Heterocyclic compounds - 575 entries found

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1997

CIS 98-1303 Hervé-Bazin B.
Proposal for an occupational exposure limit for N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP)
Proposition d'une valeur limite d'exposition professionnelle à la N-méthylpyrrolidinone (NMP) [in French]
Topics: acute toxicity; methylpyrrolidinone; chronic toxicity; irritants; limitation of exposure; skin absorption; threshold limit values; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1997, No.168, p.507-514. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 98-1301 Sampling and analysis - Application sheet: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Méthode de prélèvement et d'analyse - Fiche d'application: N-méthyl-2-pyrrolidone [in French]
Topics: methylpyrrolidinone; data sheet; description of technique; France; gas chromatography; sampling and analysis; threshold limit values.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Hygiène et sécurité du travail, 3rd Quarter 1997, No.168, MPA 022, p.475-476. Illus.

CIS 98-842
Health and Safety Executive
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone - Risk assessment document
Topics: methylpyrrolidinone; criteria document; exposure evaluation; exposure tests; irritants; sampling and analysis; skin absorption; threshold limit values; toxic effects; toxicology; United Kingdom.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1997. iv, 98p. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 10.00.

CIS 98-782 Torén K., Brisman J., Meding B.
Sensitization and exposure to methylisothiazolinones (Kathon®) in the pulp and paper industry - A report of two cases
Topics: asthma; case study; dermatitis; eczema; fungicides; isothiazolinones; paper and paper products industry; sensitization dermatitis; skin tests; Sweden; transfer to other work.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, May 1997, Vol. 31, No.5, p.551-553. 11 ref.

CIS 98-727 Wigger-Alberti W., Elsner P.
Occupational contact dermatitis due to pyritinol
Topics: allergy tests; case study; dermatitis; eczema; laboratory work; pharmaceutical industry; pyridine and derivatives; pyridoxine; sensitization dermatitis; skin allergies; Switzerland.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1997, Vol.37, No.2, p.91-92. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 98-717 Jolanki R., Alanko K., Pfäffli P., Estlander T., Kanerva L.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole
Topics: allergens; allergy tests; azathioprine; case study; dermatitis; eczema; Finland; imidazoles; pharmaceutical industry; sensitization dermatitis; short-term exposure; skin eruption; skin tests; thin-layer chromatography.
Contact Dermatitis, Jan. 1997, Vol.36, No.1, p.53-54. 6 ref.

CIS 97-1654
Health and Safety Executive, Health and Safety Laboratory
Triglycidyl isocyanurate (and coating powders containing triglycidyl isocyanurate) in air
A method is described for the analysis of time-weighted average concentrations of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) and premix and coating powders containing TGIC in air. Principle: a measured volume of air is drawn through a silanized glass fibre filter mounted in an inhalable dust sampler; the sample is extracted using one of two methods depending on whether TGIC is present in air alone or in a premix or coating powder; the resulting solution is analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The method is validated between 0.01 and 0.2mg/m³ pure TGIC for sample volumes of 200L. The detection limit for TGIC is typically around 0.18µg per sample (0.9µg /m³ for a 200L volume air sample).
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, June 1997. 7p. 13 ref. Price: GBP 12.00.

CIS 97-1639
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
This monograph presents the views and expert opinions of an IARC working group which met in Lyon, France, 4-11 February 1997. Overall evaluation: dibenzo-para-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (other than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin is carcinogenic to humans.
IARC Press, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69732 Lyon Cedex 08, France, Vol.69, 1997. ix, 666p. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 80.00.

CIS 97-1603 Bower D.B.
Stillbirth after exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
This letter is in reply to a previous case report of a stillbirth following occupational exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (see CIS 96-1777). The producers of the chemical do not agree with the authors' line of reasoning that links a single stillbirth with an exposure to NMP. They also argue that inaccuracies in the review of animal toxicological data in the article could cause concerns among users of NMP who may consider themselves to be at risk. A reply by the original authors is presented.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, May 1997, Vol.39, No.5, p.393-394. 15 ref.

