Asbestos - 1,509 entries found

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2009

CIS 09-1328 Zaebst D.D., Seel E.A., Yiin J.H., Nowlin S.J., Chen P.
Summary of retrospective asbestos and welding fume exposure estimates for a nuclear naval shipyard and their correlation with radiation exposure estimates
An earlier nested case-control study at a U.S. nuclear naval shipyard primarily assessed the relationship between lung cancer and ionizing radiation. Chemical confounders considered important were asbestos and welding fumes, and the chromium and nickel content of welding fume. In this study, exposures to the potential confounders were estimated by an expert panel based on a set of quantitatively defined categories of exposure. Findings suggest that a fairly large proportion of study population workers were exposed to asbestos and welding fumes. However, the levels of these exposures were not sufficient to affect the risk estimates.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, July 2009, Vol.6, No.7, p.404-414. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 09-1053 Moshammer H., Neuberger M.
Lung function predicts survival in a cohort of asbestos cement workers
To study the predictive power of respiratory screening examinations, a cohort of 309 asbestos workers of an asbestos cement plant was followed until death or the end of 2006. A decrease in lung function was found to predict the risk of premature death better than exposure history and regular spirometry should therefore be offered as primary screening to all former asbestos workers. Among workers with a history of high cumulative exposure, rapid lung function decrease or radiological signs (diffuse pleural thickening or small irregular opacities), more sensitive techniques (high resolution computer tomography) need to be applied. All smokers with a history of asbestos exposure should be given free smoking cessation therapy to prevent premature death, from lung cancer in particular.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan. 2009, Vol.82, No.2, p.199-207. 29 ref.

CIS 09-798 Ahn Y.S., Kang S.K.
Asbestos-related occupational cancers compensated under the industrial accident compensation insurance in Korea
To provide basic information regarding compensation for workers exposed to asbestos, 60 cases of asbestos-related occupational lung cancer and mesothelioma that were compensated during the 15 years from 1993 to 2007 by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) are described. The characteristics of the cases were analyzed using the KLWC electronic data and epidemiologic investigation data. Compensation was approved for 41 cases of lung cancer and 19 cases of mesothelioma; males accounted for 91.7% (55 cases). The most common age group was 50-59 yr (45.0%). The mean duration of asbestos exposure for lung cancer and mesothelioma cases was 19.2 and 16.0 yr, respectively. The mean latency period for lung cancer and mesothelioma cases was 22.1 and 22.6 yr, respectively. The major industries associated with mesothelioma cases were shipbuilding and maintenance (4 cases) and manufacture of asbestos textiles (3 cases). The major industries associated with lung cancer cases were shipbuilding and maintenance (7 cases), construction (6 cases) and the production of primary metals (4 cases). Findings are discussed.
Industrial Health, Mar. 2009, Vol.47, No.2, p.113-122. 43 ref.
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth/47/2/113/_pdf/-char/ja/ [in English]

CIS 09-418 Asbestos - The hidden killer stalks quarries too
Contents of this collection of articles on safety and health in the quarrying sector in the United Kingdom: safety and health statement by the Quarries National Joint Advisory Committee; face work quarrying experience by a cement manufacturer; brief reports on several conferences on quarrying; asbestos-related risks in the quarrying sector.
Quarry Fact File, Jan. 2009, No.40, p.1-8 (whole issue). Illus.

2008

CIS 11-0097 Pedra F., Testa Tambellini A., De Bragança Pereira B., Carioca da Costa A., Albuquerque de Castro H.
Mesothelioma mortality in Brazil, 1980-2003
Although asbestos causes asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma, it remains widely used in Brazil, mostly in cement-fiber products. This article reports the Brazilian mesothelioma mortality trend 1980-2003. Mesothelioma mortality rates increased over the period studied, from 0.56 to 1.01 deaths per 1,000,000 habitants. The total number of mesothelioma deaths nationwide in the period studied was 2414, with the majority (1415) in the Southeast region. Mortality was highest among males and persons over the age of 65. Given the history of asbestos exposure in Brazil, findings support the need for policies that limit or ban the use of this product.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 3rd quarter 2008, Vol.14, No.3, p.170-175. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 11-0096 Bang K.M., Mazurek J.M., Syamlal G., Wood J.M.
Asbestos mortality surveillance in the United States, 1970-2004
To describe the demographic, geographic, and occupational distribution of asbestosis mortality in the United States during 1970-2004, this study identified a total of 25,413 asbestosis deaths. National, state, and county death rates were calculated, age-adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Industry- and occupation-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were also calculated, adjusted for age, sex and race, using available data. The overall U.S. age-adjusted asbestosis death rate was 4.1 per million of population per year; the rate for males (10.4) was nearly 35-fold higher than that for females (0.3). It increased significantly from 0.6 to 6.9 per million of population from 1970 to 2000, and then declined to 6.3 in 2004. High asbestosis death rates occurred predominantly, though not exclusively, in coastal areas. Industries with highest PMRs included ship and boat building and repairing (PMR 18.5) and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products (PMR 15.9). Occupations with highest PMRs included insulation workers (PMR 109.2) and boilermakers (PMR 21.3).
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 3rd quarter 2008, Vol.14, No.3, p.161-169. Illus. 52 ref.

