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Road transportation - 1,331 entries found

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1978

CIS 79-521 Sieg R.
Use of safety devices for work on sloping ground
Emploi de dispositifs de sécurité lors des travaux exécutés sur les terrains en pente. [in French]
Motor mowers and motor tedding machines, often used on sloping ground, are not very complicated agricultural machines, but they raise some safety problems which are reviewed in this article: motor noise, exhaust gases, heat from exhaust pipe, location of emergency stop button, centrifugal clutch, control levers, brakes, adaptability of handles, vibration transmission, cutter bar, stability. Recommendations for safe use of 2-wheel motor mowers on sloping ground.
Technique agricole, July 1978, Vol.40, No.9, p.335-340. Illus.

CIS 79-539 Reini H.
Land surveyors live dangerously
Landmesser leben gefährlich [in German]
Work on or at the side of roads is particularly dangerous for land surveyors, and it is not sufficient to simply place a warning signal. A signalman with a flag to warn motorists should also be posted, and, if the extent of the work justifies it, measures similar to those to protect a road worksite (signals, barriers) should be taken. Instructions for practical protection and sign posting are given. Attention is drawn to the hazards of electric cables, with information on the protective clothing and equipment required.
Tiefbau-Berufsgenossenschaft, June 1978, Vol.90, No.6, p.391-397. Illus.

CIS 79-538 Faltin W., Wibbelhoff H.
Safety equipment for asphalt mix plant
Sicherheitseinrichtungen an Asphalt-Mischwerken [in German]
Preventive measures and protective devices installed in existing or new plant are described. Instructions are given for the use of wheel-mounted loaders, and the function and possibilities of protecting various units are presented: batchers, belt conveyors, filler hoppers and vane-type feeders, rotary dryer with burner, bucket elevators, mixing tower with screen, fabric filter dust collector with cooler and stack, skip hoist, controlled temperature silos, asphalt tanks with transfer heating, control cab, electrical equipment.
Die Industrie der Steine und Erden, July.-Aug. 1978, Vol.88, No.4, p.114-120. Illus.

CIS 79-301 Hardiville C.
Equipment of road transport vehicles with mechanised devices for loading and unloading
Les appareils de manutention mécanisés équipant les véhicules routiers de transport de marchandises. [in French]
Paper submitted to the Regional Joint Technical Committee for transport and mechanical handling (Comité technique régional des transports et de la manutention), Lille, France. In view of the high accident rate in loading and unloading road transport vehicles, the equipment of these vehicles with mechanised devices for loading and unloading should be encouraged. This study describes various types of equipment available commercially: cranes with cable drum or with hook on the end of a hydraulic jib; overhead rail with or without hoist, or rolling-beam type; mechanically operated tailgate (raised or lowered vertically on lateral rails, or drawbridge system, hydraulically operated). Advice on choice of equipment, safety recommendations, training.
Regional Health Insurance Fund for Northern France (Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie du Nord de la France), 11 boulevard Vauban, 59024 Lille Cedex, France, 14 May 1978. 10p. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 79-68 Bridier P.
Hearing change in drivers of agricultural tractors
L'altération de l'audition chez les conducteurs de tracteurs agricoles. [in French]
MD thesis. When considering occupational disease in agricultural workers, it should be realised that hearing change occurs not only in tractor drivers but in many others whose work is becoming more and more mechanised and therefore more and more noisy: workers in sawmills, dairies and flourmills, timber workers, etc. Following a review of the anatomy and physiology of the organs of hearing, the phenomenon of noise and general considerations on hearing loss, the author gives the results of a comparative audiometric study of 300 tractor drivers divided into 3 age groups: bilateral hearing damage with scotoma at 4,000Hz; maximum hearing loss between 35 and 50 years, especially in the higher frequencies; proportionally less significant hearing loss between 50 and 65 yeas; the hearing loss is greater in the left ear, which is usually more exposed to engine noise. Reference to French, German and Italian standards concerning noise; noise measurements taken on engines and during agricultural work; preventive measures; compensation. A table of noise-induced occupational diseases in agricultural workers is proposed.
Université de Bordeaux II, Unités d'enseignement et de recherche des sciences médicales, Bordeaux, France, 1978. 79p. Illus. 28 ref.