CIS 97-1240 Moscato G., et al.
Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in a chemical worker
A worker in a chemical factory producing detergents complained of rhinitis and asthma two months after starting a job in which he was exposed to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, a microbicidal additive. The specific challenge test with this substance provoked an immediate prolonged asthmatic response and nasal symptoms. This is the first known case of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by this compound.
Occupational Medicine, May 1997, Vol.47, No.4, p.249-251. 8 ref.

CIS 97-1265
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in June 1991: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (benzothiazolethiol) is a skin irritant and a skin sensitizer in humans; on the basis of results of long-term animal studies, the possibility that the substance is carcinogenic cannot be ruled out.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1997. xxiv, 146p. Bibl.ref.

1996

CIS 03-1809
World Health Organization (WHO)
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans - Some pharmaceutical drugs
This criteria document evaluates the following pharmaceutical compounds with respect to their carcinogenicity in humans: benzodiazepines and related compounds and phenytoin (diazepam, doxefazepam, estazolam, oxazepam, prazepam, ripazepam, temazepam, phenytoin); anti-oestrogenic compounds (droloxifene, tamoxifene, toremifene); hypolipidaemic drugs (clofibrate, gemfibrozil). Tamoxifene is classified in group 1 (carcinogenic in humans). Oxazepam and phenytoin are classified in group 2B (possibly carcinogenic in humans). All others fall under group 3 (not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity in humans).
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France 1996. iv, 514p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: CHF 80.00.

CIS 00-1684 Vogt R., Lorenz W., Bahadir M., Hopf H., Braunschweig T.
Formation of dioxins and related harmful substances during chemical experiments
Die Bildung von Dioxinen und verwandten Schadstoffen im chemischen Praktikum [in German]
Topics: chemical reactions; determination in air; determination of concentration; dioxins; distillation; exposure evaluation; halogenated amines; halogenated phenols; harmful substances; teaching; toxic substances; waste disposal.
CLB - Chemie in Labor und Biotechnik, 1996, Vol.47, No.8, p.362-365. 6 ref.

CIS 99-604 Lundberg P.
Scientific basis for Swedish occupational standards XVII
Vetenskapligt underlag för hygieniska gränsvärden 17 [in Swedish]
This volume consists of the consensus reports submitted by the Criteria Group at the Swedish National Institute for Working Life between July 1995 and June 1996. Topics: 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol; amylase; glyoxal; morpholine; cristobalite; quartz; tridymite; methoxyethoxyethyl acetate; criteria document; determination of exposure limits; enzymes; limitation of exposure; literature survey; propylene; proteolytic enzymes; Sweden; toxic effects; toxicology; translation.
Arbetslivsinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1996. 62p. Bibl.ref.

CIS 98-828
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Morpholine
Topics: morpholine; criteria document; ILO; IPCS; irritants; literature survey; toxic effects; toxicology; UNEP; visual function disorders; WHO.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1996. 163p. 275 ref. Price: CHF 27.00 (CHF 18.90 in developing countries).

CIS 98-779 Dimich-Ward H., Hertzman C., Teschke K., Hershler R., Marion S.A., Ostry A., Kelly S.
Reproductive effects of paternal exposure to chlorophenate wood preservatives in the sawmill industry
Topics: antifertility effects; Canada; chlorophenols; cohort study; dioxins; exposure evaluation; parental exposure; sawmilling industry; teratogenic effects; wood preservatives.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Aug. 1996, Vol.22, No.4, p.267-273. 31 ref.

CIS 97-1825 2-Aminopyridine
2-Aminopiridina [in Spanish]
Chemical safety card published by the Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, 33 Park Place, Englewood, NJ 07631, USA. Health hazards: skin absorption; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may cause convulsions.
Noticias de seguridad, Oct. 1996, Vol.58, No.10. 4p. Insert.

