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Heterocyclic compounds - 575 entries found

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  • Heterocyclic compounds

1991

CIS 93-595 Taeger E., Mieck K.P., Banke K.H.
Application of polyozadiazole fibres for protective clothing
Anwendung von Polyoxadiozolfasern in der Arbeitsschutzbekleidung [in German]
The results of resistance tests of poly-p-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole (POD) fibres to heat, fire, water vapour, solvents, ultraviolet radiation, warm acids and alkaline substances are presented. The POD fibre is capable of resisting temperatures above 300°C for short periods of time and temperatures of 200°C and below for long periods of time. It is fire and solvent resistant. The possible applications of the fibres, such as in bag filters for flue gas cleaning or protective clothing, are outlined. In tests of the thermal insulating property of protective gloves made of the fibre, the POD gloves were comparable to those made of asbestos fibre.
Chemiefasern / Textil-Industrie, 1991, Vol.41, No.3, p.T28-T33. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 93-574 Alday E., Moneo I., Lucena R., Zamorano M.L., Montilla A., Cabezas M.M., López M.J.
Occupational sensitisation in the alkaloid preparation industry (Papaver somniferum)
Sensibilización profesional en la industria de preparación de alcaloides (Papaver somniferum) [in Spanish]
A study on sensitisation to poppy (Papaver somniferum) powder took place in the morphine-extraction section of a pharmaceutical enterprise. Medical examinations, in particular skin, blood and respiratory function tests and radiological examinations, were performed on 29 workers, seven of whom had symptoms of sensitisation. The results of the tests indicated that occupational sensitisation to the antigen under study occurred in individuals with symptoms. It was concluded that the medical examinations carried out were appropriate for the investigation of sensitisation. A description of the industrial processes to obtain alkaloids from the poppy plant is included.
Salud y trabajo, 1991, No.84, p.4-8. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 93-610 Warholm M.
DEC and SCG basis for an occupational health standard. Pyridine
Criteria document. Pyridine has an unpleasant, nauseating odour and it is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Mild symptoms of central nervous system injury may result from exposure to approximately 10ppm. Higher doses cause liver and kidney damage. Most studies on mutagenicity and genotoxicity are negative. The critical effects of pyridine seem to be its effects on the central nervous system and the liver. Summary in swedish.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1991. 20p. 73 ref.

CIS 93-65 Strychnine sulphate
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: corrosive; extremely toxic; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-63 Rhodamine WT
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and skin. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-61 Pyridine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the gastrointestinal tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); lowering of blood pressure. Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; may affect the liver and kidneys.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-57 Piperidine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 93-46 Morpholine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver and kidneys.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1622 Beaulieu H.J., Schmerber K.R.
M-Pyrol (NMP) use in the microelectronics industry
The cyclic amide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or M-Pyrol, is commonly encountered in the microelectronics industry as a solvent used primarily for dissolving plastic materials. Preliminary toxicological information is emerging documenting properties of M-Pyrol as a severe eye irritant. Prolonged skin contact can lead to severe irritation. No threshold limit value (TLV) has been established for M-Pyrol; however, the GAF Corporation currently recommends a time-weighted average (TWA) value of 100ppm. Initial evaluations during this study of worker exposure to the chemical indicate that severe eye irritation and headaches are experienced at levels as low as 0.7ppm in air for even short periods of time (30 minutes). In order to prevent eye irritation and headaches, it is recommended that worker exposures to M-Pyrol vapour do not exceed 0.1ppm (skin).
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Oct. 1991, Vol.6, No.10, p.874-880. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 92-1122 Trietazine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: eye irritation; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; hepatic damage.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1117 Strychnine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: very toxic; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); convulsions; muscle contractions; paralysis of respiratory muscles.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-1095 2-Aminopyridine
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; convulsions; respiratory distress and failure.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-743 Folpet
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitisation; may have effects on the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, lymphatic and blood forming tissues, kidneys and muscles; may cause genetic damage and retarded development of the new-born.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 92-544 Manz A., Berger J., Dwyer J.H., Flesch-Janys D., Nagel S., Waltsgott H.
Cancer mortality among workers in chemical plant contaminated with dioxin
Report of a follow-up study of 1,583 workers employed in a chemical plant in Germany producing herbicides where they might be exposed to processes using tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Production of TCDD was reduced from 1954 after an outbreak of chloracne. Cancer mortality was found to be increased among men with 20 or more years of employment, and among men who began employment before 1955. Only 7% of cohort women worked in the high exposure locations in the plant and no increased risk of cancer mortality was observed, although breast cancer mortality was raised. Results support the hypothesis that TCDD is a human carcinogen.
Lancet, 19 Oct. 1991, Vol.338, No.8773, p.959-964. 30 ref.