CIS 79-86 Potthoff A.
Air conditioning studies on heavy load-haul-dump machines in Lower Saxony potash mines
Versuche zur Klimatisierung von Grosslademaschinen im Kalibergbau Niedersachsens [in German]
Prospective studies of microclimate changes with increasing depth of ore-getting workings in potash mines have indicated a predictable increase of 8.4°C over 10 years, resulting in a dry-bulb temperature of 56°C and a wet-bulb temperature of 28°C. According to mining regulations in force, work under these conditions requires special permission and the presence of air conditioning. Possibilities of air conditioning are reviewed, and systems developed to insulate the driver's cab of load-haul-dump machines and air conditioning systems are described. Results were a dry-bulb temperature of 25-30°C and 25% air humidity in the cab, as well as a reduction in exposure to noise, dust and draughts.
Kali und Steinsalz, Mar. 1978, Vol.7, No.6, p.234-241. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 79-193
Council of the European Communities, Bruxelles.
Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the driver's seat on wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
Directive du Conseil concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres relatives au siège du conducteur des tracteurs agricoles ou forestiers à roues. [in French]
Member states of the EEC must bring their legislation into conformity with the provisions of this Directive within 18 months of its notification (i.e. by 18 Mar. 1980). Definitions are folowed by requirements concerning: construction and testing; EEC component type approval (access, seat surface, backrest, lateral seat supports, load adjustment range, suspension travel, vibration); special requirements (position and inclination of backrest, seat adjustment, seat tests, tests for lateral stability, suspension system); marking. Tables of parameters and ordinates for tests; graphs showing spectral power density of vertical vibration acceleration; illustration of an EEC component type-approval mark.
Official Journal of the European Communities - Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, Office for Publications of the European Communities, B.P. 1003, Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 18 Sep. 1978, Vol.21, No.L255. p.1-39. Illus.

CIS 79-204 Dreyer H.
Safety experience in undergound operation of trackless vehicles in Lower Saxony mines
Sicherheitliche Erfahrungen beim untertägigen Betrieb gleisloser Fahrzeuge im niedersächsischen Bergbau [in German]
Statistics show that the use of wheeled or crawler-mounted instead of railbound vehicles, and the resulting changes in technical conditions in potassium mines since 1962 have considerably reduced the number of accidents. However, new safety problems have arisen, and these are dealt with in this article: theoretical and practical training of drivers, special features and rules for underground traffic, ergonomic design of the driver's post, monitoring of exhaust gas composition and of mine air, improvement of exhaust gases, braking, fire hazard.
Kali und Steinsalz, Mar. 1978, Vol.7, No.6, p.256-265. 10 ref.

CIS 79-229 Hours of work and rest periods in road transport.
La durée du travail et les périodes de repos dans les transports routiers. [in French]
This booklet summarises the report of the committee which, at the 64th Session of the International Labour Conference (Geneva, June 1978) examined this question with a view to the adoption of an international instrument. The conclusions of the Conference for the second discussion at the 65th Session (Geneva, June 1979), the record of the discussion, at the 64th Session, of the committee's report and the proposed conclusions are reproduced. The booklet also reproduces the proposed texts of an international Convention (scope (urban transport may be excluded); limitation of continuous driving to 4h without break; maximum driving time, including overtime, 9h daily or 48h weekly; mandatory rest period of 11h in any 24h period; exceptions; record-keeping; inspection, etc.) and of a Recommendation: consultation of employers and workers, normal hours of work (definition; limitation to 40-48h weekly, 8h daily; attendance or stand-by limited to 10-12h daily); maximum period of continuous work without a break (5h); daily spreadover; driving time without a break (maximum 4h); daily rest (11h); weekly rest (24h preceeded by 11h); exceptions and overtime; supervisory measures; application of the Recommendation by laws and regulations.
Report V (1), International Labour Conference, 65th Session, 1979. International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1978. 64p. Price: SF.15.00.

CIS 79-116 Kummer R.
Benzene in petrol: is there a problem?
Benzeen in benzine: een probleem? [in Dutch]
Results of a survey in employees of petrol distribution firms (18 petrol pump attendants, 5 tank truck drivers, 5 loading terminal operators) to assess exposure to benzene vapours, involving measurement of the following parameters: determination of benzene in ambient air by personal sampler; determination of phenol in urine; microclimatic conditions; quantities of petrol loaded. Average exposure was found to be 0.3mg benzene/m3 (upper and lower limits 0.1-1.1mg/m3). As exposure was minimal, detection of the urinary metabolite was difficult. The benzene content of commercial brands of petrol does not constitute a health hazard.
Tijdschrift voor sociale geneeskunde, 11 Oct. 1978, Vol. 56, No.20, p.669-672. 13 ref.

