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1994

CIS 95-1060
Health and Safety Executive, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit
Mortality study of workers employed at a factory manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol
A study was made of the mortality of 673 male workers employed at a factory manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) between 1965 and 1976. The study population included workers employed at the time of a runaway reaction which resulted in the release of 2,4,5-TCP contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). No overall excess of cancers was found. While there were indications of possible increased mortality from cancers of the stomach and lung, there was no clear evidence of causation. Tables show major causes of mortality for the total population and for workers employed before, during and after the time of the runaway reaction.
HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 6FS, United Kingdom, 1994. 26p. 12 ref.

CIS 95-654 Wadden R.A., Baird D.I., Franke J.E., Scheff P.A., Conroy L.M.
Ethanol emission factors for glazing during candy production
This study determined emission rates of ethyl alcohol from a candy glazing operation and, from observation of source activities, expressed these emission rates as emission factors. A mass balance modelling approach was used in conjunction with on-site field testing. Twelve 1-hour periods were monitored during production over two days. Ethanol vapour samples were collected. Ventilation measurements and source activity observations were collected at the same time as the gas samples. When emission rates were compared with the number of batches of candy the resulting emission factors were in good agreement with the estimate developed from the glaze mixture composition and the approximate amount of glaze mixture added to each batch. Testing using the emission factor approach removes the effect of the particular interior space in which the data are collected and reproduces changes in emissions and exposures.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Apr. 1994, Vol.55, No.4, p.343-351. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 95-656 Dampening in offset printing. Which method will be used in future?
Offsetfeuchtung. Welcher Weg zeichnet sich ab? [in German]
It is expected that the emission of isopropyl alcohol from offset printing machines will soon be limited in the European Union. Ceramic cylinders which require water with less addition of isopropyl alcohol for dampening have come into use. The experience with this method in six cases is described. In four cases the new method proved to be as good as the conventional method with regard to the quality of the print. The addition of isopropyl alcohol could be cut from 10% or more to 5% or less with the new ceramic cylinders. In 2 cases no satisfactory results were achieved.
Tag für Tag, Jan.-Feb. 1994, No.1, p.9-13. Illus.

CIS 95-632 Appel K.E.
On the carcinogenicity of pentachlorophenol
Zur kanzerogenen Wirkung von Pentachlorphenol [in German]
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) has been widely used in industry, agriculture, and in homes as a pesticide and herbicide. It finds its widest use in wood impregnation. Data on the carcinogenicity of PCP are reviewed. The substance is carcinogenic in B6C3F1-mice. In addition, there is evidence that some metabolites of PCP are genotoxic. Epidemiologic studies have not provided proof or disproof of a carcinogenic effect in humans. The present exposure limit of 1µg/m³ air recommended by the German Bureau of Health is on the safe side on the basis of present knowledge.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Aug. 1994, Vol.37, No.8, p.334-341. 61 ref.

CIS 95-235 Littorin M., Hansson M., Rappe C., Kogevinas M.
Dioxins in blood from Swedish phenoxy herbicide workers
This brief communication presents the results of a follow-up study of 5 workers employed between 1964 and 1978 in a Swedish factory which produced chlorophenoxy herbicides and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Blood plasma analysis indicated that the workers had much higher levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD) than did five referents. A relationship was observed between employment time and values of TCDD. Values of other dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and of non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were also higher in the workers.
Lancet, 27 Aug. 1994, Vol.344, No.8922. p.611-612. 5 ref.

CIS 95-231 Cevallos R., Assous M., Dournovo P., Nicolas P., Guillevin L.
Systemic sclerosis after cresol inhalation
Sclérodermie systémique après inhalation de crésol [in French]
A case of systemic sclerosis is reported in which the pathogen is probably inhaled cresol, a phenolic derivate of toluene, administered as a disinfectant in an unventilated office. In treatment, corticotherapy did not have any effect and improvement was only seen after factor XIII therapy.
Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail, 1994, Vol.55, No.1, p.43-45. Illus. 23 ref.

CIS 94-2027
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol)
Only a few studies are available on the sensitizing effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) in humans. In one study it is described as mildly irritating to the skin and moderately sensitizing in human patch tests; contact dermatitis and allergic reactions have also been reported. Animal studies indicate that the substance affects the lungs, liver, kidneys and thyroid gland; contradictory results are available on carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproduction disturbances.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xv, 116p. 197 ref.