CIS 92-31 Atrazine
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes; neurotoxic effects. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; skin sensitisation; pulmonary and liver diseases.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 91-1792 Paraquat
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract; lung oedema; lung haemorrhage and fibrosis; damage to liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and digestive tract. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; loss of fingernails; lung diseases.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 2p.

CIS 91-1933 Brasch J.
Allergic contact dermatitis from 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
A 30 year-old pharmacist suffered from acute allergic contact dermatitis due to 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-C1). Contact allergy towards this reagent and 2 of its reaction products was proven by patch tests. As NBD-C1 has not been reported as an allergen before, the characteristics of this chemical and its use as an analytical reagent are briefly surveyed. Similarities to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) are pointed out.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1991, Vol.25, No.2, p.121-124. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 91-1595 Merritt J.R., Herington L., Jones S.B., Sayed Y.
Analysis of hexamine combustion
Hexamine was combusted under varying amounts of oxygen in a modified Parr combustion bomb. The products were collected and analysed by gas chromatography, ion chromatography, ion-selective electrodes, and colorimetric tests. The primary products were nitrogen and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia. Other possible products such as hydrogen cyanide, dinitrogen monoxide, and carbon monoxide were not detected. Experiments conducted in larger concentrations of oxygen showed an increase in the amounts of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide and a decrease in the amount of ammonia relative to experiments conducted in smaller concentrations of oxygen.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Jan.1991, Vol.52, No.1, p.30-33. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 91-1277
Werkgroep van Deskundigen ter vaststelling van MAC-waarden (Dutch Expert Committee for Occupational Standards)
Health-based recommended occupational exposure limits for tetrahydrofuran
The present document is a joint production of the Dutch Expert Committee and the Nordic Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. The risks to human health of exposure to tetrahydrofuran (THF) are evaluated. THF is often used as a solvent in adhesives for plastics and in lacquers. The most probably route of occupational exposure is by inhalation. Some results indicate that THF is metabolised by an induceable oxidative enzyme system. THF is an irritant to mucous membranes and skin. Effects on the liver and kidneys have been found in a few cases and in animal experiments. The studies of THF teratogenicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity are negative. The critical effect of THF seems to be irritation of mucous membranes and skin. Analysis of the data available leads to a recommended occupational exposure limit of 300mg/m3 (=100ppm) TWA-8h (H notation). Summary in Dutch.
Department of Social Affairs and Employment, Directorate-General of Labour (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Postbus 90804, 2509 LV Den Haag, Netherlands, 1991. 35p. 58 ref.

CIS 91-938
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Coffee, tea, mate, methylxanthines and methylglyoxal
Monographs evaluate the carcinogenic risks to humans of coffee, tea, mate, caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and methylglyoxal. IARC final classification: coffee is possibly carcinogenic to the human urinary bladder (Group 2B); hot mate drinking is probably carcinogenic to humans (2A); the other compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans (3). The monographs are the result of the meeting of an IARC Working Group, held in Lyon (France), 27 Feb.-6 Mar. 1990.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1991. 513p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 80.00.

CIS 91-402 Tetrahydrofuran
Tétrahydrofuranne [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Exposure limits (France, 1987): TWA exposure value = 590mg/m3. Short term effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (drunkenness); erythema. Long term effects: dermatitis. EC identification numbers and mandatory labelling codes: No. 601-021-003; F, Xn: R11-20; S16-25-29-33.
Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1991. 4p. 36 ref.