CIS 97-1598 Apostoli P., et al.
Criteria and methods for the study of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs
Criteri e metodi per lo studio dell'esposizione occupazionale a chemioterapici antiblastici [in Italian]
Risk assessment and exposure evaluation of antineoplastic drugs are discussed from the point of view of environmental and biological monitoring. The problems of exposed health workers (pharmacists and nursing personnel) are emphasized. Guidelines are proposed on the basis of a check list adopted in some Italian hospitals. Work rooms, procedures, types and quantities of drugs and preventive measures must be monitored according to a standardized data collection scheme. Determination of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and platinum coordination compounds used as tracers of drug mixtures is recommended in Italian hospitals. In annex: questionnaire for the evaluation of exposure to antineoplastic drugs; analytical methods for the determination of commonly used antineoplastic drugs.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1996, Vol.87, No.3, p.230-254. Illus. 60 ref.

CIS 97-753 Pyridine
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. Irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause stomach upset, headache, dizziness, lightheadedness and confusion. May cause skin allergy and damage the liver, kidneys and brain. It is a flammable liquid.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-400 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in. It is a carcinogen and may be a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Irritates the eyes and skin. May cause a severe acne-like skin rash. May damage the liver. May affect the nervous system.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-68, USA, 1996. 6p.

CIS 97-544 Bergman T.A., Johnson D.L., Boatright D.T., Smallwood K.G., Rando R.J.
Occupational exposure of nonsmoking nightclub musicians to environmental smoke
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in three nightclubs was assessed using total suspended particulate (TSP), the ultraviolet absorbing fraction of TSP (UVPM), gaseous nicotine, saliva nicotine, saliva cotinine, and perceived smokiness as exposure/dose indicators. Measured exposures were as high as, or higher than, those of other occupational groups studied, including bartenders and waitresses. UVPM levels were associated with gaseous and saliva nicotine concentrations. Correlation of TSP with UVPM and with gaseous and saliva nicotine was poor, suggesting that TSP should not be used as the sole indicator of ETS exposure. Saliva nicotine did not appear to be a reliable indicator of absorbed dose.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Aug. 1996, Vol.57, No.8, p.746-752. 27 ref.

CIS 97-567 Schecter A.J., Li L., Ke J., Fürst P., Fürst C., Päpke O.
Pesticide application and increased dioxin body burden in male and female agricultural workers in China
Following large-scale spraying of the pesticide sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) salt over agricultural and lake areas in China in the 1970s, dioxin levels were determined in sprayers or handlers of Na-PCP, and in persons living in sprayed and non-sprayed areas. Blood and breast-milk samples were collected and pooled for dioxin analysis, and samples of lake sediment were analyzed. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in human tissue were found to be low in China compared with more industrialized countries. However, environmental and human tissue samples from sprayed areas had PCDD/F levels and international dioxin toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) levels several times higher than those from non-sprayed areas.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sep. 1996, Vol.38, No.9, p.906-911. 10 ref.

CIS 97-237 Kieper H.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Exposure to polybrominated dibenzofurans and dibenzodioxins in copper smelting plants and in the production of flameproofed plastics
Belastung durch polybromierte Dibenzofurane und -dioxine in Sekundärkupferhütten und bei der Herstellung flammgeschützter Kunststoffe [in German]
Exposure to polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDD) and dibenzofurans (PBDF) was determined at selected workplaces in two scrap metal smelting plants and three plants producing flameproofed plastics in Germany. The smelting plants were chosen because they also process copper-containing scrap with small amounts of plastics. In the plants producing flameproofed plastics, samples of flame retardants applied in flameproofing as well as samples of flameproofed plastics were analyzed for the presence of PBDD and PBDF in addition to air samples. In the air samples the concentrations of mono- to hexabromodibenzofurans ranged from 258 to 77,414pg/m³. Most of the air samples contained PBDD and PBDF with bromine at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8. None or very low concentrations of these compounds were detected in the flame retardants and in the flameproofed plastics samples as well as in all samples that were analyzed in the scrap metal smelting plants.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, 27511 Bremerhaven, Germany, 1996, 115p. Illus. 23 ref. Index. Price: DEM 25.50.