CIS 94-2051 Pohl K.D., Leisen K., Von Czerniewicz M., Wilkehl R., Wieneke A., Löbbert A.
Systematic studies for determining the flammability of vaporized mixtures of water and solvents
Systematische Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der Zündfähigkeit fein vernebelter Wasser-Lösemittel-Gemische [in German]
The flammability of vaporized mixtures of water with n-butyl alcohol, butylene glycol, ethanol, methylpyrrolidone or n-propanol was tested. The selected substances are used as solvents in lacquers. The mixtures were vaporized with a pressure of 10bar to droplets with a diameter of about 50µm or less. In the ensuing flammability tests, the mists ignited at lower temperatures than was expected from the flashpoints of the unvaporized pure solvents or mixtures of water and solvents.
VFDB-Zeitschrift, Feb. 1994, Vol.43, No.1, p.23-28. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 94-1674 Flyvholm M.A.
Contact allergens in chemical products
Kontaktallergener i kemiske produkter [in Danish]
The Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was searched for information on 43 contact allergens in 18 product categories. Formaldehyde was present in products in all 18 categories; six other allergens were present in more than half. Some commonly registered amines are not included in standard patch tests, while one amine that figures in routine tests is rare in products on the market. Combination of interview data from eczema patients with product composition data from PROBAS helped identify formaldehyde-containing products as the source of their problem and led to solutions. Conversely, a widely used antioxidant, BHT, showed no sensitizing properties in 1336 eczema patients. Thus, product registers can be used to estimate exposure of patients to allergens.
Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet, At-salg, Landskronagade 33, 2100 København Ø, Denmark, 1994. 88p. Price: DKK 235.00.

CIS 94-622 Manno M., Rezzadore M.
Critical role of ethanol abuse in carbon tetrachloride poisoning
A brief report on two cases of occupational poisoning after acute unprotected inhalation of carbon tetrachloride in which regular ethanol abuse by the patients appears to have been critical for toxicity. In each incident, one worker (in each case a heavy drinker) developed adverse liver and kidney effects while co-workers (who drank moderately) showed no significant effects. Thus, conditions of solvent exposure that are harmless to normal subjects may produce dramatic effects in heavy drinkers.
Lancet, 22 Jan. 1994, Vol.343, No.8891, p.232. 3 ref.

1993

CIS 96-1969 2-Chlorophenol
Data sheet. 2-Chlorophenol may enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. May damage the kidneys, liver and central nervous system. Burns the skin and eyes.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p.

CIS 96-1968 3-Chlorophenol
Data sheet. 3-Chlorophenol may enter the body by inhalation or through the skin. It has corrosive effects on the eyes and the skin. May damage the kidneys, the liver and the central nervous system.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368, USA, 1993. 6p.

CIS 96-1602 Phenetyl alcohol [sic]
International Chemical Safety Card. Synonym: 2-phenylethanol. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates the eyes and the respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: neurotoxic effects; genetic effects.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-1589 Linalool
International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates the skin.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-1580 2-Ethylhexanol
International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates the eyes and the skin.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-1224 Isoamyl alcohol
International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates the eyes, the respiratory tract; may affect the central nervous system. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 100ppm, 360mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-1223 Furfuryl alcohol
International Chemical Safety Card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 10ppm, 40mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); TLV as STEL: 15ppm, 60mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991)
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-429 Sodium methylate
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: corrosive effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; pulmonary oedema (may be delayed).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 96-428 Pyrogallic acid
International chemical safety card (synonym: pyrogallol). Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may affect the liver, kidneys and the blood (decrease in oxygen - the substance has a marked affinity for the oxygen of the blood). Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-1416 Benson L.O., Teta M.J.
Mortality due to pancreatic and lymphopoietic cancers in chlorohydrin production workers
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1993, Vol.50, No.8, p.710-716. Illus. 22 ref. ###

