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Skin diseases - 1,481 entries found

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  • Skin diseases

1986

CIS 86-1288 Cutting oils, emulsions, and drawing compounds
This data sheet discusses cutting oils, emulsions, and drawing pastes and compounds that are used in metal cutting and drawing processes. Emphasis is placed on dermatoses caused by exposure to these products. Methods for preventing these skin disorders and recommended hygienic practices are covered.
National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 1986. 5p. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 86-1092 Nethercott J.R., MacPherson M., Choi B.C.K., Nixon P.
Contact dermatitis in hairdressers
Eighteen cases of hand dermatitis in hairdressers seen over a 5-year period are reviewed. The diagnosis in these patients are discussed with reference to other studies of hand dermatitis in hairdressers. Contact allergy due to paraphenylenediamine and related hair dyes was the presenting complaint in younger hairdressers, while formaldehyde allergy occurred in those who were older. The prognosis in the former group of workers with respect to continued employment in the trade tended to be poorer than in the latter. Follow-up revealed that hand dermatitis often resulted in the worker not continuing to work in the hairdressing trade.
Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1986, Vol.14, No.2, p.73-79. 18 ref.

CIS 86-1036 Scolnick B., Collins J.
Systemic reaction to methylmethacrylate in an operating room nurse
The reaction was caused by exposure to monomer emission during the mixing of orthopaedic cement in the operating room. The reaction was marked by hypertension, dyspnoea and generalised erythroderma; recovery of the patient was uneventful. A review of the toxicology of methylmethacrylate monomers shows that they affect the nervous, cardiovascular, cutaneous, gastro-intestinal and respiratory systems. MMA levels measured during the 30min orthopaedic procedure did not exceed 1.5ppm.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1986, Vol.28, No.3, p.196-198. 9 ref.

CIS 86-1074 Millard L.G.
Multiple pigmented papular basal cell carcinomas: a new pattern of industrial tar induced skin tumours
Case study of a man who developed deeply pigmented multicentric basal cell carcinoma on his face and neck after life-long exposure to tar acids, light oils and benzol while working next to coking ovens. This is a rare (and less invasive) condition than the squamous cell carcinoma common in the tar industry.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1986, Vol.43, No.2, p.134-136. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 86-961 Taylor W., Pelmear P.L.
Scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin
This paper reviews the classification and clinical features of the sclerodermas and details the evidence required for a correct differential diagnosis when Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin with finger-pulp ulceration is being evaluated for compensation purposes.
Occupational Health in Ontario, Winter 1986, Vol.7, No.1, p.2-11. 21 ref.

CIS 86-741 Condé-Salazar L., Guimaraens D., Romero L.V., Gonzalez M.A.
Occupational dermatitis from cephalosporins
First report of allergic contact dermatitis from cephalosporins. A chemical analyst from a pharmaceutical laboratory developed erythema, oedema and papulovesicular lesions on both eyelids. The agents responsible were identified by patch testing. The lesions cleared without treatment on cessation of exposure.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1986, Vol.14, No.1, p.70-71. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 86-740 Hjerpe L.
Chromate dermatitis in an engine assembly department
In an automotive engine assembly department, about 150 assemblers handle zinc-plated components that have been coated with hexavalent chromium (chromates). Protective gloves cannot be used, as fingertip feel is needed, and each assembler has almost continous contact with chromate-coated parts. This has caused 9 cases of chromate dermatitis since the coating was introduced in 1976. All the victims have suffered from the effects of steroid ointments as well as from relapses of eczema. Although so-called yellow chromation is clearly unsuitable for components that are manually handled, no alternative has been developed and its use is spreading.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1986, Vol.14, No.1, p.66-67. 2 ref.

CIS 86-739 Estlander T., Jolanki R., Kanerva L.
Dermatitis and urticaria from rubber and plastic gloves
Analysis of 542 cases of allergic occupational glove dermatosis diagnosed in Finland during 1974-1983. Among these, 68 (12.5%) were caused by rubber or plastic gloves. Two patients had contact urticaria due to rubber gloves. Gloves were the main cause of occupational allergic rubber eczema, including 63 (58.3%) of 108 rubber eczema cases: 38 of them had positive reactions to rubber chemicals and glove material, 14 to glove material only, and 11 to rubber chemicals. Five cases of allergic eczema from plastic gloves were diagnosed by a provocation test. Epicutaneous testing with material of natural rubber gloves and rubber chemicals was negative. The present study shows that allergy to rubber gloves is usual, while allergy to plastic gloves is rare. Thus, plastic gloves should be used, when possible. Patch testing with protective gloves should always be used when patients develop prolonged hand dermatitis and where the possibility of glove eczema exists.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1986, Vol.14, No.1, p.20-25. 22 ref.