CIS 97-248
Ausschuss für Gefahrstoffe
Safety rules for harmful substances TRGS 557: Dioxins (polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans)
Technische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 557: Dioxine (polyhalogenierte Dibenzo-p-Dioxine und Dibenzo-Furane) [in German]
The safety rules on the limitation of exposure to polyhalogenated dibenzodioxins (PHDD) and dibenzofurans (PHDF), which came into effect in Germany in early 1996, outline the conditions which favour the formation of PHDD and PHDF and the methods for quantifying exposure concentrations. Protective measures are specified. Special measures are needed in workplaces in the chemical industry, coking plants, smelting plants, foundries, fire-resistance testing stations and in crematoria, where PHDD and PHDF frequently occur.
Bundesarbeitsblatt, Mar. 1996, No.3, p.85-90. 8 ref.

CIS 97-334 Nathan P.A., Keniston R.C., Lockwood R.S., Meadows K.D.
Tobacco, caffeine, alcohol and carpal tunnel syndrome in American industry - A cross-sectional study of 1464 workers
The effects of legal drug use on the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were studied in 656 nonclaimant workers and 808 working patients with upper extremity symptoms. Greater use of tobacco combined with greater consumption of caffeinated beverages and alcohol abuse was associated with more median nerve slowing, more specific hand/wrist symptoms, and more definite CTS as confirmed by nerve conduction studies. Greater use of alcohol was associated with a reduced prevalence of symptoms. While legal drugs affect the health of the median nerve and the prevalence of CTS, their effects explain only a small portion of the total risk.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Mar. 1996, Vol.38, No.3, p.290-298. 23 ref.

CIS 96-2237 Leichnitz K.
Analysis of dangerous substances
Gefahrstoff-Analytik [in German]
Update to the loose-leaf collection of methods for monitoring compliance with exposure limits and antipollution laws, and for analysis of process gases. It includes: updated descriptions of the analytical methods of the German Research Association; German Ministry of Labour guidelines for the accreditation of analytical laboratories; new or updated Technical Rules for Dangerous Substances (TRGS) 552 (N-nitrosamines), 554 (diesel motor emissions) and 557 (dioxins); the new German Environmental Auditing Law; rules for the certification of environmental auditors; European Standard EN 1231 for detector tube equipment. Full texts of the Technical Rules are available from the publisher.
Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Str. 3, 86899 Landsberg/Lech, Germany, 37. Ergänzungslieferung, May 1996. 255p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 96-2175 McKnight R.H., Koetke C.A., Donnelly C.
Familial clusters of green tobacco sickness
Three case studies are presented of clusters of three to five members of an immediate or extended family who became ill after working together on tobacco farms in Kentucky, USA. Symptoms included vomiting, nausea, weakness, dizziness, pallor, headache and diaphoresis. Factors contributing to the clustering of green tobacco sickness in this area include the predominance of family-based work crews, manual harvesting methods involving considerable dermal contact with the tobacco plants, and the high nicotine content of the tobacco.
Journal of Agromedicine, 1996, Vol.3, No.2, p.51-59. 26 ref.

CIS 96-2165 Neuberger J.S.
Atrazine and/or triazine herbicides exposure and cancer: An epidemiologic review
Ten case studies concerning exposure to atrazines and/or triazines and cancer in occupational (agricultural) settings are summarized. Based on the limited data available, there is no convincing evidence of a causal association between atrazine and/or triazine and colon cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma or leukaemia. There is a suggestion of a possible association between these compounds and ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. While animal studies indicate that atrazine is a potential human carcinogen, current epidemiologic evidence is not conclusive.
Journal of Agromedicine, 1996, Vol.3, No.2, p.9-30. 18 ref.