CIS 10-0662 Greenberg M.
The defence of chrysotile, 1912-2007
This article presents a historical review of the defence of asbestos by the asbestos mining industry in Canada until the present time.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1st quarter 2008, Vol.14, No.1, p.57-66. 43 ref.

CIS 09-1103 Pintos J., Parent M.E., Rousseau M.C., Case B.W., Siemiatycki J.
Occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers, and risk of lung cancer: Evidence from two case-control studies in Montreal, Canada
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) on the risk of lung cancer in two population-based case-control studies entailing exposure at lower levels than in historic cohort studies. Study I (1979 to 1986) comprised 857 exposed cases and 1066 population and cancer controls. Study II (1996 to 2001) comprised 858 cases and 1295 population controls. A detailed job history was obtained to evaluate lifetime occupational exposure to 294 agents, including asbestos and MMVF. Increased risks were found for substantial exposure to asbestos (odds ratio 1.78). However, results for MMVF were inconclusive (odds ratio 1.10).
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Nov. 2008, Vol.50, No.11, p.1273-1281. 34 ref.

CIS 09-1099 Harper M., Lee E.G., Doorn S.S., Hammond O.
Differentiating non-asbestiform amphibole and amphibole asbestos by size characteristics
Coarsely crystalline amphibole minerals are more common than asbestos in many geological environments. Mining or construction work can result in the release of single crystals or cleavage fragments resembling asbestos fibres or fibre bundles but that are not currently regulated as asbestos. Samples of six coarsely-crystalline amphiboles and their asbestos analogs were processed to maximize the number of particles meeting the criterion for counting and also within the respirable width range. The length distributions of the particles produced showed substantial overlap between cleavage fragments and asbestos fibres. Based on these findings, recommendations are made concerning improvements in the counting and classification of asbestiform fibres.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Dec. 2008, Vol.5, No.12, p.761-770. Illus. 38 ref.

CIS 09-1123 Perkins R.A., Hargesheimer J., Vaara L.
Evaluation of public and worker exposure due to naturally occurring asbestos in gravel discovered during a road construction project
During a road repair project in a remote region of Alaska, it was discovered that the materials used from a local material site contained asbestos. Evaluation of asbestos exposure to workers was required, as was the possible future exposure of workers and the general public. In addition, a decision was needed on whether to use materials from the contaminated site in the future. Of the almost 700 breathing zone air monitoring samples taken of the workers, 3% of the samples indicated exposures at or near 0.1 fibre/cc by phase contrast microscopy. Further analysis of 36 samples by transmission electron microscopy indicated that about 40% of the fibres were asbestos. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Sep. 2008, Vol.5, No.9, p.609-616. 20 ref.

CIS 09-1035 Mirabelli D., Calisti R., Barone-Adesi F., Fornero E., Merletti F., Magnani C.
Excess of mesotheliomas after exposure to chrysotile in Balangero, Italy
Chrysotile from the mine in Balangero, Italy, is considered to be free of tremolite. In an earlier cohort study of miners and millers working on this site, only two pleural cancers were reported, suggesting that chrysotile has a low potency for inducing mesothelioma. However, follow-up ended in 1987. To complete the assessment, this study searched the regional cancer registry for cases of pleural mesothelioma among employees of the mine, employees of subcontractors and individuals exposed to mine tailings. Four new cases of pleural mesothelioma were identified among blue-collar workers in the mine, in addition to the two reported in the earlier cohort study. Thus, six mesotheliomas occurred, compared to the 1.5 expected. A further 14 mesothelioma cases occurred among other site workers and 13 among other persons exposed to chrysotile, providing further evidence that even tremolite-free chrysotile is carcinogenic.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2008, Vol.65, No.12, p.815-819. 21 ref.

CIS 09-646 Whitehouse A.C., Black C.B., Heppe M.S., Ruckdeschel J., Levin S.M.
Environmental exposure to Libby asbestos and mesotheliomas
This article describes cases of mesothelioma resulting from exposure to asbestos in Libby, Montana, USA, location of the world's largest vermiculite mine which ceased operations in 1998. These cases are in non-occupationally exposed persons, appearing to have resulted from contamination of the community, the surrounding forested area and areas in proximity to the river and railroad tracks used to haul vermiculite. These exposures are considered to be of a low degree of magnitude, but are similar to those reported in a vermiculite mining region of Australia. An epidemic of mesothelioma can likely be expected from this type of asbestos contamination over the next 20 plus years.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 2008, vol.51, No.11, p.877-880. 13 ref.