CIS 86-738 Singgih S.I.R., Lantinga H., Nater J.P., Woest T.E., Kruyt-Gaspersz J.A.
Occupational hand dermatoses in hospital cleaning personnel
Hospital cleaning personnel were examined for occupational dermatoses; 356 persons were included in the study. Their ages were 20-63 years with a mean of 40.1 years. The period prevalence rate of moderate and severe eczema was 12% (10% in men and 19% in women). In 88%, the eczema was of a duration longer than 2 years. Positive patch tests were found in 10% of men and 53% of women with eczema. The main allergens were nickel, cobalt, chromate and rubber chemicals. Positive tests to cleaning agents were rare. One case of contact allergy to sodium dichloroisocyanurate and one to Lysol were diagnosed. Irritant factors played a major role in most cases (92%). Fungus infection as a cause or complication in hand eczema should not be left out of consideration: in 2 persons, a mycosis of hands and/or fingernails was diagnosed.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1986, Vol.14, No.1, p.14-19. 11 ref.

CIS 86-844 Orris P., Worobec S., Kahn G., Hryhorczuk D., Hessl S.
Chloracne in firefighters
This letter to the editor provides a case study of 2 firefighters who developed lesions consistent with chloracne. Both of them had been exposed to silicon tetrachloride during a spill, as well as to other chloracnegens in their professional life.
Lancet, 25 Jan. 1986, Vol.1, No.8474, p.210-211. Illus. 4 ref.

1985

CIS 88-1035 Conde-Salazar L., Romero L.V., Guimaraens D., Sánchez Yus E., González M.
Interdigital fistula and trichogranuloma among barbers (Barber's hair sinus)
Fístula y tricogranuloma inter-digital de los peluqueros/Fístula y tricogranuloma inter-digital de los peluqueros [in Spanish]
Description of this interdigital skin disease caused by the penetration of hair in the epidermis and most frequently affecting barbers' hands. A case study is included in the article.
Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, Jan.-Mar. 1985, Vol.32, No.126, p.27-30. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 88-492 Griffiths W.A.D., Wilkinson D.S.
Essentials of industrial dermatology
Contents of this book written for occupational physicians: industrial dermatitis in the United Kingdom; industrial dermatitis today and its prevention; investigation of industrial dermatitis; constitutional skin disease in industry; some causes of error in the diagnosis of occupational dermatoses; primary irritants and solvents; soluble oil dermatitis; hand eczema in industry and the home; causes of unexpected persistence of an occupational dermatitis; chemical-induced acne; personal protective equipment (protective gloves, barrier creams), principles in dermatitis litigation.
Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd., Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 OEL, Oxon., United Kingdom, 1985. 158p. Illus. Bibl. Index. Price: GBP 15.00.

CIS 87-1244
FITIM - Conselho de Segurança Laboral
Allergy at work
Alergia no trabalho [in Portuguese]
Instruction manual on occupational allergies, based on material developed by a Swedish labour union organisation, and to be used in safety courses for workers in Brazil. It covers: medical description of allergies and the immune system; the most common substances that irritate the respiratory system; allergic and non-allergic asthma; eczema and substances causing contact; dermatitis; diagnosis, treatment and prevention of eczema.
Departamento Profissional dos Metalúrgicos, Rua Curitiba, 1.269, CEP 30170, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; International Metalworkers Federation, 54bis route des Acacias, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland, 1985. 49p. Illus.

CIS 86-1688 Jirásek L.
Dermotropic hazards in electron microscopy laboratories
Dermotropní rizika v laboratořích elektronové mikroskopie [in Czech]
The primary dermotropic risk in work with electron microscopes is synthetic resins, especially epoxy resins, because of their potent allergising effect (3 cases of occupational contact eczema are mentioned). Other less strong allergens and irritants are not as hazardous. Damage by accelerated electrons and secondary x-ray radiation does not occur at work with the improved microscopes used currently.
Československá dermatologie, 1985, Vol.60, No.6, p.371-378. 14 ref.

