Amides - 479 entries found

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1978

CIS 78-1667 Stein H.P., Bahlman L.J., Leidel N.A., Parker J.C., Thomas A.W., Millar J.D.
Ethylene thiourea.
Published as NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin No.22, this warning notice refers to recent NIOSH research from which it appears that exposure to ethylene thiourea might involve a teratogenic hazard, particularly to the central nervous system, which is greater than has been generally recognised. Background details are given together with results of studies. The NIOSH recommendation is reproduced with suggested guidelines for limiting exposure (monitoring, substitution, contaminant controls, protective equipment, isolation of employees).
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.78-144, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, 11 Apr. 1978. 7p. Akron, USA, June 1978, Vol.39, No.6, p.A-34, A-36, A-38. 6 ref.

CIS 78-1357 NIOSH current intelligence bulletin reprints - Bulletins 1 thru 18.
These reprints include the initial notification of the hazards presented, the background (studies, toxicity in animals and humans, workers and industries subject to exposure, supplier and users of the substances) and bibliographies. Studies in progress are mentioned and recommendations are given for chloroprene, trichloroethylene, ethylene dibromide, chrome pigments, asbestos, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, polychlorinated biphenyls, 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane, chloroform, radon daughters, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, diethylcarbamoyl chloride, explosive azides, inorganic arsenic, nitrosamines in cutting fluids, metabolic precursors of 2-naphthylamine, 2-nitropropane, acrylonitrile.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.78-127, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, 1 Mar. 1978. 125p. 104 ref.

CIS 78-1344 Krivanek N.D., McLaughlin M., Fayerweather W.E.
Monomethylformamide levels in human urine after repetitive exposure to dimethylformamide vapor.
8 healthy men were exposed to 8.8ppm dimethylformamide (DMF) vapour for 6h over 5 days. Monomethylformamide (MMF) was rapidly excreted in the urine, with a peak a few hours after each exposure period. MMF excretion did not increase as a result of repetitive exposure. There was a correlation between DMF exposure and urinary MMF, and the best index of DMF exposure was the total urinary MMF excreted in 24h.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1978, Vol.20, No.3, p.179-182. 9 ref.

CIS 78-1325 McLean J.D., Mann J.R., Jacoby J.A.
A monitoring method for the determination of acrylamide in an industrial environment.
Airborne acrylamide vapour and dust can be efficiently collected by transferring air through an impinger containing water. The quantity of acrylamide in impingers is determined by differential pulse polarography with a sensitivity of 0.5µg/ml acrylamide and a relative standard deviation of 3.7%. Sensitivity is adequate to detect the current TLV (0.3mg/m³) for acrylamide using ordinary flow rates and sample times of 15min. Contamination of surfaces is measured by wiping the surfaces with moistened filter paper, which is then analysed in the same way.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1978, Vol.39, No.3, p.247-250. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 78-1071 Cavalleri A., Polatti F., Bolis P.F.
Acute effects of tetraethylthiuram disulfide on serum levels of hypophyseal hormones in humans.
9 male and 7 female volunteers were given 1.0g tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) orally. Immediately after the TETD administration, serum thyrotropin (ST) level sharply decreased and reached the lowest point at the 24th hour. Prolactin appeared to decrease, but it reached the initial level at the 24th hour. A lower decrease was evidenced for the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), statistically significant only for males, and for the luteinising hormone (LH) of females. Since dopamine decreases the release of ST and prolactin and also since the secretion of the LH and the FSH is regulated by monoamines of the central nervous system, the findings may be related to disturbances in catecholamine metabolism induced by TETD and CS₂ and they may be explained by an increase in dopamine in the central nervous system and by the concomitant decrease of norepinephrine as a consequence of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase blockade. These data may also confirm the reduced thyroid activity of workers exposed to CS₂; the origin of the reduced activity seems related to a central involvement of catecholamine metabolism, which would influence the activity of target glands through hypothalamic-releasing factors and the hypophyseal hormones.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Mar. 1978, Vol.4, No.1, p.66-72. Illus. 28 ref.

1977

CIS 78-1603 Pan'šina T.N.
Establishment of maximum admissible concentrations and indicative tolerable limits for herbicides based on halogenated anilides of carboxylic acids
Ustanovlenie predel'no dopustimyh koncentracij i orientirovočnyh bezopasnyh urovnej vozdejstvija gerbicidov galoidzameščennyh anilidov karbonovyh kislot v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Results of animal experiments with various herbicides used in agriculture. Maximum admissible concentrations were 0.1mg/m³ for propanide (Stam F34); 0.5mg/m³ for Ramrod; and 1mg/m³ for Solan. Indicative tolerable limits were 0.1mg/m³ for Dicryl; 0.3mg/m³ for SR 52223; 0.5mg/m³ for Suffix; and 0.5mg/m³ for Lasso.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1977, No.12, p.30-33. 8 ref.