1990

CIS 99-258
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Atrazine health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the limitation of exposure to atrazine. Includes a summary of chemical safety information for workplace display. Topics: atrazine; containment of spills; disposal of harmful waste; fire protection; first aid; health engineering; health hazards; IPCS; legislation; permissible levels; storage; toxic effects.
World Health Organization (WHO), Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 22p. Illus. Price: CHF 5.00 (CHF 3.50 in developing countries).

CIS 99-257
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Bentazon health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the limitation of exposure to bentazon. Includes a summary of chemical safety information for workplace display. Topics: agricultural chemicals; bentazon; containment of spills; disposal of harmful waste; fire protection; first aid; health engineering; health hazards; herbicides; IPCS; legislation; permissible levels; storage; toxic effects.
World Health Organization (WHO), Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 18p. Illus. Price: CHF 5.00 (CHF 3.50 in developing countries).

CIS 93-1661 Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report No.1. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement. Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation n°1: Dibenzodioxines polychlorées et dibenzofurannes polychlorés [in French]
These substances are considered "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. This report reviews the available environmental and toxicological data on polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (dioxins) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (furans). Exposures to these substances in the workplace, or from industrial accidents, have resulted in changes in the skin (including chloracne) that can persist for many years. Extensive exposures have also produced neurological and psychological effects (including sexual dysfunction), elevated blood levels of some enzymes and averse effects on the foetus. The evidence of a link between cancer incidence or mortality and exposure to dioxins and furans is equivocal.
Commercial Chemicals Branch, Environment Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Ottawa, Ontario K1A OH3, Canada, 1990. ix, 56p. 96 ref.

CIS 92-1304 Foussereau J.
Allergens potentially responsible for occupational eczema
Allergènes divers pouvant être responsables d'eczémas en milieu de travail [in French]
This data sheet provides condensed information on the following occupational allergens: aziridine (ethylenimine), 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol, chloroacetamide, 2-chloroacetophenone, o-chlorobenzylidene-malonitrile, methyl dichlorobenzenesulfonate, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, dodicin, formaldehyde, triglydicyl isocyanurate, Kathon CG, 2-chloro-N-(hydroxymethyl)-acetamide, phenylindole, propanidid, propolis, phenol-formaldehyde polymers, Skane M-8, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, tetryl, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, trinitrotoluene.
Documents pour le médecin du travail, 3rd Quarter 1990, No.43, p.233-238. Illus. 51 ref.

CIS 92-973 Falcy M.
Polycyclic halogenated derivatives
Dérivés halogénés polycycliques [in French]
This chemical family consists of substances which are usually a mixture of several isomers or congeners, the toxic effects of which are intermixed. Experimental toxicity and human toxicity following accidental or occupational exposure are examined for: polychlorobiphenyls (PCB); polychlorodibenzodioxins, in particular 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) used as a defoliant in Vietnam and responsible for the Seveso incident; polybromobiphenyls; and some herbicides based on chloranilides. The extremely low thresholds of toxicity for some of these products are indicated. Particular mention is made of transformer accidents and the decontamination of areas polluted by TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzodioxin).
Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Intoxications, Pathologie du travail, 1990, 8p. Illus. 106 ref.

CIS 92-918 Wolfe W.H., Michalek J.E., Miner J.C., Rahe A., Silva J., Thomas W.F., Grubbs W.D., Lustik M.B., Karrison T.G., Roegner R.H., Williams D.E.
Health status of Air Force veterans occupationally exposed to herbicides in Vietnam. I - Physical health; II - Mortality
In a 20-year comprehensive study, the health and noncombat mortality of US Air Force veterans responsible for aerial spraying of herbicides in Viet Nam were compared with those of a group of non-exposed veterans. At the second follow-up examination in 1987, both groups were similar in reported health problems, diagnosed skin conditions, and hepatic, cardiovascular and immune profiles, but exposed subjects had experienced significantly more basal cell carcinomas than comparison subjects. The mortality study showed no significant group differences regarding accidental death, malignant neoplasm, and circulatory deaths and no evidence of increased mortality among the exposed group.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10 Oct. 1990, Vol.264, No.14, p.1824-1836. Illus. 50 ref.