CIS 86-1378 Hubačová L., Borský I., Strelka F.
Morbidity of female health-care workers according to their work category
Chorobnos@t6 zdravotníckych pracovníčok v súvislosti s ich pracovným zaradením [in Slovak]
Morbidity of 1,183 health-care personnel in two city hospitals was monitored for 1 year. Most frequent were: respiratory illness (22.4%), musculoskeletal disorders (20.2%), urogenital disorders (14.1%), digestive tract disorders (10.2%), diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissues (7.1%). In comparison with sick leave of employed women in the city as a whole, nurses suffered from a higher incidence of musculoskeletal, urogential, dermatological and circulatory disorders and of infectious hepatitis. Measures for improvement are recommended.
Pracovní lékařství, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.16-19. Illus. 25 ref.

CIS 86-754 Foussereau J.
Allergic dermatitis due to mercaptobenzothiazole and its derivatives
L'eczéma allergique au mercaptobenzothiazole et ŕ ses dérivés [in French]
Mercaptobenzothiazole, used mostly as a rubber vulcanisation accelerator, is the agent responsible for rubber intolerance. It is also present in certain cutting oils and in antifreeze. Aspects covered in this data sheet: chemical formulae; frequency of allergic response and occupational sectors in danger of exposure; allergological studies; preventive measures and compensation.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, Oct. 1985, No.24, p.13-16. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 86-753 Foussereau J.
Allergic dermatitis due to native woods, the lichens and liverworts
L'eczéma allergique aux bois de pays et ŕ leurs lichens et hépatiques [in French]
Clinical and allergological study. Native (European) woods can be the cause of allergic dermatitis, either directly because of allergic reactions to their resins and oils, or indirectly because of reactions to lichens or liverworts (in particular, Frullania).
Documents pour le médecin du travail, May 1985, No.23, p.15-18. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 86-752 Foussereau J.
Allergic dermatitis due to glutaraldehyde
L'eczéma allergique au glutaraldéhyde [in French]
Most cases of dermatitis due to glutaraldehyde (GTA) occur in hospital staff, dentists and dental assistants, and workers in radiology. Tests exist for the differentiation of allergy and irritation. There seems to be no cross-allergy between GTA and formaldehyde, but contact with a product containing both substances can result in a false positive reaction to GTA if the subject is allergic to formaldehyde. People allergic to GTA can be intolerant of tanned leather and drugs containing GTA.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, May 1985, No.23, p.13-14. 13 ref.

CIS 86-734 English J.S.C., Lovell C.R., Rycroft R.J.G.
Contact dermatitis from dibutyl maleate
Study of 2 cases of contact dermatitis resulting from contact with polyvinyl acetate adhesives containing dibutyl maleate. One victim was a part-time maker of plastic book covers; the other was a cleaner who worked on furnaces containing glue residues. The cause of the eczema was identified by patch testing. Cessation of exposure solved the problem.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1985, Vol.13, No.5, p.337-338. 4 ref.

CIS 86-733 Nilsson E.
Contact sensitivity and urticaria in "wet" work
A group of 142 hospital workers with current hand eczema was identified among 2452 recently employed persons surveyed; 91% were female. Atopy, metal dermatitis and a prior history of hand eczema were more common in the smaller group than in the larger one. Trivial irritant factors were claimed to have elicited the current episodes of eczema in 92.3% of the cases. In 35%, much of the exposure to irritant factors took place at home or during leisure time. Nickel and/or cobalt allergy were found in 1/2 of the patients with allergies. Positive prick tests for contact urticaria were found in 22 patients, and were obtained most often with foods or rubber gloves. Contact sensitivity and contact urticaria thus seem to be much less important causes of hand eczema in this group than are endogenous factors and trivial irritants (water, disinfectants and cleansers, gloves).
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1985, Vol.13, No.5, p.321-328. 38 ref.