CIS 78-1047 Vasilenko N.M., Najmanova R.M., Baturina T.S., Prasol S.D., Kol'cov V.A., Oksenjuk I.M.
Data for establishing an exposure limit for phenacetin dust in the working area atmosphere
Materialy po obosnovaniju PDK pyli fenacetina v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Results of animal experiments on the acute and chronic toxicity of respirable dust of the antipyretic agent phenacetin. This drug showed low toxicity at acute levels; long-term exposure produced habituation. Acute and chronic toxicity levels were 24 and 2mg/m³ respirable dust respectively. An exposure limit of 0.5mg/m³ is recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1977, No.9, p.53-55. 20 ref.

CIS 78-769 Kopecký J., Šmejkal J., Krivucová M.
Toxicity of calcium salts of 2-dithiocarbamoylcarboxylic acids
Toxicita vápenatých solí některých 2-dithiokarbaminokarboxylových kyselin [in Czech]
Carbon disulfide reacts with amino acids in the body to produce toxic dithiocarbamoylcarboxylic acids. In these animal studies on the metabolism and toxic effects of carbon disulfide, calcium dithiocarbamate derivatives of glycine, DL- and L-alanine, DL- and L-glutamic acid, L-tryptophan, and DL- and L-methionine were prepared. The intravenous LD₅₀ of these salts and of carbon disulfide was determined. The toxicity of the salts was higher than that of carbon disulfide. Toxicity was inversely proportional to the molecular weight: thus calcium dithiocarbamoylacetate was about 6 times more toxic than carbon disulfide. The calcium salts were generally slightly less toxic when formed from L- than from DL-amino acids.
Pracovní lékařství, Mar. 1977, Vol.29, No.3, p.85-88. 22 ref.

CIS 78-486 Mapp C., Mazzotta M., Bartolucci G.B., Fabbri L.
Acrylamide neuropathy: First cases in Italy
La neuropatia da acrilamide: Prime osservazioni in Italia [in Italian]
After a review of the toxicology and a brief account of the polymerisation process, 5 cases are described which occurred after contact with acrylamide monomer for 1-3 months in road tunnelling. Routes of absorption were above all the skin, and inhalation and ingestion. Erythema, peeling of the skin of the palms and peripheral neuropathy occurred in all cases. One case was characterised by central nervous lesions, with severe peripheral neuropathy and EEG disturbances. The importance of periodic EMG and neurological examinations, and of worker education, is stressed.
Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1977, Vol.68, No.1, p.1-12. 24 ref.

CIS 78-444 Bajnova A., Burkova T., Mihajlova A.
Determination of percutaneous toxicity of the herbicide Ramrod
Opredeljane na dermalnata toksičnost na Ramroda [in Bulgarian]
Studies in white rats to assess skin absorption and local irritant action of Ramrod. There is no poisoning hazard via the skin provided that basic hygiene precautions are taken during use. Massive application (50 to 500mg/kg) produced liver function disorders after 90 and 21 days, respectively. The threshold dose for chronic exposure was 25mg/kg. The concentrations of Ramrod present in solutions prepared ready for application (0.5-1%) have no toxic effects.
Higiena i zdraveopazvane, May 1977, Vol.20, No.3, p.234-240. Illus. 22 ref.

CIS 78-319 The explosion at the Dow chemical factory, King's Lynn - 27 June 1976.
H.M. Factory Inspectorate report on this explosion due to the detonation of zoalene (3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide) - a poultry feed additive - by self-accelerating decomposition on being left in a closed dryer vessel for 27h after the drying process had been completed. The report considers: site of the plant; zoalene production process and technical data on the compound; the explosion (one fatality, material damage); diagram showing spread of projectiles; explosive potential of zoalene; safety organisation; action taken following the incident, etc.
Health and Safety Executive, London. H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom, Mar. 1977. 19p. Illus. Price: £1.00.

CIS 78-407 Sivkova R.I., Voronina L.V.
Spectrophotometric determination of O-isopropyl N-methylthiocarbamate in air
Spektrofotometričeskij metod opredelenija N-metil-O-izopropiltiokarbamata v vozduhe [in Russian]
Description of the method. The reagent is used for flotation of iron ore. The sample is dissolved in ethyl alcohol, and the optical density measured at 243nm (1cm cell), the absorption maximum of O-isopropyl N-methylthiocarbamate in ethanol. Sensitivity of the method is 1.4µg/3.5ml.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1977, No.2, p.51-52. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 78-177 Bolck F., Ziegler V., Sieler H.
Bleaching of hair by carbamide perhydrate.
Bleaching of all body hair occurred in 3 workers engaged in manufacture and packing of powdered carbamide perhydrate (urea hydrogen peroxide), and of exposed hair in 17 workers from neighbouring departments. Examinations of the affected hair are reported and the mechanism of action discussed.
Contact Dermatitis, Aug. 1977, Vol.3, No.4, p.214-215. 4 ref.