CIS 96-1777 Solomon G.M., Morse E.P., Garbo M.J., Milton D.K.
Stillbirth after occupational exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone - A case report and review of the literature
A case report is presented of a pregnant laboratory technician who suffered intrauterine growth retardation and stillbirth following exposure to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Animal studies have demonstrated that this solvent is embryotoxic after maternal exposure to doses that have minimal or no adverse effect on the mother. Laboratory work and solvent exposure have both been previously associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Laboratory health policies should allow for voluntary removal of prospective parents in situations of possible exposure.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, July 1996, Vol.38, No.7, p.705-713. 58 ref.

1995

CIS 02-1556 2-Amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole
2-Amino-6-methoxybenzthiazol [in German]
There is no information on human exposure to 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole. Animal experiments show low acute toxicity upon dermal application. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects have been observed in cell tests, as well as chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange.
Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie, Postfach 10 14 80, 69004 Heidelberg, Germany, June 1995. 15p. 17 ref.

CIS 02-1555 Triethylenediamine
Triethylendiamin [in German]
Vision disturbances (corneal oedema) and breathing difficulties have been observed in workers involved in the manufacture of triethylenediamine. Animal experiments show that the substance is toxic upon oral administration, while toxicity upon acute dermal application is low.
Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie, Postfach 10 14 80, 69004 Heidelberg, Germany, June 1995. 19p. 19 ref.

CIS 99-256
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Morpholine health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the application of exposure limitation guidelines contained in Environmental Health Criteria 179 (CIS 98-828). Includes a summary of chemical safety information for workplace display. Topics: morpholine; caustic substances; conjunctivitis; containment of spills; disposal of harmful waste; fire protection; first aid; health engineering; health hazards; IPCS; irritants; legislation; necrosis; permissible levels; skin absorption; storage; toxic effects; visual function disorders.
World Health Organization (WHO), Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1995. 28p. 11 ref. Price: CHF 5.00 (CHF 3.50 in developing countries).

CIS 99-254
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Bromadiolone health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the application of exposure limitation guidelines contained in Environmental Health Criteria 175 on anticoagulant rodenticides (CIS 98-799). Includes a summary of chemical safety information for workplace display. Topics: acute poisoning; blood coagulation disorders; Bromadiolone; containment of spills; delayed effects; disposal of harmful waste; fire protection; first aid; haemorrhage; health engineering; health hazards; IPCS; legislation; permissible levels; rodenticides; skin absorption; storage; toxic effects.
World Health Organization (WHO), Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1995. 25p. Illus. 5 ref. Price: CHF 5.00 (CHF 3.50 in developing countries).

CIS 98-1412
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Warfarin - Health and safety guide
Topics: blood coagulation disorders; containment of spills; disposal of harmful waste; fire protection; first aid; health engineering; health hazards; IPCS; legislation; permissible levels; rodenticides; storage; warfarin.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1995. 24p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: CHF 5.00 (CHF 3,50 in developing countries).

CIS 97-115 Schecter A., Päpke O., Ball M., Lis A., Brandt-Rauf P.
Dioxin concentrations in the blood of workers at municipal waste incinerators
Increased concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) in pooled blood samples from workers at municipal waste incinerators have been reported. With a view to confirming these results, concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs were determined in the blood of 10 workers from an old municipal waste incinerator without adequate pollution controls, 11 workers from a newer incinerator with modern pollution controls and 25 controls from the general population group. PCDD and PCDF concentrations were determined as well in the slag and fly ash from the older incinerator. Significant increases of certain PCDDs and PCDFs were found in the blood of the workers from the older incinerator compared with the controls. The pattern of increased PCDDs and PCDFs in the blood corresponded to the pattern in the incinerator slag and ash. Modern pollution control technology in new incinerators may be able to minimize potential exposure to slag and fly ash and thus the absorption of PCDDs and PCDFs from this source.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1995, Vol.52, p.385-387. 7 ref.