CIS 86-732 Thormann J., Hansen I., Misfeldt J.
Occupational dermatitis from dibutyl maleinate
Ten of 20 workers in an envelope-making factory develope contact dermatitis. Patch testing showed that the cause was dibutyl maleate ("maleinate"), a component of polyvinyl acetate glues. Dermatitis disappeared from the workforce within 3 months after removal of the dibutyl maleate containing glue from the factory. The glue manufacturer subsequently withdrew dibutyl maleate from its products.
Contact Dermatitis, Nov. 1985, Vol.13, No.5, p.314-316. 5 ref.

CIS 86-696 Qian C., Lu M., Wang X., Zhao H., Dong Z., Gu X.
Epidemiologic study on the skin lesions of workers exposed to N,N'-methylene-bis-(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole) and of children in the neighbourhood of the factory
The levels of N,N'-methylene-bis-(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (MATDA) in the air of a bactericide production plant and in the neighbouring soil and river water were 0.1-0.8mg/m3, 6-2,650mg/kg and 0.5-2.0mg/kg, respectively. Of the 79 workers engaged in MATDA production, 44% suffered contact dermatitis and 72% showed skin pigmentation changes. All the exposed workers had experienced dermatitis at some time. Pigmentation changes were also observed in children of workers residing near the plant. Changes in the formulation of the product from a powder to an emulsion and recycling of process wastes reduced the dermatitis problems to a minimum.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 1985, Vol.11, Supplement 4, p.55-59. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 86-481 Boyle J., Peachey R.D.G.
Allergic contact dermatitis from diallylglycol carbonate monomer
Diallylglycol carbonate (trade name CR 39) is a monomer used for the production of optical-quality transparent plastics (spectacle lenses, aircraft windows, etc.). It is a known irritant, producing erythema at concentrations of 1% in patch tests. An injection moulder who developed blisters and oedema on her limbs was found to react to concentrations as low as 0.001%, which suggests that the compound is an allergen as well.
Contact Dermatitis, Sep. 1985, Vol.13, No.3, p.187. 2 ref.

CIS 86-373 Lidén C., Wahlberg J.E.
Does visual display terminal work provoke rosacea?
A questionnaire was sent to all 179 employed outpatients of the dermatology department of the Karolineka Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden) who had been diagnosed as having rosacea or perioral dermatitis. The questions related to occupation and the occurrence of video display terminal (VDT) work; VDT workers were asked about their working hours and the perceived effect of VDT work on their skin condition. Results were tabulated along with sex, age, occupational and symptomatological data. Of the 166 respondents, 42 had worked with VDTs; 9 of the 42 felt that VDT work aggravated their skin condition, and 4 of the 8 had begun VDT work before the onset of rosacea. There may be a relation between rosacea and VDT work in these cases.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1985, Vol.13, No.4, p.235-241. 21 ref.

CIS 86-477 Nilsson E., Mikaelsson B., Andersson S.
Atopy, occupation and domestic work as risk factors for hand eczema in hospital workers
Questionnaire and interview study of 2452 newly employed hospital workers, with follow-up over 20 months. Atopic dermatitis increased the odds of developing hand eczema by 3 times, and was correlated with greater severity of the eczema. "Wet" hospital work increased the odds by a factor of 2 compared with office ("dry") work. Two domestic factors (care of children under 4 years of age and absence of a dish-washing machine) also increased the risk of eczema; in combination with wet jobs at work, the factors increased the odds by a factor of 4. Although eczema was more common in women than in men, this is probably due to differences in the tasks performed by the 2 sexes.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1985, Vol.13, No.4, p.216-223. 19 ref.

CIS 86-556 Develay P., Delrieu J., T'Kint de Roodenbeke
Glass blowers in scientific laboratories. Occupational hazards
Les verriers de laboratoires scientifiques. Risques professionnels [in French]
Description of glass technology (materials and equipment) and analysis of the principal occupational dangers: predictable risks (heat, non-ionising radiations - risks of eye and skin injury); unexpected risks, connected with noise and dust (asbestos, silica, emery); infrequent risks, such as poisoning by harmful vapours. Summary of occupational accidents and diseases in this field. Suggestions for preventive measures.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1985, Vol.46, No.1, p.37-43. 14 ref.