CIS 92-902 Sorsa M., Pyy L.
Exposure assessment of workers in the production of cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an extremely well documented mutagen and carcinogen in both in vitro and in vivo test systems, as well as in humans. CP concentration in air was measured (66 air samples) in the production department where CP was manufactured. The highest potential exposure was found to occur during specific operations at the end of the process, when airborne concentrations of CP may rise up to several hundred µg/m3. Mutagenicity measurements of air samples at the beginning of the process revealed direct mutagenicity similar to the CP intermediates. The workers who were using supplied air masks, gloves and protective clothing, revealed no responses in urinary mutagenicity when after-work and after-holiday samples were compared. The cytogenetic parameters such as chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges did not differ in frequency between the group of workers in the CP production unit and the control group.
Polish Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1990, Vol.3, No.2, p.185-189. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 92-601 Meyer M.
Risk analysis after fires
Gefährdungsanalyse nach Bränden [in German]
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo(a)pyrene) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are identified as being present in soot from fires in buildings with technical installations such as transformers or cables. The concentration of these substances must be determined prior to return of employees to the rooms. If the limits of 50ppm for benzo(a)pyrene and of 0.002ppm for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or dibenzofurans are exceeded, rooms may be entered only with a respirator, protective gloves and disposable overall.
Sicherheitsingenieur, Nov. 1990, No.11, p.12-14, 16-21. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 92-542 Costellati L., Guglielmin A.M., Vistoli O., Carboni G.P., Rambaldi R.
Allergic contact dermatitis - Evaluation of patch tests in animal fodder plant workers
Dermatiti allergiche da contatto - Valutazione della positività ai test epicutanei nei lavoratori di un mangimificio [in Italian]
Patch tests were performed on 43 workers employed in an animal fodder plant, a typical dust-laden environment. The aim of the study was to establish and assess the incidence of preclinical sensitisation to the substances used, some of which are well known allergens, and identify which of these were mostly responsible. On the whole, the tests did not reveal any major reaction to the allergens used, nor polysensitisation. However, an unexpected number of cases was sensitised to phenothiazine, a substance that had not been used for the preceding two years. This observation is of interest since phenothiazine is scarcely allergenic and skin eruptions occur only after photosensitisation.
Medicina del lavoro, July-Aug. 1990, Vol.81, No.4, p.296-300. 9 ref.

CIS 91-1921 Müller W.
Poison in the computer - Toxic vapours as causes of diseases
Gift im Computer - Giftige Dämpfe als Krankheitsursache [in German]
Printed circuits and plastic enclosures of personal computers contain polybrominated biphenyl ether as a flame retardant. In case of fire, dioxins and dibenzofurans are produced. One case is reported in which an employee had high concentrations of these substances in the liver after work at a personal computer. Emission measurements during one hour of computer operation at 60°C confirmed the presence of high concentrations of dibenzofurans. Use of metal casings and substitution are named as preventive measures. A survey of flame retardants used by well-known manufacturers of personal computers is given.
c't - Magazin für Computer-Technik, 1990, No.10, p.44.

CIS 91-1452 Quinoline
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects. Long term exposure effects: liver and kidney damage; damage to the retina; genetic effects.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1990. 2p.

CIS 91-1218 Lukassowitz I.
Minimising dioxin emissions into the environment is urgently needed in order to reduce dioxin levels
Eintragsminimierung zur Reduzierung der Dioxinbelastung dringend erforderlich [in German]
The Federal Bureau of Health and the Environmenal Protection Agency of Germany have prepared a report on measures to reduce dioxin emissions. Excerpts of the recommended measures are presented. They address: reduction of dioxin emissions from waste incineration, smelting and metalworking plants as well as the pulp and paper industry; prohibition of the use of brominated and chlorinated plastics in flammable equipment; prohibition of any increase in existing dioxin pollution of the soil.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, 1990, No.8, p.350-354.