CIS 09-641 Miles S.E., Sandrini A., Johnson A.R., Yates D.H.
Clinical consequences of asbestos-related diffuse pleural thickening: A review
Asbestos-related diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) resulting from asbestos exposure is increasingly common due to the large number of workers previously exposed to asbestos. It may coexist with asbestos-related pleural plaques but has a distinctly different pathogenesis, which is gradually becoming understood. High resolution computed tomography (CT) is more sensitive and specific than chest radiography for the diagnosis of diffuse pleural thickening, and several classification systems for asbestos-related disorders have been devised. DPT may be associated with symptoms such as dyspnoea and chest pain. It causes a restrictive defect on lung function and in rare cases results in respiratory failure and death. Treatment is primarily supportive.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Sep. 2008, Vol.3, No.20, 10p. Illus. 67 ref.
http://www.occup-med.com/content/pdf/1745-6673-3-20.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-409 Park E.K., Hannaford-Turner K.M., Hyland R.A., Johnson A.R., Yates D.H.
Asbestos-related occupational lung diseases in NSW, Australia and potential exposure of the general population
Asbestos is a fibrous silicate which is recognized as causing a variety of lung disorders including malignant mesothelioma of the pleura, lung cancer and asbestosis. Asbestos use has been banned in most developed countries but exposure risk still exists under strict regulation in occupational settings and also occasionally in domestic settings. Although the hazards of asbestos are well known in developed countries, awareness of its adverse health effects is less in other parts of the world, particularly when exposure occurs in non-occupational settings. Experience of asbestos use and its adverse health effects in developed countries such as Australia have resulted in development of expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of asbestos-related diseases as well as in screening and this can be used to help developing countries facing the issue of asbestos exposure.
Industrial Health, Nov. 2008, Vol.46, No.6, p.535-540. 43 ref.
http://www.jniosh.go.jp/en/indu_hel/pdf/IH_46_6_535.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-325 Magnani C., Ferrante D., Barone-Adesi F., Bertolotti M., Todesco A., Mirabelli D., Terracini B.
Cancer risk after cessation of asbestos exposure: A cohort study of Italian asbestos cement workers
This study examines the mortality for asbestos-related diseases and the incidence of mesothelioma in a cohort of Italian asbestos cement workers after cessation of asbestos exposure. The factory operated from 1907 to 1986. The cohort included 3,434 subjects active in 1950 or hired in 1950-86. Local reference rates were used for both mortality and mesothelioma incidence. Mortality was increased in both sexes for all causes, pleural and peritoneal malignancies and lung cancer. In women, ovarian and uterine malignancies were also in excess. No statistically significant increase was found for laryngeal cancer. This study of a cohort of asbestos exposed workers with very long follow-up confirmed the reduction in risk of death from lung cancer after the end of exposure. It also showed a different risk pattern for pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma: a reduction in risk for pleural mesothelioma with over 40 years of latency, while risk for peritoneal mesothelioma showed a continuing increase.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 2008, Vol.65, No.3, p.164-170. 36 ref.

CIS 09-51 Franko A., Dolžan V., Arnerić N., Dodič-Fikfak M.
The influence of genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 on the development of asbestosis
Genetic factors are believed to play an important role in the development of asbestosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 represent a risk factor for this disease. The study population included 262 workers with asbestosis and 265 matched controls. Information on cumulative asbestos exposure was available. A real-time PCR based on the 5' nuclease assay was designed for the analysis of the GSTP1 polymorphisms. The key finding was that GSTP1 genotype coding for an enzyme with high conjugation capacity versus genotypes resulting in intermediate and low enzyme activity significantly increases the risk of asbestosis (odds ratio 1.49).
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Jan. 2008, Vol.50, No.1, p.7-12. 29 ref.

CIS 09-120 Cohen H.J., Van Orden D.R.
Asbestos exposures of mechanics performing clutch service on motor vehicles
This study was conducted to assess historical asbestos exposures of mechanics performing clutch service on motor vehicles. Personal and area air samples were collected during the removal of asbestos-containing clutches from 15 manual transmissions obtained from salvage facilities by an experienced mechanic. Clutch plates and debris were analysed for asbestos using EPA and ISO published analytical methods. More than 100 personal and area air samples were collected and analyzed for asbestos fibres using NIOSH methods 7400 and 7402. A separate study involved a telephone survey of 16 automotive mechanics that began work prior to 1975. The incremental contribution of this task to mechanics' 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) asbestos exposures was estimated to be 0.0016 fibres/cc, ranging from 3.75x10^-5 fibres/cc to 0.03 fibres/cc. The mean value of 0.0016 fibres/cc is below background levels of asbestos that have been reported in garages during this time and below the current OSHA PEL of 0.1 fibres/cc.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Mar. 2008, Vol.5, No.3, p.148-156. 28 ref.

CIS 08-1374 Chrysotile, a form of asbestos, biased studies, certainty of hazards
Le chrysotile, une variété d'amiante, des études biaisées, des risques certains [in French]
This article raises an alarm over the risks of a major comeback of asbestos. One of its types, chrysotile is portrayed as being innocuous. According to its defenders in Québec (Canada) and the Russian Federation, it does not possess sufficient bio-persistence (lifetime) to be carcinogenic. The article opposes this reasoning with the opinions of other specialists. It analyses the findings of articles put forward by the asbestos lobbies and concludes that they lack scientific rigour.
Préventique-Sécurité, July-Aug. 2008, No.100, p.30-35. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 08-1383 Miles S.E., Sandrini A., Johnson A.R., Yates D.H.
Clinical consequences of asbestos-related diffuse pleural thickening: A review
Asbestos-related diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) is increasingly common due to the large number of workers previously exposed to asbestos. It may coexist with asbestos related pleural plaques but has a distinctly different pathology. The pathogenesis of this condition as distinct from pleural plaques is gradually becoming understood. Benign asbestos-related pleural effusions commonly antedate the development of DPT. High resolution computed tomography is more sensitive and specific than chest radiography for the diagnosis of DPT. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning may be useful in distinguishing between DPT and malignant mesothelioma. DPT may be associated with symptoms such as dyspnoea and chest pain. It affects lung function but rarely results in respiratory failure or death.
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 8 Sep. 2008, Vol.20, No.3, 10p. Illus. 67 ref.