CIS 78-164 Zaninović M.
Agranulocytosis following use of insecticides
Agranulocitoza kao posljedica upotrebe insekticida [in Serbocroatian]
A case of agranulocytosis due to exposure to malathion, carbaryl, dimethoate and other insecticides, which are known to have a rare haematotoxic effect, is described. Results of haematological examinations on admission to hospital and 5 and 10 days later are given.
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 1977, Vol.28, No.1, p.43-47. 7 ref.

CIS 77-1357 Hanasono G.K., Fuller R.W., Broddle W.D., Gibson W.R.
Studies on the effects of N,N-dimethylformamide on ethanol disposition and on monoamine oxidase activity in rats.
Oral administration or inhalation of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) prior to ethanol treatment of rats caused marked alterations in blood ethanol and/or acetaldehyde concentrations. The changes depended on the DMF dose and on the DMF-ethanol time interval. The acetaldehyde accumulation may be a factor in the intolerance to alcoholic beverages experienced by humans after a DMF exposure. Presumably, the blood concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethanol are due to interferences in the ethanol metabolism. Monoamine oxidase activity in brain or liver of the rats was not affected by DMF.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Mar. 1977, Vol.39, No.3, p.461-472. Illus. 16 ref.

1976

CIS 77-2003 Pilinskaja M.A.
Genetic hazards in manufacture of the fungicide zineb
O genetičeskoj opasnosti fungicida cineba v proizvostvennyh uslovijah [in Russian]
Results of cytogenetic studies of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 24 chemical workers exposed to zineb and 10 controls. There was a definite excess of chromosome aberrations in the exposed group, with an average of 5.5%. No relation between duration of exposure and cytogenic effect was noted.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Dec. 1976, No.12, p.26-29. 9 ref.

CIS 77-1926 Stepančenko N.G.
Determination of the herbicide Asulam in air by thin-layer chromatography
Opredelenie asulama v vozduhe metodom hromatografii v tonkom sloe [in Russian]
Description of studies of the chromatographic behaviour of Asulam (methyl N-(4-aminobenzenesulfonyl)carbamate). A colour reaction was obtained with ammoniated silver, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and potassium permanganate, or by azo coupling of the decomposition products of Asulam with α-naphthol. The minimum quantity of Asulam detectable by chromatography is 3-10µg. Data on microdetermination of Asulam in air.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Nov. 1976, No.11, p.82-84. 2 ref.

CIS 77-1689 Ribarova F., Vasileva L.
Changes in enzyme activity in rats due to acute poisoning with Unden
Promeni v aktivnostta na njakoi enzimi u plăhove pri ostra intoksikacija s Unden [in Bulgarian]
Results of 2 series of experiments on white rats. Subacute exposure for 4 days (doses: 1/20 and 1/4 of LD₅₀) provoked a marked increase in glutamicpyruvic(GP)-transaminase, with lowered lactic dehydrogenase activity. Chronic exposure (up to 90 days) brought about changes in some liver dehydrogenase activities, which rose during the first days of exposure, then fell and returned to normal after 15 days' recovery following exposure. The most noticeable changes were observed in succinic dehydrogenase.
Problemi na higienata, Dec. 1976, No.2, p.51-60. Illus. 19 ref.

CIS 77-1688 Burkova T., Bajnova A., Ivanova L.
Anatomo-pathological and enzymo-histological changes in white rats following long-term continuous and intermittent exposure to Pyrimor pesticide
Patologoanatomični i enzimohistohimični promeni v organizma na beli plăhove pri hronična intermitirašta intoksikacija s pesticida Pirimor [in Bulgarian]
Prolonged use of certain pesticides gives rise to resistant pest species, so they have to be used intermittently. The authors observed certain differences in the severity of pathological disturbances due to a new pesticide, Pyrimor, depending on whether it was used continuously or intermittently on crops. Pyrimor is a carbamate widely used in agriculture. The results of morphological and histochemical examinations of the principal parenchymatous organs of animals to which Pyrimor was administered showed marked deviations between the effects of continuous and of intermittent exposure. A twofold dose administered at weekly intervals per os caused less damage than a single daily dose per os. Non-intermittent application of the same pesticide would therefore appear to increase the hazard of health damage to farm workers.
Problemi na higienata, Dec. 1976, No.2, p.45-50. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 77-1325 Ahlberg K.
Slime control agents: Carcinogenic and teratogenic hazards
Slembekämpningsmedel: Risk för cancer och fosterskador [in Swedish]
The paper industry uses slime control agents on a large scale. These agents (generally thiocarbamates in solvents such as dimethylformamide), which act against microorganisms and thus prevent formation of slimy plugs or deterioration of the paper, are present in the water vapour released by the paper during manufacture. Swedish research has found ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) to be carcinogenic and teratogenic, and dimethylformamide teratogenic. Pregnant women should thus not be exposed. Appendices: list of compounds used as slime control agents and their solvents, with the associated health hazards.
Arbetsmiljö, 1976, No.11, p.11-13. Illus.