CIS 96-230 Hammond S.K., Sorensen G., Youngstrom R., Ockene J.K.
Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
A survey was carried out to measure the average weekly concentration of environmental tobacco smoke in 23 worksites in Massachusetts, USA. Approximately 25 samplers were placed in each worksite for a week. Nicotine concentrations fell from a median of 8.6µg/m³ in the open offices at worksites that allowed smoking to 1.3µg/m³ in sites that restricted smoking, and to 0.3µg/m³ in worksites that banned smoking. Non-office workspaces were similarly affected. Results indicate that occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke presents a substantial risk to workers in the absence of a policy restricting or banning smoking.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 27 Sep. 1995, Vol.274, No.12, p.956-960. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 95-2186
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine)
Conclusions of this criteria document, translation of a report finalized in Aug. 1993: human exposure to cyanuric chloride causes irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Bronchial obstruction, bronchitis and bronchopneumonia are reported following inhalation of gaseous/particle-formed cyanuric chloride. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been reported after repeated exposure; an increased rate in asthmatic illnesses was observed in one cyanuric chloride processing plant. In studies on workers exposed to a mixture of cyanuric chloride and other vapours, there were subjective reports of disturbances of the central nervous system, headaches, body weakness and insomnia.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xvii, 90p. approx. 170 ref. Price: DEM 72.00.

CIS 95-2184
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Melamine. Diisopropanolamine. 1,6-Hexanediol. Tri/Dibutyl phosphate
Conclusions of these criteria documents, translation of reports finalized in June-Dec. 1992: no data are available on the acute or chronic effects of melamine in man; tests for irritating or sensitizing properties proved negative. Animal studies indicate that diisopropanolamine (1,1'-iminodi-2-propanol) is of low acute toxicity; tests on humans reveal that it does not induce allergic or photoallergic reactions. No data are available on the effects of 1,6-hexanediol in man; animal studies indicate a slight acute toxicity. Tributyl phosphate is strongly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes in man; exposure by inhalation leads to nausea and headache. The toxicological action of dibutyl phosphate is assumed to be comparable to that of tributyl phosphate.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xxvii, 197p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 96.00.

CIS 95-1803
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole
Translation of a document finalized in Oct. 1993. The only human health effects reported for 2,2'-dithio-bis-benzothiazole (dibenzothiazolyl disulfide) are positive reactions to patch tests among eczema patients.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xv, 66p. Illus. 139 ref. Price: DEM 48.00.

CIS 95-1399 Pesatori A.C.
Dioxin contamination in Seveso: The social tragedy and the scientific challenge
Paper presented at the 10th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (Como, Italy, 20-24 Sep. 1994). Essentially a literature survey, it describes the Seveso accident (10 July 1976), in which the highly toxic substance 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) was released into the environment. The immediate aftermath of the accident is surveyed. The results of subsequent exposure assessment measurements are given (the most heavily contaminated area, in the immediate vicinity of the factory where the accident occurred, had mean soil levels of TCDD ranging 15.5-580µ/m²). Human exposure and dose data near the factory are also provided. The health effects of the accidents, as shown by mortality and cancer morbidity studies, are surveyed. Finally, comments are made regarding the scientific challenge provided by the aftermath of the accident. It seems that despite the serious nature of the accident, no clear-cut conclusion can be made that TCDD exposure has produced a significant increase in cancer incidence in the Seveso area.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1995, Vol.86, No.2, p.111-124. Illus. 53 ref.

1994

CIS 07-1409
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Amitrole - Health and safety guide
This document provides practical guidance on the application of exposure limitation guidelines contained in Environmental Health Criteria 158 (see CIS 98-1402). Contents: identity and uses of amitrole (aminotriazole); human health hazards; health surveillance and first aid; safety in storage and use; environmental hazards; summary of chemical safety information for use in the workplace; current regulations and guidelines. Amitrole is a slight irritant and may cause skin sensitization; long-term inhalation exposure to spray-mist or dust may be harmful.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1994. 27p. Illus. 7 ref.
http://www.inchem.org/documents/hsg/hsg/hsg85_e.htm [in English]