CIS 91-907 O'Malley M.A., Carpenter A.V., Sweeney M.H., Fingerhut M.A., Marlow D.A., Halperin W.E., Mathias C.G.
Chloracne associated with employment in the production of pentachlorophenol
To evaluate the association between exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP) and the occurrence of chloracne, the medical and personnel records for individuals employed in the manufacturing of PCP were studied. Forty-seven cases of chloracne were identified among 648 workers (7%) assigned to PCP production at a single plant between 1953 and 1978. No linear trend in the risk of chloracne was observed with the duration of employment. Workers with a documented episode of direct skin contact with PCP had a significantly increased risk of chloracne compared with workers who did not have such an episode. Results confirm that chloracne is associated with exposure to PCP contaminated with hexachlorinated, heptachlorinated, and octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1990, Vol.17, No.4, p.411-421. 23 ref.

CIS 91-399 Pyridine
Piridina [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA, and adaptation into Spanish of the corresponding data sheet from the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards" (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-104).
Noticias de seguridad, Nov. 1990, Vol.52, No.11, 4p. Insert.

CIS 91-396 Paraquat
Paraquat [in Spanish]
Chemical safety data sheet published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA, and adaptation into Spanish of the corresponding data sheet from the NIOSH publication "Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards" (DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No.89-104).
Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1990, Vol.52, No.10, 4p. Insert.

CIS 91-463 de Groot A.C., Conemans J.M.H.
Contact allergy to furazolidone
A case of occupational contact allergy to furazolidone, used as an animal feed additive and as an antimicrobial drug in veterinary medicine, is described. The patient did not react to furazolidone 2% pet. Using PEG-400 and alcohol as patch test vehicles resulted in positive patch test reactions. No cross-reactions were observed to other nitrofuran derivatives (nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin) or to furfural. The literature on contact allergy to nitrofurans is reviewed.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1990, Vol.22, No.4, p.202-205. 20 ref.

CIS 91-185 Kimbrough R.D.
How toxic is 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin to humans?
This paper discusses the susceptibility of different species to the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Tissue level measurements are reviewed and an approach is suggested for comparing body burdens of chemicals in different species. Human exposure levels and adverse health effects following environmental or occupational exposure or accidents are discussed. It is concluded that humans are less or no more susceptible to the toxic effects of TCDD than most of the laboratory animals studied. The present exposure of the general population to environmental levels of TCDD and related compounds should not be of concern.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Aug. 1990, Vol.30, No.4, p.261-271. 39 ref.

CIS 91-198 Manoguerra A.S.
Full thickness skin burns secondary to an unusual exposure to diquat dibromide
The clothing of a pesticide applicator became saturated with diquat dibromide solution, allowing the material to accumulate in his boots. Exposure continued over one-and-a-half workdays, after which the applicator's feet had become so painful as to call for medical attention. Chemical burning of the feet was so severe that skin grafting was required. Eight months after grafting the skin had healed but the patient had not been able to tolerate standing for long enough to return to work.
Clinical Toxicology, 1990, Vol.28, No.1, p.107-110. 4 ref.

CIS 90-1823 Sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate
Dihydrate de dichloroisocyanurate de sodium [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: very strong irritant; corrosive to mucous membranes; allergic contact dermatitis.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-1822 Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Dichloroisocyanurate de sodium [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: very strong irritant; corrosive to mucous membranes; allergic contact dermatitis.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-1821 Pyridine
Pyridine [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: irritant; neurotoxic effects; skin absorption; hepatic and kidney damage (therapeutic use).
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. Illus.

CIS 90-1819 Propylene carbonate
Carbonate de propylène [in French]
Chemical safety information sheet. Toxicity: skin, eye and respiratory tract irritant; the possible contaminant propylene oxide is a probable human carcinogen.
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 250 Main St. E., Hamilton, Ontario L8N 1H6, Canada, 1990. 1p. Illus.