CIS 08-1390 Jolly H.
Asbestos hazards: Construction sector workers on the front line
Risque amiante: les professionnels du BTP en première ligne [in French]
Topics addressed in this article on the prevention of occupational hazards due to asbestos in the construction sector: jobs exposed to hazards; data on the number of exposed workers in France, cases of compensated occupational diseases and fatalities caused by asbestos; personal protective equipment; diseases caused by asbestos (asbestosis; pleural plaques; bronchopulmonary cancers, mesothelioma); account of a retired electrician suffering from pleural lesions and asbestosis; viewpoint of an asbestos victims' defense association.
Prévention BTP, Apr. 2008, No.106, p.48-51. Illus.

CIS 08-778
Health and Safety Executive
Asbestos essentials: A task manual for building, maintenance and allied trades on non-licensed asbestos work
This manual is aimed at workers in the construction, maintenance, refurbishment and related trades, who are most likely to come into contact with asbestos-containing materials in their work. It will help these workers identify the risks of specific tasks. As well as helping safeguard workers' health, this manual will allow small businesses, subcontractors and the self-employed comply with the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006. Contents: task sheets with illustrations and step-by-step guidance; equipment and method sheets, with guidance for using the right tools for the job; decision support flow chart on whether to carry out the work or use an HSE licensed contractor; an "asbestos house" showing some of the most common places where asbestos is likely to be found. Replaces CIS 01-1014.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2nd ed., Feb. 2008. vi, 139p. Illus. Price: GBP 12.95.

CIS 08-824 Setta J.H., Neder A., Bagatin E., Terra-Filho M., Maris Nápolis L., Dal Corso S., Ferreira Amorin M.M., Tavares Rodrigues R., Godoy Fernandes A.L., Nery L.E.
Relationship between induced sputum cytology and inflammatory status with lung structural and functional abnormalities in asbestosis
In order to assess whether induced sputum cytology and local and systemic markers of inflammation may be helpful to characterize asbestosis status and progression, 39 ex-workers with asbestosis on high-resolution computed tomography and 21 non-exposed controls were evaluated. Sputum cytology and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum and sputum were related to lung function impairment. It was found that subjects with asbestosis had cytological abnormalities in induced sputum and increased local and systemic inflammatory status which were correlated to lung function impairment.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 2008, Vol.51, n°3, p.186-194. Illus. 41 ref.

2007

CIS 12-0255 Leigh J.
History of occupational disease recognition and control
This article provides historical perspective to the recognition and control of occupational diseases, based on the examples of large infrastructure projects (tunnels, dams) and ensuing silicosis, asbestosis and lung cancer.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, 2007, Vol.53, No.6, p.519-530. 18 ref.
History_of_occupational_disease_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [in English]

CIS 10-0263 Occupational cancer/zero cancer - A union guide to prevention
This guide to the prevention of occupational cancers provides information about workplace cancer risks and advice on practical steps workers and unions can take to make workplaces safer.
International Metalworkers' Federation (IMF), 54 bis, route des Acacias, Case postale 1516, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. 15p. Illus.
http://www.bwint.org/pdfs/ZeroCanceENr.pdf [in English]

CIS 10-0088 Kazan-Allen L.
Killing the future - Asbestos use in Asia
Banned in the industrialized world, asbestos is still widely used in Asian countries, which represent half of worldwide consumption, mostly without adequate protection and with poor enforcement of existing national laws. This report highlights the work of victims' associations, non-governmental organizations and labour activists in raising the profile of asbestos issues in Asia. Contents: asbestos experiences of Asian countries; dumping of toxic waste in Asia during ship-breaking, with examples in India and Bangladesh; effects of natural disasters (earthquakes, 2004 tsunami); trade union actions against asbestos; international and academic cooperation.
International Ban Asbestos Secretariat, http://www.ibasecretariat.org, 2007. 42p. Illus. 100 ref.
http://worldasbestosreport.org/articles/killing_future/killing_the_future_asbestos_use_in_asia.pdf [in English]

CIS 09-1122 Kakooei H., Sameti M., Kakooei A.A.
Asbestos exposure during routine brake lining manufacture
Occupational exposure to asbestos fibres and total dust of workers of a major brake lining manufacture plant in Iran were examined. Time weighted average of total dust and asbestos fibre concentration in the potential sources of exposure were monitored. Personal samples were collected on membrane filters and analyzed by phase contrast optical microscopy. It was found that the routine mixing, polishing and bevelling processes can result in elevated levels of airborne asbestos. The results also showed that the employees had exposures to total dust concentrations higher than the OSHA recommended levels. Other findings are discussed.
Industrial Health, Dec. 2007, Vol.45, No.6, p.787-792. 20 ref.