CIS 86-510 Arnesen U.
Nordic expert group for documentation of exposure limits - 57. Oil mists
Nordiska expertgruppen för gränsvärdesdokumentation - 57. Oljedimma [in Norwegian]
The composition and properties of oil mist depend on the kind of oil used and on the circumstances in which the oil is used. Cancer of the skin (particularly scrotum) and oil folliculitis (acne) were previously frequently reported among workers exposed to cutting oil, but the oil was straight and contained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. However, water-soluble (emulsified) solvent-refined mineral oil is now most frequently used. This cutting oil may cause allergic and non-allergic contact dermatitis. Oil pneumonia has been reported as a consequence of inspiration of large amounts of mineral oil. Some cases of cancer of the respiratory system have also been recorded. Lower oil mist concentrations produce irritation and hyperplasia, metaplasia and a loss of cilia in the nasal mucosa. The irritant effect of oil mist on the respiratory system should serve as a general starting point in the determination of occupational exposure limits for oil mist. The carcinogenic effects of oils with special compositions and additives must be appraised.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, Mar. 1985. 58p. 126 ref. Price:Swe.cr.45.00.

CIS 86-190 Meding B.
Occupational contact dermatitis from nonylphenolpolyglycolether
A 64-year-old man who had worked all his life in the metal industry without skin symptoms developed dermatitis of the hands and forearms after beginning to test objects for cracks with a fluid containing iron oxide, a fluorescent pigment, surfactants and water. Patch testing with the individual components gave positive reactions to nonylphenolpolyglycolether (nonylphenol ethoxylate), a non-ionic surfactant used as an emulsifier in the crack-detection fluid. The dermatitis cleared after the patient's retirement, but has relapsed on occasion after contact with detergents.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1985, Vol.13, No.2, p.122-123. 1 ref.

CIS 86-189 Goh C.L.
Occupational dermatitis from soldering flux among workers in the electronics industry
Observations on 26 patients with contact dermatitis from soldering flux who were seen at an occupational dermatology clinic in Singapore. All were exposed to non-rosin organic flux from the same supplier. The sex and race distribution of the cases paralleled the sex and race distribution in the electronics industry, which differs from the distribution for the population as a whole. The dermatitis was subactute in 14 of the 26 patients. In some cases, the dermatitis extended to the forearms. Twenty-two had irritant contact dermatitis from the flux and 4 were allergic to aminoethylethanolamine, a constituent of the flux. One worker was sensitive to acetic acid in addition to aminoethylethanolamine. Transfer to other work or the wearing of plastic or rubber gloves produced complete clearing in 13 cases; 11 showed more than 50% improvement, and 2 defaulted on follow-up.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1985, Vol.13, No.2, p.85-90. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 86-188 Kavli G., Gram I.T., Moseng D., Řrpen G.
Occupational dermatitis in shrimp peelers
A total of 110 female shrimp production workers from 2 factories were invited to participate in an investigation of occupational skin problems. A questionnaire was filled in by 94 workers, and 24 (20.2%) claimed skin problems due to working conditions. In 7 (6%), a diagnosis of occupational dermatitis of the hands was made. In 2, there were strongly positive reactions to shrimp. 5 had negative tests but a positive history of occupational provocation.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1985, Vol.13, No.2, p.69-71. 6 ref.

CIS 86-187 Falk E.S., Hektoen H., Thune P.O.
Skin and respiratory tract symptoms in veterinary surgeons
Chronic or relapsing irritant eczema of the hands was the main complaint of 34 veterinary surgeons. Nine had contact allergic eczema of occupational origin. In 8 cases, the allergies were probably due to antibiotics contaminating the skin during administration. Sensitivities to other work-related substances (such as rubber chemicals, antiseptics and local anaesthetics) were found in 6 cases. Multiple contact allergies, especially to different penicillins, were seen frequently. Obvious work-related immediate reactions of probably allergic type were present in 10 cases, but were confirmed by positive radioallergosorbent or prick tests in only 2 cases.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1985, Vol.12, No.5, p.274-278. 10 ref.

