984, Vol.129, No.2, p.26-29. Illus.

CIS 84-2001 Prevention of epoxy dermatitis
Education of supervisors and workers, use of protective creams and barriers, personal cleanliness, adequate ventilation, and good company housekeeping are suggested as 5 basic means of preventing occupational dermatitis due to contact with epoxy resins and amino hardening agents.
National Safety News, Feb. 1984, Vol.129, No.2, p.24.

CIS 84-2000 Dionne E.D.
Industrial dermatitis - it's more than skin deep
The characteristics and function of skin are described, and the causes and forms of occupational dermatitis are discussed. Between 1972 and 180 skin diseases and disorders accounted for 40% of all reported occupational diseases annually. These diseases cost 200,000 lost work days and US$9.6 million in lost productivity. Occupational dermatitis occurs in all industries. Causes include mechanical friction, pressure and trauma, physical effects (heat, cold, electricity, sunlight), and exposure to biological agents and chemicals. Fundamentals of prevention are outlined.
National Safety News, Feb. 1984, Vol.129, No.2, p.17-21. Illus. 1 ref. Bibl.

CIS 84-2013 Nakamura T.
Tobacco dermatitis in Japanese harvesters
Tobacco dermatitis has been reported much more frequently among tobacco factory workers than among field workers. This report documents 2 cases in field workers in Japan. Skin eruptions followed mechanical irritation of the skin by tobacco leaves. Treatment of the lesions with dexamethasone and an antihistamine was successful.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1984, Vol.10, No.5, p.310. 4 ref.

CIS 84-1948 Goh C.L., Kwok S.F., Rajan V.S.
Cross sensitivity in colour developers
Four workers in photographic developing laboratories in Singapore developed allergic contact dermatitis in response to the colour developer CD4 (2-amino-5-(N-ethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino)toluene sulfonate); they presented with lichen planus-like eruptions and 1 with an eczematous reaction. Patch tests showed that the patients were also sensitive to the chemically related developers CD2 and CD3. 3 of the 4 workers were unable to return to their jobs. Although the 4th took protective measures when returning to work, the dermatitis recurred.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1984, Vol.10, No.5, p.280-285. Illus. 9 ref.

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