CIS 09-114 Harper M., Lee E.G., Harvey B., Beard M.
Analytical performance criteria: The effect of a proposed change to fiber-counting rules in ASTM International Standard D7200-06
The ASTM standard D7200-06 specifies a procedure for determining whether particles observable under a phase contrast microscope that meet the morphological definition of a fibre are likely to be asbestiform fibres. This article argues that the current procedure may underestimate the proportion of such fibres and proposes alternative counting rules.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, May 2007, Vol.4, No.5, p.D42-D45. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 08-1138 Sinclair A., Gifford J., Hunt W., Bust P., Gibb A.
Health and Safety Executive
Cascading messages through others: The effect on awareness of, and compliance with the Duty to Manage Asbestos Regulations
This report presents the findings of a research project aimed at exploring the impact of a HSE awareness campaign on asbestos regulations. This initiative was launched in 2002, and was designed to educate and inform responsible persons on the Duty to Manage Asbestos Regulations in non-domestic premises. Information is communicated via HSE partners, who have been encouraged to put on training events with the support of HSE-designed training materials.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2007. xi, 115p.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr559.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1137 O'Regan S., Tyers C., Hill D., Gordon-Dseagu V., Rick J.
Health and Safety Executive
Taking risks with asbestos: What influences the behaviour of maintenance workers?
Workers most at risk of contracting an asbestos-related disease are those in construction-related trades who conduct maintenance work on buildings constructed in the 50's, 60's and 70's. This report presents the results of 60 interviews with maintenance workers (including electricians, carpenters, plumbers, heating engineers and painters), who discuss their knowledge and attitudes with respect to asbestos. It was found that there are a range of issues affecting safe working methods in the presence of asbestos, including: the complexity of the messages about asbestos risks, attitudes towards risk and personal hygiene, prevailing worksite culture, economic pressures and whether individuals feel able to exert control over their work environment.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2007. x, 84p.
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr558.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-1129 Burdorf A., Järvholm B., Siesling S.
Asbestos exposure and differences in occurrence of peritoneal mesothelioma between men and women across countries
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of asbestos exposure in the aetiology of peritoneal mesothelioma and differences in the incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma among women and men in Sweden and the Netherlands. All cases of peritoneal mesothelioma from the national cancer registers of both countries for the period 1989-2003 were selected. Linear regression analysis was used to analyse trends over time. Among men, the incidence rate of peritoneal mesothelioma in the Netherlands was consistently higher than in Sweden. No trends over time were observed in either country, which may reflect the limited role of exposure to asbestos in the aetiology of peritoneal mesothelioma as compared to pleural mesothelioma. During the 15-year period in the Netherlands, the incidence rate among men was about 3.3-fold that of women. In Sweden, the incidence rate among women was slightly higher than of men up to 1999, and thereafter about threefold higher among men. This sudden shift was statistically significant and seemed mainly caused by changes in classification of peritoneal tumours.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dec. 2007, Vol.64, No.12, p.839-842. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 08-777
Health and Safety Executive
Asbestos kills: Protect yourself! - You are more at risk than you think
Booklet aimed at electricians, plumbers, heating and ventilation technicians and persons working in similar building and maintenance trades, explaining how to protect themselves from asbestos. It includes a drawing of a typical house, showing where asbestos is likely to be encountered, as well as a pocket card summarizing the safe practices to adopt when working in the presence of asbestos.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, Dec. 2007. 8p. Illus. (booklet); 6p. Illus. 4 ref. (pocket card).
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg419.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-650 Carel R., Olsson A.C., Zaridze D., Szeszenia-Dabrowska N., Rudnai P., Lissowska J., Fabianova E., Cassidy A., Mates D., Bencko V., Foretova L., Jenout V., Fevotte J., Fletcher T., 't Mannetje A., Brennan P., Boffetta P.
Occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres and risk of lung cancer: A multicentre case-control study in Europe
To investigate the contribution of occupational exposure to asbestos and man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) to lung cancer, a multicentre case-control study was conducted in seven European countries during the period 1998-2002. Comprehensive occupational and sociodemographic information was collected from 2205 newly-diagnosed male lung cancer cases and 2305 controls matched by age, smoking habits and occupational exposures. The odds ratios (ORs) of lung cancer were 0.92 in Central and Eastern Europe and 1.85 in the United Kingdom. Similar ORs were found for exposure to amphibole asbestos. The OR for MMVF exposure was 1.23 with no significant differences by country. Possible reasons for the differences between the United Kingdom and the other countries are discussed.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 2007, Vol.64, No.8, p.502-508. 38 ref.

CIS 08-581 Siemiatycki J.
Investigating cancer risks related to asbestos and other occupational carcinogens
While it is estimated that 90% of lung cancers among men and 70% among women are attributable to smoking, the rest are believed to be due to occupational factors. Occupational cancer remains a critically-important area of research, both for lung cancer and other cancers. This editorial argues that it is important to have in place the resources needed for such research. It is likely that population-based case-control studies will be the primary design used. This will require creating and maintaining a cadre of experts who can carry out the exposure assessment needed for such research.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aug. 2007, Vol.64, No.8, p.500-501. 14 ref.