CIS 86-186 Rystedt I.
Atopic background in patients with occupational hand eczema
Of 368 patients with hand eczema, 39% had a history of atopic disease (dermatitis, asthma or rhinitis). Whereas 57% of the patients in the age range 20-24 years had a history of atopic dermatitis, only 11% of those in the age range above 35 years did. Of those with a history of atopy, 22% had developed allergic contact dermatitis; the corresponding figure for non-atopics was 45%. Positive patch tests occurred in fewer atopics than non-atopics. Atopics had not changed jobs because of hand eczema to a greater extent, but had healed to a lesser extent after change of occupation than had non-atopics.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1985, Vol.12, No.5, p.247-254. Illus. 35 ref.

CIS 86-185 Contact dermatitis in Nigeria
Of 3998 patients with skin diseases examined at a hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, 453 were diagnosed as having contact dermatitis, and were subjected to patch testing. Nickel was the most common allergen, followed by chromate. Uniforms are a source of occupational exposure to nickel, as buttons are attached by means of metal fasteners within the garments. Cement is a source of occupational exposure to chromates; masons have come to accept some hand eczema as inevitable. Non-occupational causes of contact dermatitis are also discussed.
Contact Dermatitis, May 1985, Vol.12, No.5, p.241-246. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 86-177 Bergqvist-Karlsson A.
Contact allergy to glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
Two chemists working in the pharmaceutical industry developed a papular itching dermatitis. Patch testing showed glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride to be the agent responsie. Avoidance of contact with the substance (in one case, by transfer to other work) prevented recurrence of the dermatitis. This is the first report of human sensitisation to glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, p.61-62. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 86-176 Goh C.L., Ng S.K.
Photoallergic contact dermatitis to carbimazole
A dispensing assistant who worked in a pharmaceutical laboratory for 10 years developed recurrent rashes on exposed skin. Two years of detailed observation by the victim enabled him to correlate the recurrence of the rash with the production of 1 of 3 drugs in an adjoining area. Patch testing by medical personnel identified carbimazole, a thiourea derivative, as the agent responsible. A positive test was obtained only after exposure of the test site to the sun. Temporary transfer of the worker to another area during carbimazole tabletting prevented further episodes of the rash.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, p.58-59. 4 ref.

CIS 86-175 Dooms-Goossens A., Loncke J., Michiels J.L., Degreef H., Wahlberg J.
Pustular reactions to hexafluorosilicate in foam rubber
A case study of a foam rubber carrier with pustular lesions on the arms, wrists, thighs and trunk. Scratch and patch testing with the foam rubber components was negative. Animal testing revealed sodium hexafluorosilicate Na2SiF6), one of the ingredients of the foam rubber, to be a pustulogen on previously damaged skin.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, p.42-47. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 86-174 Mathur N.K., Mathur A., Banerjee K.
Contact dermatitis in tie and dye industry workers
A survey of the 'tie and dye' industry of Jodhpur City in India was made to investigate occupational dermatoses. 49 (16.6%) of 250 workers had incapacitating dermatitis. Skin lesions were seen mostly over the dorsa of the hands and fingers. 26 patients were patch tested with various dyes and chemicals; 14 were positive. Fast Red RC salt was the most potent sensitiser. Other dyes showing positive reactions were Orange GC salt, Bordeaux GP salt, Blue B salt, Red B base and naphthol.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, p.38-41. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 86-173 Friedman S.J., Pery H.O.
Erythema multiforme associated with contact dermatitis
A garment worker developed erythema multiforme concurrently with allergic contact dermatitis of the hands. Patch testing revealed sensitivity to nickel (which was present in her scissors) and to paraphenylenediamine (a commercial dye). During the patch-test evaluation, both the hand dermatitis and the erythema multiforme became exacerbated. Later, patch testing to only nickel sulfate produced erythema multiforme on the face and hands. The allergic pathogenesis, involving the absorption of an allergen through the skin and resulting in a type III allergic reaction from nickel, is discussed.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, p.21-23. 17 ref.