CIS 77-1096 Matsushita T., Arimatsu Y., Nomura S.
Experimental study on contact dermatitis caused by dithiocarbamates maneb, mancozeb, zineb, and their related compounds.
This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of contact dermatitis due to these dithiocarbamate fungicides. The guinea-pig maximisation test yielded extreme to strong allergenicity for these substances and lime-sulfur mixture. Cross sensitisation between them was extreme.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 5 July 1976, Vol.37, No.3, p.169-178. 30 ref.

CIS 77-742 Bošković B., Vojvodić B., Maksimović M., Granov A., Besarović-Lazarev S., Binenfeld Z.
Effect of mono- and bis-quaternary pyridinium oximes on the acute toxicity and on the serum cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dioxacarb, carbaryl and carbofuran.
The acute toxicities of the three insecticidal carbamates were determined in mice and the effects of atropine, older oximes (PAM, TMB-4, toxogonin), and newer oximes (HS-3, HS-6, HS-7, and "XIII") were measured separately as antidotes. Atropine increased the LD₅₀ for the insecticides; the value for carbofuran quadrupled. All the oximes increased carbaryl toxicity, but some were effective in decreasing the toxicity of dioxacarb and carbofuran. The oximes increased the anti-serum cholinesterase activity of the carbamates; this may explain the in vivo effects of the oximes. Atropine is the choice of antidote for poisoning by these insecticides and therapy with the oximes is contraindicated.
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 1976, Vol.27, No.4, p.289-295. 9 ref.

CIS 77-736 Kimmerle G., Iyatomi A.
Toxicity of propoxur to rats by subacute inhalation.
Exposure to 31.7mg/m³ propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) in rats for 12 weeks caused a 20-30% reduction in plasma, erythrocyte and brain cholinesterase activity, without symptoms. A maximum permissible concentration of 2.5mg/m³ is proposed.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, 1976, Vol.18, No.4, p.375-382. 20 ref.

CIS 77-726 Blase B.W., Loomis T.A.
The uptake and metabolism of carbaryl by isolated perfused rabbit lung.
Uptake of carbaryl from the perfusate into the lungs was by simple diffusion. 26% of the dose was taken up in 15 min. Ouabain had no significant effect on uptake or metabolism. Changing the perfusion flow rate significantly influenced carbaryl uptake. High-pressure liquid chromatography for metabolites yielded 4-hydroxycarbaryl and α-naphthol, and a number of unidentified peaks. The lungs are able to take up and metabolise significant quantities of carbaryl.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Sep. 1976, Vol.37, No.3, p.481-490. 16 ref.

CIS 77-702 Carcinogenic potential of DMCC.
Brief note following the report by the Institute of Environmental Medicine at New York University Medical Center to NIOSH of a study in which rats exposed to inhalation of 1ppm dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (DMCC) developed squamous cell carcinomas of the nose within 200 days, suggesting a potentially serious hazard for exposed workers. Known uses (chiefly in pharmaceutical manufacture); names of producers; number of persons occupationally exposed (<200); acute toxic effects.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, June 1976, Vol.37, No.6, p.370-371.

CIS 77-480 Propoxur.
Propoxur. [in French]
Contents: synonyms; selected physical properties; agriculture, horticulture and forestry uses and unintended effects on crops; public health and household use; mammalian, human and non-mammalian toxicology; LD₅₀; recommendations: restrictions on availability; transportation and storage; handling; disposal and/or decontamination of containers; selection, training and medical supervision of workers; additional recommendations if distributed by aircraft; labelling; residues in food; precautions in use (mixers and applicators, other workers); decontamination of spillage; emergency aid; medical diagnosis and treatment in case of poisoning; surveillance tests; laboratory methods of detection and analysis and in case of poisoning.
Data sheet on pesticides No.25, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Roma, Italy, Dec. 1976. 11p. 7 ref.