CIS 95-1239 Propargyl alcohol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; chemical burns; may affect the liver, kidneys and blood coagulation. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 1ppm, 2.3mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991); PDK: 1mg/m³ (USSR 1988).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-1237 2-Phenylphenol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-1236 Methyl isobutyl carbinol
International chemical safety card (Synonym: 4-methyl-2-pentanol). Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the liver and kidneys. Long-term exposure effects: skin sensitization; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the liver and kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 25ppm, 104mg/m³ (TWA); 40ppm, 167mg/m³ (STEL) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-1233 Hexylene glycol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes and skin. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; may affect the kidneys. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 25ppm, 121mg/m³ (ceiling) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-430 Bisphenol A
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the skin and eyes; pulmonary oedema.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-424 Glycerol
International chemical safety card. Synonym: glycerine. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Occupational exposure limit: TLV: 10mg/m³ mist (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-412 3,5,5-Trimethylhexanol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the liver and kidneys; may cause birth defects.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-65 Phenol, 2,3,6-trichloro-,
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; no data are available on this isomer, but a mixture of trichlorophenols may cause toxic effects on the central nervous system. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; a related substance, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, is possibly carcinogenic in humans.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-64 Phenol, 2,3,5-trichloro-
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; no data are available on this isomer, but a mixture of trichlorophenols may cause irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract and acute toxic effects on the central nervous system. Long term exposure effects: dermatitis; a related substance, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, is possibly carcinogenic in humans.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 95-63 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1852 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract. No data available on this isomer, but a mixture of tetrachlorophenols may cause toxic effects in the liver and central nervous system.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1514 Isopropyl alcohol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 400ppm; 983mg/m³ (TWA); 500ppm; 1230mg/m³ (STEL) (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1513 1-Propanol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 200ppm; 492mg/m³ (TWA); 250ppm; 614mg/m³ (STEL) (skin) (ACGIH 1991-1992).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1500 3-Pentanol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1499 1-Pentanol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; may cause corneal damage; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1497 Pentachlorophenol sodium
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; pulmonary oedema. Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); may affect the lungs, liver and kidneys.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-1225 Franco G., Fonte R., Ghittori S.
Drinking habits and occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics at low doses
The aim of this study was to evaluate certain indicators of hepatic (serum aminotransferase activities) and haematological (erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume) changes among health care personnel exposed to inhalation anaesthetics (nitrous oxide and isoflurane). Workers (172) in a hospital were divided into four groups according to exposure and drinking habits: (1) non-drinkers and unexposed subjects; (2) drinkers and unexposed subjects; (3) non-drinkers and exposed subjects; (4) drinkers and exposed subjects. Aminotransferase activity or mean erythrocyte size were not affected by anaesthetics exposure. Increased aspartateaminotransferase (AST) values among unexposed drinkers were related to alcohol intake. This observation was confirmed by the relationship between AST behaviour and quantitative alcohol intake. Thus, when studying any effect involving functions related to the biotransformation of xenobiotics, in which the liver plays a primary role, the importance of establishing the exact daily amount of ethanol intake is stressed.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1993, Vol.84, No.6, p.463-472. Illus. 54 ref.

CIS 94-1006
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene)
Resorcinol is used mainly for the production of adhesives and resins; small amounts may be used in hair dyes and lotions. It is formed in the coking or liquefaction of coal. On the basis of its acute toxicity, it is classified as "harmful" in Germany. There is no evidence of allergic sensitization, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity. The substance does not accumulate in the body or in the environment. While there is no need for further toxicological or ecological research, there is a serious lack of information on exposure due to industrial release of resorcinol.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, Feb. 1993. xi, 28p.+79p. 222 ref. Price: DEM 72.00.

CIS 94-795 Cresol (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; corrosion of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; corrosive on ingestion; pulmonary oedema; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: dermatitis; chemical burns; may affect the lungs, kidney and liver. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 5ppm, 22mg/m³ (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-995
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)
Pentachlorophenol
Cases of acute toxicity have been reported following inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Symptoms of intoxication include: weight loss, dizziness, mental disorientation, accelerated pulse and breathing, increased body temperature and effects on the central nervous system. Long-term effects of occupational exposure include irritation of the skin, eyes and nasal mucous membranes, chloracne and symptoms such as exhaustion, neuralgia and hepatic dysfunction, chronic porphyria and toxic myocarditis.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1993. xv, 147p. 369 ref. Price: DEM 72.00.

CIS 94-472 Isooctyl alcohol (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long-term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin. Occupational exposure limits: TLV: 50ppm; 266mg/m³ (TWA) (skin) (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-471 Isodecyl alcohol (mixed isomers)
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-467 2-Hexanol
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of eyes, skin and respiratory tract; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system). Long term exposure effects: liquid defats the skin; neurotoxic effects.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-466 1,6-Hexanediol
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-317 Kauppinen T., Kogevinas M., Johnson E., Becher H., Bertazzi P.A., De Mesquita H.B.B., Coggon D., Green L., Littorin M., Lynge E., Mathews J., Neuberger M., Osman J., Pannett B., Pearce N., Winkelmann R., Saracci R.
Chemical exposure in manufacture of phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols and in spraying of phenoxy herbicides
Exposure patterns are reported for manufacturing and sprayer cohorts incorporated in the "IARC International Register of Workers exposed to Phenoxy Herbicides and Contaminants". Information was based on company questionnaires, company reports, plant visits, and serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD measurements. In addition to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols, workers in manufacturing plants may have been exposed to raw materials, process chemicals, other agents synthesized or formulated, and impurities of all these agents. Sprayers also had a complex exposure pattern, including phenoxy herbicides and some other pesticides, their carriers and additives, and residues of chemicals formed during manufacture. Biological monitoring and industrial hygiene data were rarely available, most since the late 1970s. Exposure of workers depended mainly on the jobs they performed. A quantitative exposure classification is not feasible in this study. Semiquantitative exposure estimates may be derived through a critical interpretation of biological monitoring and industrial hygiene data together with individual work histories.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1993, Vol.23, No.6, p.903-920. 15 ref.