CIS 08-669 Ameille J., Clin-Godard B., Descatha A., Letourneux M.
Benign respiratory diseases caused by the inhalation of asbestos
Maladies respiratoires bénignes liées à l'inhalation d'amiante [in French]
Benign asbestos-related diseases may involve the lung or the pleura. Asbestosis is an interstitial pulmonary fibrosis caused by high levels of exposure to asbestos, which is becoming less frequent because of improved prevention measures. Asbestosis is associated with an increased risk of bronchial and lung cancer. By itself, pulmonary fibrosis may increase this risk regardless of the cumulative exposure to asbestos. Pleural plaques are circumscribed areas of fibrosis of the parietal layer of the pleura. Usually asymptomatic, they are by far the most frequent asbestos-related diseases. There is no evidence that subjects with pleural plaques present an increased risk of lung cancer or mesothelioma, compared to other subjects with similar exposure but without plaques. Benign pleural effusions and fibrosis of the visceral pleura are much less frequent. Fibrosis of visceral pleura may be responsible of chest pain and restrictive ventilatory impairment. It is radiologically characterized by the presence of parenchymal bands and/or rounded atelectasis in association with a pleural thickening. Procedures for the compensation of asbestos-related occupational diseases in France are reviewed.
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 3rd Quarter 2007, No.156, 11p. 156 ref.

CIS 08-664 Containment or removal of asbestos or asbestos-containing materials - A guide to prevention
Travaux de retrait ou de confinement d'amiante ou de matériaux en contenant - Guide de prévention [in French]
The removal or containment of asbestos or asbestos-containing material (ACM) can engender risks, whether these materials are located in buildings, structures, equipment or plants, including in case of demolition. This guide is aimed at all parties involved in an on-site asbestos remediation operation (building owner, order giver, main contractor, enterprises, employers, occupational physicians, employees, OHS professionals), whether the operation was decided given the state of the ACMs or considering the nature of the work on buildings and plants requiring prior treatment of these materials. Contents: general aspects; technical and sampling requirements; removal or confinement of friable ACMs; removal or confinement of non-friable ACMs. Appendices include lists of relevant approved occupational diseases in France, French laws and regulations, lists of products containing asbestos and a check-list for evaluating exposure and preparing an action plan. Replaces CIS 00-68.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2nd ed., July 2007.102p. Illus. Price: EUR 12.00. Downloadable version free of charge.
http://www.inrs.fr/INRS-PUB/inrs01.nsf/inrs01_catalog_view_view/A9909E404051F1C8C1256CD900505303/$FILE/ed815.pdf [in French]

CIS 08-174
World Health Organization
Outline for the development of national programmes for elimination of asbestos-related diseases
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has prepared jointly with the World Health Organization (WHO) the outline for the Development of National Programmes for Elimination of Asbestos-Related Diseases (NPEAD). This outline has been developed to give effect to the ILO 2006 Resolution on asbestos adopted by the International Labour Conference in June 2006 and to the WHO position paper on elimination of asbestos related diseases. The outline is intended to assist countries in establishing their national programs for the elimination of asbestos-related diseases. It is a tool for increasing policy coherence for reducing and finally phasing out the use of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 2007. 13p.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/health/outline_npead.pdf [in English]

CIS 08-66 Bianchi C., Bianchi T.
Malignant mesothelioma: Global incidence and relationship with asbestos
Literature survey. Mesothelioma incidence varies markedly from one country to another. The areas of high incidence generally correspond to the sites of industries with high asbestos use, such as shipbuilding and asbestos-cement industry. However, in some countries with high asbestos consumption, mesothelioma incidence is low. The reasons for this situation are not clear. Mesotheliomas generally develop after long-time exposures to asbestos and with latency periods of often more than 40 years. An inverse relationship exists between intensity of asbestos exposure and the length of the latency period. Some recent studies show that the risk increases with the duration of exposure. Possible co-factors in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related mesothelioma include genetic predisposition, diets poor in fruit and vegetables, some viruses, immune impairment and recurrent pleural inflammation. While a levelling-off in mesothelioma incidence has been registered in some countries, a worsening of the epidemic is predictable in large parts of the world.
Industrial Health, June 2007, Vol.45, No.3, p.379-387. Illus. 89 ref.

CIS 07-1373 Anastasiadou K., Gidarakos E.
Toxicity evaluation for the broad area of the asbestos mine of northern Greece
In this study, the environmental quality of an open-air asbestos mine in northern Greece was evaluated over a twelve-year period (1993-2005) by measuring and monitoring the concentration of asbestos fibres in air, soil and water. Measurements were also made in nearby villages. The mine ceased operations in the year 2000. Concentrations of chrysotile asbestos were lower than in older measurements taken at the same sampling points during the operation of the mine, but were still found to be high. The results of this work have provided a reliable framework for estimating the risk of the mine to its surrounding environment and helped to determine a plan for the remediation of the site. In addition, mathematical models based on human and animal studies were used to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from breathing air containing asbestos fibres in the wider vicinity of the mine in order to define appropriate procedures for evaluating asbestos-related risk.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Jan. 2007, Vol.139, No.1, p.9-18. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 07-1301 Rüegger M., Jost M.
Malignant tumours caused by asbestos: Recognition as occupational diseases
Durch Asbest bedingte bösartige Tumoren: Anerkennung als Berufsfkankheit [in German]
Tumeurs malignes causées par l'amiante: reconnaissance comme maladies professionnelles [in French]
The current practice of the Swiss accident insurance institution (SUVA) with respect to the recognition of malignant tumours due to asbestos as occupational diseases is described in order to facilitate their declaration. The criteria for recognition of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma and for bronchial carcinoma are presented, along with the historical trends in the number of cases recognized as occupational diseases in Switzerland and a comparison with other countries.
Informations médicales - Medizinische Mitteilungen, 2007, No.78, p.64-70. Illus. 14 ref.
https://wwwsapp1.suva.ch/sap/public/bc/its/mimes/zwaswo/99/pdf/02869_78_f.pdf ((part)) [in French]
https://wwwsapp1.suva.ch/sap/public/bc/its/mimes/zwaswo/99/pdf/02869_78_d.pdf ((part)) [in German]