CIS 77-447 Pedersen N.B., Fregert S.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from chloracetamide in glue.
Short communication of case reports of 2 housepainters with dermatitis of the hands. Both had positive reactions to chloroacetamide and formaldehyde used as an antibacterial preservative in glue.
Contact Dermatitis, Apr. 1976, Vol.2, No.2, p.122-123. 5 ref.

CIS 77-511 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to carbaryl.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of adverse effects of carbaryl on the health of workers. The time-weighted average exposure (10h work shift) should not exceed 5mg/m³ over a 40h week. Other recomendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protective equipment, information of employees, work practices, and monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are basd are discussed under the following heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data and biological evaluation; development of a standard; research needs. Procedures for sampling and analysis of the compound are described in detail and useful additional information is given in appendices.
DHEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-107, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Sep. 1976. 192p. Illus. 162 ref.

CIS 77-440 Criteria for a recommended standard - Occupational exposure to acrylamide.
Recommendations are made for the prevention of adverse effects of acrylamide on the health of workers. The time-weighted average is 0.3mg/m³ for up to a 10-h work shift, 40-h week. Other recommendations relate to medical supervision, labelling, personal protective equipment, information of employees, work practices, and monitoring and record keeping. The criteria on which the recommendations are based are discussed under the following heads: biological effects of exposure; environmental data and biological evaluation; development of a standard; research needs. Procedures for sampling and analysis of the compound are described in detail and useful additional information is given in appendices.
HEW Publication No.(NIOSH)77-112, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Oct. 1976. 127p. 78 ref.

CIS 77-414 Bates R.R., Boyland E., Van Esch G.J., Hathway D.E., Lijinsky W., Mohr U., Murphy S.D., Okulov V.B., Ramel C., Teichman B., Terracini B.
Some carbamates, thiocarbamates and carbazides.
A series of 24 monographs consisting of data reviewed and evaluated by an international group of experts (Lyon, 9-15 June 1976). Individual monographs are devoted to: carbaryl; chloropropham; diallate; dimethylcarbamoyl chloride; disulfiram; dulcin; ethyl selenac; ethyl tellurac; ferbam; ledate; maneb; methyl carbamate; methyl selenac; monuron; phenicarbazide; potassium bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate; propham; n-propyl carbamate; semicarbazide (hydrochloride); sodium diethyldithiocarbamate; thiram; zectran; zineb; ziram. Supplementary corrigenda and a substance cumulative index to IARC monographs (Volumes 1-12) are appended.
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man, Vol.12. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 2, France, 1976. 282p. Illus. 775 ref. Price: SF.34.00.

CIS 76-1891 Ruzicska P., Péter S., Laczi J., Czeizel E.
Study on chromosomal mutagenicity of Fundazol 50 WP
A Fundazol 50 WP kromoszóma mutagenitásának vizsgálata [in Hungarian]
The mutagenic effects of Fundazol 50 WP (methyl 1-butylcarbamoyl-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) were studied in vivo and in vitro. The peripheral blood of workers producing the fungicide was analysed to determine exposure; there was no mutagenesis. While there was no effect on mature rats, doses of 200 and 500mg/kg/day had considerable mutagenic effects on foetal rat tissue.
Egészségtudomány, 1976, Vol.20, No.1, p.74-83. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 76-1050 Eben A., Kimmerle G.
Metabolism studies in N,N-dimethylformamide - III. Studies about the influence of ethanol in persons and laboratory animals.
Some industrial physicians have pointed out that in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) the intake of ethanol can produce symptoms similar to those caused by Antabuse (disulfiram). Because no information is available concerning the levels of DMF and ethanol involved, inhalation studies were carried out in animals and man with known concentrations. In general, a reciprocal inhibition of the metabolism of DMF and ethanol was found. After exposure and previous administration of ethanol in man no increase in the blood DMF level was found. The blood N-methylformamide concentration was however comparatively lower. The mechanism underlying the inhibition of DMF metabolism is discussed together with findings of other authors.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 9 Mar. 1976, Vol.36, No.4, p.243-265. 23 ref.

CIS 76-1024 Morel C., Cavigneaux A., Protois J.C.
Fiche toxicologique n°119, French National Research and Safety Institute (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité), 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14.
Acrylamide
Acrylamide. [in French]
Uses, physical and chemical properties, methods of detection and determination in air, pathology and toxicology. French occupational safety and health and transport regulations in force. Technical (storage, ventilation, personal protection) and medical recommendations.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st quarter 1976, No.82, Note No.1003-82-76, p.151-153. 15 ref.