CIS 99-232 Toxicological profile for chlorodibenzofurans
Topics: carcinogenic effects; chlorinated dibenzofurans; chronic bronchitis; criteria document; determination in biological matter; diarrhoea; diseases of eyes and related structures; embryotoxic effects; exposure evaluation; gastric disorders; genetic effects; glossary; haematological effects; health hazards; hepatic damage; immunotoxic effects; legislation; limitation of exposure; literature survey; loss of weight; menstrual disorders; myalgia; neurological effects; neuropsychic effects; skin eruption; toxic effects; toxicity evaluation; toxicology; USA.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, May 1994. xvii, 235p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 98-1402
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
Amitrole
Summaries in French and Spanish. Topics: agricultural chemicals; aminotriazole; carcinogenic effects; criteria document; IPCS; literature survey; thyroid disorders; toxic effects; toxicology.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1994. 123p. Illus. Approx. 270 ref. Price: CHF 21.00 (CHF 14.70 in developing countries).

CIS 97-959 Beije B., Lundberg P.
Criteria documents from the Nordic Expert Group 1994
Kriteriedokument från Nordiska Expertgruppen 1994 [in Swedish]
The Nordic Expert Group is a standing committee with the task of producing criteria documents on health effects of occupationally used chemicals. The documents are meant to be used by the regulatory authorities in the five Nordic countries as a scientific basis for the setting of national occupational exposure limits. This volume consists of translations into a Scandinavian language (Danish, Norwegian or Swedish) of the criteria documents which were published in English during 1994. The documents concern: 1,3-butadiene (CIS 97-954), cobalt and cobalt compounds (CIS 97-955), diethylamine, diethylenetriamine, dimethylamine, ethylenediamine, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, industrial enzymes (CIS 97-953), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)(CIS 97-956).
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 263p. 753 ref.

CIS 97-956 Åkesson B.
The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. 115. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
A critical survey and evaluation of the relevant literature, to be used as a basis for establishing an occupational exposure limit for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). NMP is a widely and increasingly used solvent. The toxicity of NMP is, however, not well known. The observed irritant effects on skin and eyes are those of a moderate to severe irritant. Subchronic exposure to NMP may cause degenerative tissue changes and affect the respiratory, haemopoietic and lymphoid system. Lethargy and irregular respiration observed after both inhalation and oral administration may be due to a neurotoxic effect. NMP seems to be a weak mutagen. For evaluation of the carcinogenic potential, further data are needed. Reproductive toxicity studies in rabbits, rats and mice show developmental toxicity at doses causing no or mild maternal toxicity. Prenatal exposure to NMP may cause postnatal neurobehavioural effects in rats. The critical effect of NMP in occupational exposure is irritation of the eyes and skin. Another critical effect of NMP may be its enhancing effect on skin penetration by other compounds.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1994. 24p. 55 ref.

CIS 97-568 Maroni M., Bersani M.
The role of biotransformation in assessing the toxicological risk from pesticides
Ruolo della biotrasformazione nella valutazione del rischio tossicologico da pesticidi [in Italian]
The knowledge of metabolic processes and the measurement of metabolites of pesticides are fundamental for the evaluation of their toxic effects and of their persistence in the environment and biological tissues. In this review atrazine is discussed as an example of an environmental pollutant undergoing biotransformation processes.
Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1994, Vol.85, No.1, p.49-54. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 96-1425 Schecter A.
Dioxins and health
This manual comprises contributions from specialists in various disciplines on recent research into dioxins and related compounds. Contents include: an overview of the effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds; methods of risk assessment; environmental sources, distribution and fate; dioxins in food; toxicology; pharmacokinetics; immunotoxic effects; species comparison of dose-response effects and implications for risk assessment; developmental and reproductive toxicity; aquatic toxicity; mammalian carcinogenesis; neurochemical and behavioural effects; exposure assessment and measurement in human tissues; human health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls; cancer epidemiology; reproductive epidemiology of dioxins; health effects of the Seveso accident and other incidents.
Plenum Publishing Corporation, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA, 1994. xxii, 710p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Index. Price: USD 125.00 USA and Canada; USD 150.00 elsewhere.