CIS 94-295 Lin C.K., Chen R.Y.
Survey of glycol ether use in Taiwan, 1991
Recently, E-series glycol ethers have been found to show reproductive and teratogenic toxicity, and throughout much of the world they are being replaced by the so-called P-series glycol ethers. In responding to the impact of the worldwide transition from E- to P-series glycol ethers, the current status of glycol ether use in Taiwan was studied. This study found that large quantities of E-series glycol ethers were imported and used in Taiwan. The best estimates are: 2-ME, 2,500 tons; 2-EE, 1,200 tons; 2-EEA, 5,000-8,000 tons; 2-BE, 8,000 tons annually in 1991. For P-series glycol ethers, only about 2,500 tons are being used. Lack of knowledge about the potential toxic effects of the E-series glycol ethers is very common among users, regulatory agencies, academic institutes, and the general public. It is hoped that the results of this study, along with educational efforts, government regulations, and provision of technical services, will help prevent Taiwan becoming a dumping site for these toxic chemicals.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.101-108. 9 ref.

CIS 94-209 Cheng W.N., Coenraads P.J., Hao Z.H., Lui G.F.
A health survey of workers in the pentachlorophenol section of a chemical manufacturing plant
During 1968 to 1985, 109 workers who had been engaged in the production of pentachlorophenol, using non-gamma isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) as the raw material, were surveyed. Endemic chloracne among them had been noted since 1974. The prevalence of chloracne was 73.4% (80/109) in total and 95.2% (20/21) in a trichlorobenzene (TCB) tank area where dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels were thousands of ppm. It seems that PCDDs and PCDFs have not previously been reported from thermal decomposition of BHC. Urinary porphyrins were significantly higher among exposed workers than among the controls but there was no significant difference between the workers with chloracne and those without. The conduction velocities of the median motor nerves were much slower among the workers in the TCB tank area where the highest PCDD contamination appeared. The mortality study cohort was relatively young. Based on the three deaths observed during the follow-up, no association could be drawn.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.81-92. Illus. 52 ref.

CIS 94-30 2,4-Dichlorophenol
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; systemic poisoning.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 93-1952 Korsak Z., Świercz R., Jędrychowski R.
Effects of acute combined exposure to n-butyl alcohol and m-xylene
The effects of combined exposure to m-xylene and n-butyl alcohol on rotarod performance and motor activity in rats and respiratory rate in mice were investigated in the condition of an acute inhalation experiment. Both solvents and mixtures caused concentration-dependent disturbances of rotarod performance in rats. The medial effective concentration (EC₅₀) for the effect amounted to 6530ppm, 1980ppm and 3080ppm for n-butyl alcohol, m-xylene and their mixture, respectively. Both solvents and their mixture changed the spontaneous motor activity in the rat. The tested solvents resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in respiratory rate in mice. The concentration which decreased the respiratory rate to 50% (RD₅₀) was 3010ppm, 1360ppm and 3140ppm for n-butyl alcohol, m-xylene and their mixture, respectively. In the animal tests the effect of the combined exposure to m-xylene and n-butyl alcohol was less than additive, suggesting that a similar phenomenon might occur in the conditions of combined occupational exposure to m-xylene and n-butyl alcohol.
Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 1993, Vol.6, No.1, p.35-41. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 93-1796 Catechol
International chemical safety card. Synonym: pyrocatechol. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; irritation of the skin, respiratory and digestive tracts; corrosive to the eyes; neurotoxic effects (central nervous system); rise in blood pressure. Long term exposure effects: skin sensitisation. Occupational exposure limits: TLV 5ppm, 20mg/m³ (ACGIH 1990-1991).
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 93-1783 1,2-Butanediol
International chemical safety card. Short-term exposure effects: eye irritation. Long-term exposure effects: may affect the kidneys.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

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