1975

CIS 77-1698 Carbaryl.
Carbaryl. [in French]
Synonyms; physical properties; uses as insecticide in agriculture and forestry, and unintended effects; public health programmes; mammalian, human and non-mammalian toxicology; restrictions on availability; transportation, storage and handling; disposal and/or decontamination of containers; selection, training and medical supervision of workers; distribution by aircraft; labelling; residues in food; precautions in use (threshold limit value, mixers and applicators, other workers associated in handling the pesticide); entry of persons into treated areas; safety disposal and decontamination of containers and removal of spillage; emergency aid; medical diagnosis and treatment of poisoning; surveillance tests; laboratory methods for detection and assay, and in case of poisoning.
Data sheets on pesticides No.3, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland, and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Roma, Italy, Jan. 1975. 13p. 6 ref.

CIS 77-126 Babina M.D.
Determination of alkyl carbamates in air
Opredelenie alkilkarbamatov v vozduhe [in Russian]
Brief description of some of the basic principles of methods developed for determination of concentrations of alkyl carbamates (methyl and ethyl carbamates): hydrolysis of samples with formation of ammonia and determination by photocolorimetry; sampling of vapours on filter paper, elution with water and determination by spectrophotometry.
Gigiena i sanitarija, July 1975, No.7, p.76-77. 2 ref.

CIS 76-1939 Kaskevič L.M.
Use of liver rheography in diagnosing liver damage due to poisoning in persons occupationally exposed to tetramethylthiuram disulfide
Primenenie reogepatografii v diagnostike toksiko-himičeskih poraženij pečeni u lic, rabotajuščih s tetrametiltiuramdisul'fidom [in Russian]
Article describing experience acquired in the use of rheography for diagnosis of liver damage due to occupational exposure to tetramethylthiuram disulfide (a vulcanisation accelerator). Most of these cases show considerable congestion of hepatic blood flow. Rheographic changes are very pronounced in persons with clinical symptoms of toxic hepatitis and cholecystitis. Any reduction in the ratio between the duration of the systolic and diastolic waves, observed in the case of severe liver or biliary tract diseases, is a sign of significant changes in the liver parenchyma and blood vessels. As blood flow changes are discernible even in cases where there are no clinical symptoms or positive laboratory tests, liver rheography seems indicated for early diagnosis of toxic liver damage.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1975, No.6, p.16-19. 14 ref.

CIS 76-1666 Mirkova E.
Effects of the herbicide Ramrod on embryogenesis in white rats
Văzdejstvie na herbicida ramrod vărhu embriogenezata na beli plăhove [in Bulgarian]
The acetamide Ramrod (1/5, 1/10, 1/20 and 1/40 of the LD₅₀) was administered to 100 female rats during gestation. Embryonic mortality was increased, while foetal bodyweight and head-tail length were reduced. 1/40 of the LD₅₀ had no effect on embryogenesis, while 1/5 and 1/10 had slight teratogenic effects.
Problemi na higienata, 1975, Vol.1, No.1, p.57-60. 7 ref.

CIS 76-1664 Ivanova-Čemišanska L., Vălčeva V., Čakărov E., Načev Č., Takeva C.
Gonadal and reproductive changes in white rats after oral intoxication with maneb
Promeni v gonadite i v sposobnostta za reprodukcija na beli plăhove sled oralna intoksikacija s maneb [in Bulgarian]
Administration of 1/10, 1/50, 1/100 and 1/500 of the DL₅₀ twice weekly to rats produced biochemical and histological changes in the gonads and loss of reproductive power (fertility, gestation, survival of offspring, lactation). These effects were also seen in the 2 next generations.
Problemi na higienata, 1975, Vol.1, No.1, p.25-30. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 76-1646 Matsumura Y., Arito H.
Toxic volatile components of organic soil consolidating agents.
Soil consolidating agents such as polyacrylamide, urea-formaldehyde and other synthetic resinous gels are used in construction work to stop permeation of underground water. Samples of the monomers and polymers were analysied by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Acrylamide monomer contained up to 0.3mg/ml acrylonitrile, and up to 4,440mg/m³ was given off into the air after polymerisation. Before gelation, urea formaldehyde condensate solution contained up to 192mg/ml formaldehyde, up to 20.6mg/ml formic acid, and traces of formaldehyde polymers and another compound of higher molecular weight. After gelation, traces of ammonia, up to 14,900mg/m³ formaldehyde, up to 96mg/m³ formic acid and up to 1,800mg/m³ formaldehyde polymers evaporated into the air. Differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetry showed the gels to undergo dehydration at 80-180°C and thermal decomposition at 500-600°C.
Industrial Health, Sep. 1975, Vol.13, No.3, p.135-149. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 76-1354 Ghawabi S.H., Ibrahim G.A., El Enany F.F., Soliman S.M., Youssef F.L., El Saharti A.A.
Urea formaldehyde exposure. Environmental, clinical, haematological and spirometric study.
After a brief account of urea formaldehyde production, this article reports on studies in all 37 workers of a plant and in a control group. Air concentrations of formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde at various locations of the factory are given: almost all greatly exceeded the TLV of 5ppm. Details are given of symptoms found, results of patch tests with the 2 chemicals, blood picture, and lung function tests. A statistically significant increase in the lymphocyte count and a significant decrease in forced expiratory volume after the work shift were noted in the exposed group.
Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 1975, Vol.2, No.2, p.75-86. 24 ref.