1989

CIS 07-1394
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids - Health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the application of exposure limitation guidelines contained in Environmental Health Criteria 80 (see CIS 89-944). Contents: identity and use of pyrrolizidine alkaloids; effects on human health; risk evaluation; preventive measures and medical advice; current regulations and guidelines. The toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids form a large group of related compounds that occur in plants. Human health hazards include swelling of the abdomen and veno-occlusive disease, which may result in cirrhosis.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1989. 19p. Illus.
http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg/hsg026.htm [in English]

CIS 91-1106
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Brucine
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 88-74. Toxicity: LD50 = 1mg/kg. Very toxic if inhaled or ingested. Symptoms of poisoning are: nausea, vomiting, anxiety, convulsions. Mandatory European labelling: T, R26, R28, S1, S13, S45.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-1093
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Atropine
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 88-62. Atropine is a very toxic agent (LD50 = 622mg/kg), if ingested or inhaled. It paralyses the parasympathetic nervous system. Can sensitise the skin. Mandatory European labelling: T, R26, R28, S1, S25, S45.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-770
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Morpholine
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 87-1224. Morpholine is a flammable and toxic liquid (LD50 = 1050mg/kg). Inhalation of the vapour is harmful. Irritates the skin, the eyes and the mucous membranes. Corrosive. Has caused renal damage in animal experiments. Mandatory European labelling: F, C, R10, R20, R21, R22, R34, S23, S36.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-734
National Board of Labour Protection (Finland)
Aconitine
Translation into English of the chemical safety information sheet described in CIS 88-45. Toxicity: LD50 = 295mg/kg. Skin absorbtion, inhalation and ingestion of the agent can cause serious intoxication. Irritates and corrodes the oral mucous membranes. Symptoms of intoxication are: gastric pain, disturbances of the CNS, convulsions, cardiac rhythm disturbances. Death can follow 8min. to 4h after ingestion. Mandatory European labelling: T, R26, R28, S1, S24, S45.
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1989. 2p.

CIS 91-921 Hirz K.H.
Actions to be taken in case of PCB accidents
Verhalten bei PCB-Störfall [in German]
A fire of a PCB-filled capacitor in a power distribution facility was used as an example to point out mistakes in handling such types of accidents. At this fire, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzodioxins were released but no TCDD was detected. An emergency plan for dealing with fires involving PCB-filled equipment in the state of Hesse (Germany) is presented.
Sicherheitsingenieur, 1989, Vol.20, No.8, p.16-18. Illus.

CIS 91-897 Jitsunari F., Asakawa F., Nakajima T., Shimada J., Ogata M.
Determination of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol levels in the urine of termite control workers using chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, has been used to control termites since regulatory measures against the use of chlordanes in Japan were taken in September 1989. An improved gas chromatographic (GC) method for the assay of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in the urine was developed for the biological monitoring of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Urinary TCP was separated and determined precisely (coefficient of variation 4%) with high sensitivity (detection limit, 10ng/mL) and recovery (>90%) using a wide bore capillary column (WBC column). The accuracy and precision of the method are satisfactory. The time course of urinary excretion of TCP was followed in workers. Urinary TCP was low in the off-season and high in the busy season, and varied with the length of the working period. The TCP level showed a change reciprocal to the variations in the plasma cholinesterase activity. The urinary TCP level thus seems to reflect the extent of exposure to chlorpyrifos. The decrease in cholinesterase activity is probably due to exposure to chlorpyrifos.
Acta Medica Okayama, Oct. 1989, Vol.43, No.5, p.299-306. 15 ref.

CIS 91-179 Rozman K.
A critical view of the mechanism(s) of toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
From extensive studies on experimental animals some hypotheses have been developed on the mechanism by which TCDD causes toxic effects. These mechanisms are outlined. None of them provides an explanation for the observed inter-species differences. Evidence indicates that TCDD is a tumour promoter, not an initiator; 10pg/day TCDD are recommended as a safe lifetime exposure level for humans with regard to promotion of cancer, porphyria and chloracne.
Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt, 1989, Vol.37, No.3, p.81-92. Illus. 86 ref.

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