CIS 95-2139 Jung D., Konietzko J., Reill-Konietzko G., Muttray A., Zimmermann-Hölz H.J., Doss M., Beck H., Edler L., Kopp-Schneider A.
Porphyrin studies in TCDD-exposed workers
2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity resulting in chronic hepatic porphyria. From a cross-sectional study of 170 workers in the chemical industry 68 showed elevated coproporphyrin levels, interpreted as secondary coproporphyrinuria. Three persons suffered from chronic hepatic porphyria in subclinical stages. None of the workers showed an overt porphyria cutanea tarda. A low-grade zinc protoporphyrinaemia was observed in three persons. Forty-three of the 170 workers were evaluable for investigating the effect of TCDD on porphyrin levels. No significant correlation was found between TCDD concentration in adipose tissue and the level of uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin. The influence of a chloracne history is described.
Archives of Toxicology, 1994, Vol.68, No.9, p.595-598. 18 ref.

CIS 95-1433 Ensslin A.S., Stoll Y., Pethran A., Pfaller A., Römmelt H., Fruhmann G.
Biological monitoring of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine of hospital personnel occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs
The occupational exposure of 21 nurses and pharmacy personnel from eight hospitals to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide was determined by quantifying the amount of the drugs handled and by measuring the urinary excretion of the unmetabolized substances. Twenty-four hour urine was collected on days when cyclophosphamide and/or ifosfamide were mixed, on average 3,900mg cyclophosphamide and/or 5,900 mg ifosfamide. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography with electron capture, detection limit 2.5µg/24-h urine. Based on an excretion rate of 11.3% unmetabolized cyclophosphamide, the average amount excreted corresponded to an uptake of 101µg cyclophosphamide. For ifosfamide the mean quantity incorporated was 20µg assuming that 45% of the drug was excreted. Despite time-consuming purification procedures, gas chromatographic analysis is a suitable method for monitoring personnel occupationally exposed to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide and is a major contribution to the evaluation of potential health risks of exposed personnel.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Apr. 1994, Vol.51, No.4, p.229-233. 31 ref.

CIS 95-1010 Nielsen H.
Occupational exposure to isothiazolinones. A study based on a product register
The Danish Product Register (PROBAS) was searched in order to survey occupational exposure to isothiazolinones. Mixtures of 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and its 5-chloro derivative (MI/MCI) were registered in 550 products; 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) in 156 products; and 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in 16 products. Main product categories were paints, hair shampoos, skin care products, cleaning agents and polishes. While the dermatological literature has often focused on isothiazolinones in cosmetics as a source of allergy, the present study shows that attention should also be paid to occupational exposure, as isothiazolinones also occur in many industrial product categories.
Contact Dermatitis, July 1994, Vol.31, No.1, p.18-21. 16 ref.

CIS 95-1008 Houeto P., Chabaux C., Levillain P., Fournier P.E.
Cutaneous reactions due to pyridinecarboxaldehyde, thiophenecarboxaldehyde - Isomerism
Réactions cutanées aux pyridinecarbaldéhydes et thiophènecarbaldéhydes - Notion d'isomérie [in French]
A 27-year-old woman who underwent skin exposure to pyridinecarboxaldehyde and thiophenecarboxaldehyde at the workplace. In patch tests, 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde produced urticaria whereas 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde isomer induced eczema and no reaction was observed with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. Patch tests made with thiophenecarboxaldehyde showed that the patient was sensitive to 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, which induced irritant erythema whereas there was no reaction with its isomer 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde. Thus, depending on the position of the carbonyl carbon on the pyridine (ortho, meta or para) or thiophene ring, different reactions can occur.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.6, p.467-469. Illus. 16 ref.

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