CIS 07-638 Giannasi F.
Ban on asbestos diaphragms in the chlorine-related chemical industry and efforts toward a worldwide ban
The EU Directive 1999/77/EC (see CIS 99-1767), prohibiting new applications of chrysotile, exempted diaphragms used in electrolysis to produce chlorine and caustic soda in existing chlor-alkali plants until they reach the end of their service life, or until suitable asbestos-free substitutes become available, whichever is sooner. There is no technical justification for extending this exemption after January 2008, when it is scheduled for review. Economic interests should not take precedence over the social and environmental costs imposed by the asbestos production required for this industry. The EU Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment should not further delay the necessary decision on a total and immediate worldwide ban of the mining, manufacturing, and all uses of asbestos.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 2007, Vol.13, No.1, p.80-84. Illus. 12 ref.
http://www.ijoeh.com/pfds/IJOEH_1301_Giannasi.pdf [in English]

CIS 07-637 Tweedale G.
The Rochdale asbestos cancer studies and the politics of epidemiology: What you see depends on where you sit
The history of the exploitation of epidemiology by the U.K. asbestos industry and the subsequent obscuring of the disastrous results of exposures is presented, exploring in particular the roles of Sir Richard Doll and his colleagues. Epidemiology, often regarded as a neutral science, is susceptible to socio-political influences.
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jan.-Mar. 2007, Vol.13, No.1, p.70-79. 82 ref.
http://www.ijoeh.com/pfds/IJOEH_1301_Tweedale.pdf [in English]

2006

CIS 12-0246 Purse K.
Asbestos: A global epidemic in need of a global solution
Australia has the world's highest per capita incidence of mesothelioma. The adoption of stringent safeguards, followed later by the ban of asbestos in many developed countries has contributed to a global restructuring of the asbestos industry, with a shift towards emerging countries. This article argues that unless national bans are imposed and strict standards adopted to manage existing sources of exposure in these countries, the asbestos epidemic will continue unabated.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, 2006, Vol.22, No.1, p.21-26. 16 ref.
Asbestos_A_global_epidemic_[BUY_THIS_ARTICLE] [in English]

CIS 12-0241 A practical guide on best practice to prevent or minimise asbestos risks in work that involves (or may involve) asbestos: for the employer, the workers and the labour inspector
The Senior Labour Inspectors Committee (SLIC) prepared this guideline together with the European Social Partners (trade union and employers representatives) and the Advisory Committee for Safety and Health at Work (ACSH). It provides information on the identification of asbestos and asbestos products and raises awareness of the asbestos presence. It describes good practice on asbestos removal (dust suppression, enclosure and protective equipment) and the handling asbestos-cement products and waste. Furthermore, the guideline encourages the use of protective equipment and clothing, taking into account human factors. It is aimed at employers (regarding technical, organizational and personal safety and health protection), employees (regarding information about protective measures, workers¿ training, OSH motivation) and labour inspectors (regarding key aspects during inspection visits). Exists also in Maltese.
European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium, 2006, viii, 143p. Illus. 29 ref.
A_practical_guide_on_best_practice_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [in English]
Guide_des_meilleures_pratiques_[INTERNET_FREE_ACCESS] [in French]

CIS 08-754 Health and Safety - Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations revoke and replace the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002 (CIS 03-1029), and revoke and re-enact, with modifications, the Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 (CIS 83-1850) and the Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1992 (CIS 93-359, as amended by CIS 03-1518). They implement in Great Britain the provisions of Directives 76/769/EEC (CIS 92-22), 83/477/EEC (CIS 84-327), 90/394/EEC (CIS 90-1758) and 98/24/EC (CIS 98-1094), as modified. The main purpose of the Regulations is to protect workers who may be exposed to asbestos at work and other persons who may be affected by such work. They also impose duties on employees concerning their own protection from such exposure. The new control limit for all kinds of asbestos is set at 0.1f/cm³ of air averaged over a continuous period of 4h. Contents: interpretation; application; duty to manage asbestos in non-domestic premises; identification of the presence of asbestos; assessment of work which exposes employees to asbestos; plans of work; licencing of work with asbestos; notification of work with asbestos; information, instruction and training of workers; prevention or reduction of exposure to asbestos; use and maintenance of control measures; provision and cleaning of protective clothing; arrangements to deal with accidents, incidents and emergencies; duty to prevent or reduce the spreading of asbestos; cleanliness of premises and plant; designated areas; air monitoring; standards for air testing and site clearance certification; standards for analysis; health records and medical surveillance; washing and changing facilities; storage, distribution and labelling of raw asbestos and asbestos waste; prohibitions (basically, the importation, supply and use of asbestos and of any product to which asbestos has intentionally been added are banned).
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 2006. (Also: TSO Online Bookshop, http://www.tso.co.uk/bookshop/). 28p. Illus. Price: GBP 4.50.
http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062739.htm [in English]