CIS 86-172 Fujimoto K., Hashimoto S., Kozuka T., Tashiro M., Sano S.
Occupational pigmented contact dermatitis from azo-dyes
A 51-year old man had been working in a dye factory for 25 years and had noticed itching and pigmentation on the extremities for the past 5 years. Patch testing showed positive reactions to Sudan I and Vacanceine Red (C.I. Solvent Orange 8), among the azo dyes which he had been handling. After he changed his work, he became free from erythematous lesions and itching. The pigmentation almost disappeared 10 months later.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1985, Vol.12, No.1, P.15-17. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 86-257 Ndumbe P.M., Cradock-Watson J.E., MacQueen S., Dunn H., Holzel H., André F., Davies E.G., Dudgeon J.A., Levinsky R.J.
Immunisation of nurses with a live varicella vaccine
34 nurses with no history of chickenpox and who were seronegative to varicella zoster virus (VZV) were immunised with a live attenuated varicella vaccine (OKA-RIT strain) and were followed up for up to 3 years. There were no major reactions to the vaccine. After 1 year, 94% of the nurses had antibodies to VZV, but after 3 years only 64% had them. 2 of 13 vaccinated nurses who looked after children with chickenpox became infected, but 1 of them had never seroconverted. 6 out of 7 unvaccinated nurses who were exposed to chickenpox developed the disease. Thus this strain of VZV vaccine is shown to be safe and immunogenic in adults likely to be exposed to chickenpox. These tests also showed that both cell-mediated and antibody tests are needed for long-term assessment of immunity to chickenpox after vaccination.
Lancet, 18 May 1985, Vol.1, No.8434, p.1144-1147. 22 ref.

CIS 86-157 Eun H.C., Park H.B., Chun Y.H.
Occupational pitted keratolysis
A mass screening of industrial workers in Korea in 1981 revealed pitted keratolysis in 1.5% of the workers examined. It was especially prevalent in a zinc refinery where the workers wore rubber shoes. In Sep. 1984, visits to 2 anthracite mines revealed pitted keratolysis of the soles of the feet of 66 of 283 miners (23.3%). The miners all wore rubber boots, and some had immersion foot. The wearing of footgear which keeps the feet warm and moist probably favours the growth of Corynebacterium species that are responsible for pitted keratolysis.
Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1985, Vol.12, No.2, p.122. 5 ref.

CIS 86-156 van Ketel W.G.
Occupational contact with coins in nickel-allergic patients
Seven female cashiers with a history of eczema from wearing nickel-containing jewelry all gave positive reactions to nickel sulfate in patch tests. However, only 1 of the 7 had eczema produced or aggravated by contact with coins. Thus, it is doubtful that a patient with a clear case of nickel allergy should always be advised against working as a cashier.
Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1985, Vol.12, No.2, p.108-124. 4 ref.