CIS 76-1311 Kimmerle G., Machemer L.
Studies with N,N-dimethylformamide for embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on rats after dynamic inhalation.
Rats were exposed to 18ppm (MAC 20ppm) and 172ppm dimethylformamide (DMF) from the 6th to the 15th day of gestation. Apart from the reduced weight of foetuses after the 172ppm exposure, all other parameters were within the normal range. Inhalation of DMF in concentrations of up to approximately 10 times the MAC had no teratogenic effect.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 2 May 1975, Vol.34, No.3, p.167-175. 14 ref.

CIS 76-503 Proctor N.H., Casida J.E.
Organophosphorus and methylcarbamate insecticide teratogenesis: Diminished NAD in chicken embryos.
Studies with 36 organophosphorus and 12 methylcarbamate compounds establish a correlation between reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels and severity of teratogenic signs in chicken embryos, a relation supported by reversal of these effects by nicotinamide derivatives. Diminished NAD occurring at organophosphorus and methylcarbamate concentrations as low as 0.6 to 2.0ppm in the egg constitutes a newly recognised biochemical lesion induced by the two most important classes of insecticide chemicals.
Science, 7 Nov. 1975, Vol.190, No.4214, p.580-582. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 76-462 Captan.
Captane. [in French]
Contents of this data sheet: synonyms; selected physical properties; agriculture, horticulture and forestry uses as fungicide and unintended effects on fruit; mammalian, human, and non-mammalian toxicology; LD₅₀; recommendations: restrictions on availability; transportation and storage; handling; disposal and/or decontamination of containers; selection, training and medical supervision of workers; labelling; precautions in use (avoid mouth and eye contact, personal protective equipment of mixers and applicators); decontamination of spillage and containers; emergency aid; medical diagnosis and treatment of poisoning; and laboratory methods for detection and analysis.
Data sheets on pesticides No.9, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland, and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Roma, Italy, June 1975. 9p. 5 ref.

CIS 76-423 Maxfield M.E., Barnes J.R., Azar A., Trochimowicz H.T.
Urinary excretion of metabolite following experimental human exposures to DMF or to DMAC.
Investigations in 4 men of a method of evaluating total exposure (inhalation of vapour and skin absorption) to dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide based on urinary excretion of the corresponding monomethyl metabolite, determined by gas chromatography. The time courses of metabolite excretion obtained are shown. Individual variation in metabolite excretion is marked. The amount of metabolite in isolated urine specimens may serve to monitor overexposure to the dimethylamides. The time of day at which sampling is effected is an important variable in the interpretation of results.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Aug. 1975, Vol.17, No.8, p.506-511. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 75-1667 Wogan G.N., Mirvish S.S., Fiddler W., Shank R.C., Weisburger J.H., Raineri R., Tannenbaum S.R.
Nitrosamines and nitrosamides: Environmental occurrence and toxicological significance.
Papers read at a Symposium organised jointly by the American Society of Toxicology and the American Environmental Mutagen Society held in Washington, D.C., USA, on 11 Mar. 1973. Subjects covered: formation of N-nitroso compounds (chemistry, kinetics and in vivo occurrence); the occurrence and determination of N-nitroso compounds; toxicology of N-nitroso compounds; assessment of human exposure and response to N-nitroso compounds: a new view on the aetiology of digestive tract cancers; and environmental N-nitroso compounds: implications for public health.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Mar. 1975, Vol.31, No.3, p.323-383. Illus. 311 ref.