CIS 08-416 Asbestos inventory and management programme
Inventaire d'amiante et programme de gestion [in French]
Asbestinventaris en beheersprogramma [in Dutch]
The inventory of all sources of asbestos within the enterprise is a key element of workers' protection. Despite its being a legal requirement, many enterprises have still not compiled an asbestos inventory. The aim of this booklet is to help enterprise managers to compile and update the asbestos inventory and its corresponding action plan. Contents: Belgian legal requirements; preliminary steps; search for asbestos-containing products within the enterprise; carrying out the inventory; management programme; disposal of asbestos-containing waste. The booklet is accompanied by a leaflet summarizing the hazards and protective measures to be taken in connection with the presence of asbestos.
Service public fédéral, Emploi, travail et concertation sociale, rue Ernest Blériot 1, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium, 2006. 40p. Illus. 12 ref.
http://www.werk.belgie.be/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=6528 [in Dutch]
http://www.emploi.belgique.be/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=6528 [in French]

CIS 08-379 Recalde Ruiz D.L., Laborda Grima R.
Guide to the preparation of work plans applicable to the dismantling and demolition of asbestos-containing structures. New legislation
Guía para el desarrollo de planes de trabajo en operaciones de desguace y demolición de estructuras que contienen amianto. Nueva legislación [in Spanish]
Spanish Royal Decree 396/2006 fixes the minimum safety and health requirements applicable to work involving the risk of exposure to asbestos. This article analyses the aspects to take into consideration when preparing the work plans for the dismantling and demolition of asbestos-containing structures that comply with the new legislation, namely: requirements with respect to the work plan; aspects that need to be taken into consideration when preparing the work plan; workers' training; waste disposal; health surveillance.
Prevención, Oct.-Dec. 2006, No.178, p.60-68. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 08-395 Gennaro V., Montanaro F.
Pleural mesothelioma among asbestos-exposed workers in petroleum refineries: A work-related disease and a sentinel event
Il mesotelioma pleurico nei lavoratori esposti ad amiento nelle raffinerie du petrolio: malattia professionale ed evento sentinella [in Italian]
Petroleum refinery workers were not considered at risk for asbestos-related pathologies, in spite of the documented presence of asbestos at their place of work. This article reports the findings of epidemiological studies which demonstrate a high risk of pleural mesothelioma and point to the occupational origin of some asbestos-related pathologies among the maintenance staff of the refineries. Case-control and cohort studies, conducted in Italy and Canada, analysed the subgroup most heavily exposed to asbestos (maintenance staff) and the control groups not exposed (office staff and the general population). Relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR) were estimated using Poisson regression. The studies on maintenance staff showed a very high AR for pleural mesothelioma (96-100%) and lung cancer (42-49%), and an excess of mortality due to all neoplastic and non-neoplastic causes.
European Journal of Oncology, Sep. 2006, Vol.11, No.3, p.185-191. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 08-173 For the banning of asbestos in the Andean sub-region
Por la prohibición del amianto o asbesto en la Subregión Andina [in Spanish]
This document analyses the situation with respect to the use of asbestos in the countries of the sub-Andean region, based on a survey carried out in Bolivia, Columbia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela. It examines in particular the volume of imports and the production and uses of asbestos, as well as the management of the hazards and the level of information on the risks in the various countries. Bolivia and Columbia are in favour of controlling the uses of the product, while Peru and Venezuela are in favour of an outright ban.
Instituto laboral andino (ILA), Av. Paseo de la Republica 3832, Oficina 502, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru, 2006. 28p. Illus. 7 ref.
http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/newsevents/files/doc_asbesto.pdf [in Spanish]

CIS 07-1300 Leigh J., Henderson D.
Lung cancer related to asbestos exposure: Causation and compensation
Based on a literature survey, this article reviews the evidence for lung cancer causation as a result of asbestos exposure and the effect that smoking has on this relationship. The effects of asbestos fibre type are also discussed. Medico-legal criteria for attributing lung cancer causation to asbestos exposure are proposed. The effects of genetic susceptibility and the possibility of causal apportionment systems are also discussed.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Oct. 2006, Vol.22, No.5, p.449-462. 71 ref.

CIS 07-1299 Leigh J., Henderson D.
The epidemiology of malignant mesothelioma
Based on a literature survey, this article reviews the epidemiology of malignant mesothelioma, discussing history, incidence trends, occupational and non- occupational asbestos causation, and putative non-asbestos causation. It also describes the global situation in relation to estimated future incidence.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Oct. 2006, Vol.22, No.5, p.441-447. 50 ref.

CIS 07-1298 Blundell T.
Asbestos-related disease compensation - 2006: At the crossroads
In Australia, the incidence of asbestos-related disease (including mesothelioma, asbestos-related pleural disease and lung cancer) is increasing. While victims generally have an entitlement to compensation, their accessibility to this entitlement may be restricted as many of the existing insurance systems are currently being reviewed and undergoing procedural change. However, the new procedures in Australia will be more widely accepted if the proposed changes are fair, and do not restrict or reduce the rights to the entitlements of persons with asbestos-related diseases. This article argues that it is vital that the level of asbestos compensation entitlements payable to victims of asbestos-related diseases is maintained and their rights to proper representation, appeal and review are preserved.
Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand, Oct. 2006, Vol.22, No.5, p.427-440. Illus. 16 ref.

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