CIS 86-155 Bruze M., Fregert S., Zimerson E.
Contact allergy to phenol-formaldehyde resins
Adverse reactions to phenol-formaldehyde resins include depigmentation, irritant dermatitis, chemical burns and allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis from phenol-formaldehyde resin has mainly been ascribed to resins based on paratertiary-butyl phenol and formaldehyde, and 1 such resin is included in the ICDRG standard patch test series. When 1,220 patients were tested with this and 2 other resins, 26 patients were positive to at least 1 resin. Therefore, a battery of phenol-formaldehyde resins should be used for screening purposes. Several of the 26 patients were patch-tested with the basic substances phenol, formaldehyde and paratertiary-butyl phenol, but only 1 positive reaction to formaldelhyde was noted. The sensitising capacity of 2-methylol phenol, 4-methylol phenol and 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, all 3 compounds being possible ingredients of resins based on phenol and formaldehyde, was demonstrated.
Contact Dermatitis, Feb. 1985, Vol.12, No.2, p.81-86. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 86-149 Malanin G., Kalimo K.
Facial dermatitis from epoxy resin in a helmet
A female farmer who raised pigs developed facial dermatitis several days after beginning to wear an air-fed helmet. The helmet was intended to protect her against allergens in pig fodder. Patch testing revealed an allergy to epoxy compounds. Several seams in the helmet were found to be sealed with an epoxy resin that contained low-molecular-weight epoxy compounds. The dermatitis improved on cessation of exposure.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1985, Vol.12, No.4, p.221. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 86-148 Santucci B., Picardo M., Iavarone C., Trogolo C.
Contact dermatitis to Alstroemeria
50 workers in a floriculture centre were tested to evaluate the incidence of contact allergy to Alstroemeria, a widely-grown ornamental flower; 3 subjects gave positive reactions to extracts of flowers, stems and leaves. The allergen was isolated and identified as the glycoside 6-tuliposide A. The 3 positive subjects also reacted to α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, an allergen from tulips, and had a type of dermatitis similar to that described as "tulip finger".
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1985, Vol.12, No.4, p.215-219. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 86-147 Garabrant D.H.
Dermatitis from aziridine hardener in printing ink
13 of 51 workers developed dermatitis of the hands and face after handling a water-based ink containing a polyfunctional aziridine hardening agent made from propylenimine and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The incidence of dermatitis was highest among the ink mixers who handled the undiluted aziridine, was lower among printers who handled ink containing 2-4% aziridine, and was zero in workers who did not handle ink. The mean latency from 1st contact with the ink to development of the rash was 3.2 months among the ink mixers and 6.2 months among the printers. Improper work practices and inadequate protective clothing contributed to the problem.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1985, Vol.12, No.4, p.209-212. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 86-146 Rystedt I.
Work-related hand eczema in atopics
549 individuals with severe (group 1) and 406 with moderate (group 2) atopic dermatitis in childhood, 222 with respiratory allergy but no atopic dermatitis in childhood (group 3), and 199 without personal or family atopy (group 4) were studied as to occupational health symptoms due to hand eczema. In groups 1,2 and 4, there was a slight difference between the frequency of hand eczema in individuals with and without occupational exposure to chemicals, water, soil or wear (friction). Despite no such work, 55% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 had developed hand eczema. About 25% of the atopics in extreme risk occupations, such as ladies' hairdressers and nursing assistants, had not developed hand eczema. A few in groups 1, 2 and 4 had changed their jobs due to hand eczema. Social factors had usually contributed to the change. The healing rate after change of occupation was 15% in group 1, 36% in group 2 and 67% in group 4. The majority of patients whose eczema had not healed had improved in their new occupations.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1985, Vol.12, No.3, p.164-171. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 86-145 Goh C.L.
Irritant dermatitis from tri-N-butyl tin oxide in paint
Organo-tin compounds are known irritants. Tributyl tin oxide is a common biocide in some marine and other paints. An outbreak of irritant contact dermatitis in painters exposed to paints containing tributyl tin oxide is reported.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1985, Vol.12, No.3, p.161-163. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 86-144 Coenraads P.J., Foo S.C., Phoon W.O., Lun K.C.
Dermatitis in small-scale metal industries
A survey in 21 small metal factories in Singapore revealed that 6.6% of 751 workers (530 male, 221 female) had a skin disorder on their hands and arms. Dermatitis accounted for 4.5% (34 cases) and follicular rashes for 1% (8 cases). Positive patch tests were found in 23% (8 cases) of those with dermatitis and in 9.8% (21 workers) of a control group without any skin problem. Dermatitis was associated with exposure to solvents. Simultaneous analysis of various exposure/risk factors by multiple logistic regression revealed a significant effect of combined exposure to oils and solvents (interaction). Being over 35 years of age was also a significant risk factor, whereas the role of contact allergy, detected by patch testing, was less pronounced.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1985, Vol.12, No.3, p.155-160. 11 ref.

CIS 86-143 Alomar A., Conde-Salazar L., Romaguera C.
Occupational dermatoses from cutting oils
230 patients with occupational dermatitis in the metalworking industry were studied with standard patch tests (GEIDC) and an oil series. An occupational and clinical questionnaire survey was carried out. Responses to para-phenylenediamine, chrome and cobalt in the standard series, and benzisothiazolone, triethanolamine and Grotan BK were the main positive results.
Contact Dermatitis, Mar. 1985, Vol.12, No.3, p.129-138. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 86-142 Baadsgaard O., Jřrgensen J.
Contact dermatitis to Butin-2-diol 1,4
A 41-year-old female cleaner developped dermatitis on the face, hands and forearms after having used a new cleaning agent for a few months. The dermatitis appeared about 12h after contact with the agent and settled when she was not using it. Patch testing with the components of the cleaning agent produced a strong reaction to 2-butyne-1,4-diol ("Butin-2-diol 1,4"). The compound was present in the cleaning agent at low concentration (0.7%) as a corrosion inhibitor.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1985, Vol.13, No.1, p.34. 1 ref.

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