CIS 75-1429 Takahashi M., Inokuchi K., Kasakawa H., Wakai S., Kimura M.
Experimental studies on the effects of zineb and captan sprayed on rabbits in PVC-covered greenhouses.
Animal experiments were conducted in rabbits to study the toxicity of the pesticides zineb (zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate) and captan ((N-trichloromethylthio)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxyimide) over a period of 3 months. 4 groups of 7 rabbits were kept in PVC-covered greenhouses in which one of these compounds was sprayed for 30min once or twice a week. At the time of spraying, the zineb and captan concentrations in the greenhouse air were 0.35mg/m³ and 0.20mg/m³ respectively. Although no distinct abnormalities were found in the blood and urine of the animals exposed to captan, histopathological examinations showed significant infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and histiocytes in the lung interalveolar tissue, and eye and skin inflammation also occurred. No such abnormalities were seen in the group exposed to zineb.
Japanese Journal of Agricultural Medicine, Dec. 1974, Vol.23, No.4, p.522-528. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 75-1358 Eben A.
Metabolism studies of N,N-dimethylformamide.
Part I of the report is devoted to N,N-dimethylformamide acute, subacute and subchronic inhalation studies in rats and dogs (concentrations ranging from 20 to 2000ppm). In addition to the known N-methylformamide (MF), a further metabolite, formamide (F), was found in the urine of rats and dogs. Besides the elimination of unaltered dimethylformamide, an accumulation of MF was observed in the blood and urine of dogs exposed to 59ppm, but no signs of accumulation were found in the MAC range (20ppm). Part II describes the results of acute N,N-dimethylformamide inhalation tests in humans, with concentrations of 26 or 87ppm. They confirm the results of the animal studies that MF and F are found as metabolites; MF is eliminated rapidly via the kidneys. Besides controlling the air in the working area, determination of MF in the urine appears to be a suitable routine control for exposure.
Internationales Archiv für Arbeitsmedizin - International Archives of Occupational Health, 19 Feb. 1975, Vol.34, No.2, p.109-126 and p. 127-136. Illus. 29 ref.

CIS 75-735 Edwards P.M.
Neurotoxicity of acrylamide and its analogues and effects of these analogues and other agents on acrylamide neuropathy.
Acrylamide is known to cause peripheral neuropathy. This paper describes studies on the toxicity of acrylamide and its analogues and the ability of the analogues to enhance the neurotoxicity of acrylamide. It was established that N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide and N,N-diethylacrylamide produce peripheral neuropathy in rats and that 7 other compounds related to acrylamide do not produce neuropathy. Rats given any one of the 3 neurotoxic compounds show increased susceptibility to acrylamide. DDT, phenobarbitone or high dietary concentation of vitamin A or E have no effect on the development of acrylamide neuropathy in rats.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Feb. 1975, Vol.32, No.1, p.31-38. Illus. 20 ref.

1974

CIS 76-425 Girenko D.B., Klisenko M.A.
Gas chromatography determination of carboxanilides in herbicides
Gazohromatografičeskij analiz gerbicidov gruppy anilidov karbonovyh kislot [in Russian]
Description of a method for monitoring residual Stam F34, Solan and Dicryl in air and water. Analysis of typical chromatograms of these anilides shows that Dicryl gives a symmetrical peak in the non-polar phase, whereas Stam and Solan give disymmetrical peaks, which could be due to partial adsorption of these substances on the column. Simultaneous determination of these anilides (particularly Dicryl and Stam) is rendered difficult by the closeness of their retention time. The article defines the optimal conditions for chromatographic determination and recommends the use of ether or n-hexane as solvents.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Nov. 1974, No.11, p.59-61. 4 ref.

CIS 75-1622 Dekker J.C., Pel H.J., Sieswerda D.
Illusory safety when working with dimethylformamide
Schijnzekerheden bij het werken met dimethylformamide [in Dutch]
The introduction of a new electrolyte containing dimethylformamide (DMF) in the manufacture of capacitors prompted a series of tests to assess the permeability of gloves formerly used for protection against an electrolyte containing dimethylacetamide. The test results showed that natural rubber and neoprene are very permeable to DMF, while Hypalon and polyethylene gave much better results. The permeability was lowest with Buta-Sol, which is based on butyl rubber.
Tijdschrift voor sociale geneeskunde, 22 Nov. 1974, Vol.52, No.23, p.860-862. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 75-1026 Matohnjuk L.A., Karpenko V.N., Olefir A.I., Anina I.A.
Experimental data for the establishment of the maximum permissible concentration for the fungicide polymarcine in the workplace air
Ėksperimental'nye materialy k obosnovaniju predel'no dopustimoj koncentracii polimarcina v vozduhe rabočej zony [in Russian]
Results of research in animals designed to determine the biological effects of the fungicide polymarcine (a complex of zinc ethylene-bis(dithiocarbamate), manganese ethylene-bis(dithiocarbamate) and ethylene thiuram disulfide) administered by the oral or percutaneous route or by inhalation. Acute and toxic poisoning is characterised by changes in the blood picture, enzyme disturbances (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, aldolase and alkaline phosphatase), and a reduction in immunobiological activity. A threshold limit value of 0.5mg/m³ is recommended for work with this fungicide.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Sep. 1974, No.9, p.17-20. 8 ref.

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