CIS 79-228 Bourderioux J.
Falls from stationary vehicles during loading or unloading
Les chutes de véhicules à l'arrêt lors du chargement ou du déchargement. [in French]
Statistics are given of: types of accident (falls from railcar platform; falls climbing or jumping down or climbing onto the lorry, during securing or removal of tarpaulins, cleaning the vehicle), distribution of accidents by profession (delivery drivers, goods handlers, mechanics, industrial truck drivers, loading dock supervisors) and age of victim. Causes of falls are listed (large space between lorry and dock, poor state of floor, floor without side and tail boards, lack of access ladder, etc.) and means of access to vehicles are examined. Preventive measures are: instructions to personnel, improved access to vehicles, improved methods of securing and removing tarpaulins; vehicle maintenance; improved loading and unloading techniques.
Prévention et sécurité du travail, 1st quarter 1978, No.115, p.13-23. Illus.

CIS 79-206 Health and safety guide for manufacturers of industrial trucks and tractors.
Safe practices to encourage compliance with U.S. regulations are described. Contents: health and safety programme, employee training, environmental control, the industry and its hazards; frequently violated regulations (walking and working surfaces, exits and exit markings, toxic substances, ventilation, noise, spray painting, personal protective equipment, medical and first aid, fire protection, compressed air equipment, materials handling, machinery and guarding, hand and portable powered tools, welding and cutting, electrical safety); record keeping; information sources.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.78-147, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Feb. 1978. 83p. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 78-2072 Piskum L.F.
A tram driver's seat
Kreslo voditelja tramvaja [in Russian]
Description of a driver's seat designed to ensure an optimum work posture in all the operations involved in tram driving and to reduce static muscular load. The suspension of the seat is of the double-arm parallel type, adjustable by a screw spindle enabling the distance of the seat from the pedals to be varied according to each driver's requirements, whereas the angle of inclination of the seat and back remain constant. The back of the seat may, however, be adapted to the contour of the driver's spinal column by means of 5 knobs actuating eccentric shafts which tension the upholstery covering the back of the seat. Hinged panels underneath the upholstery of the seat itself help to reduce static muscular load; these panels rest on cams actuated by pneumatic cylinders linked to the air circuit for opening the tram doors, providing adaptation to the speed of the tram and the frequency of stops.
Tehničeskaja ėstetika, Mar. 1978, No.3, p.18. Illus. 3 ref.

CIS 78-2047
Federation of Industrial Mutual Accident Insurance Associations (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften), Bonn, 1 Apr. 1978.
Tramways
Strassenbahnen [in German]
Sections of these regulations are devoted to: installations and permanent ways, rolling stock, operational rules and equipment for personnel, modes of operation. Alphabetical index.
Carl Heymanns Verlag KG, Gereonstrasse 18-32, 5000 Köln 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1978. 13p. Price: DM.0.80.

CIS 78-1950 Elster I., Bencsáth F.A., Drysch K., Häfele H.
Benzene poisoning in petrol pump attendants
Benzolintoxikation beim Betanken von Fahrzeugen [in German]
As Federal German legislation does not prescribe a limit to the proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons used as petrol additives, there is a danger that a reduction of the proportion of tetraethyllead in motor fuel may result in an increase in benzene and toluene content. In view of the scarcity of data in the literature concerning the exposure of petrol pump attendants to these hydrocarbons, the authors measured the quantity of benzene and toluene inhaled daily by these workers, and the corresponding metabolites. The article describes the methods used and the results of sampling various brands of regular and premium grade petrol, monitoring the environmental air in filling stations and blood samples from pump attendants, and determination of urinary metabolites (phenol, hippuric acid). Benzene and toluene concentrations in the petrol samples were similar to those found in harmful industrial substances. Pump attendants inhale daily significantly high levels (6mg benzene, 10mg toluene). However, determination of urinary metabolites did not suggest a significant degree of exposure.
Sicherheitsingenieur, Feb. 1978, Vol.9, No.2, p.36-39.

CIS 78-1929 Zorn H.
Occupational and environmental hazards due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in petroleum or coal distillates used in industry and road surfacing
Berufliche und Umweltgefährdung durch polyzyklisch aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAH) in Erdöl- oder Kohlendestillaten bei ihrer technologischen Anwendung in der Industrie und im Strassenbau [in German]
Literature survey of the pollution problems arising from the use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in asphalting (work processes involved; materials used; PAH content of asphalt, of petroleum products; PAH concentrations in motor car exhaust and on the clothing of exposed workers; exposure during road surfacing; irritant and carcinogenic effects of PAH). Exposure hazards in the vicinity of industrial plants producing asphalt; dose-response relationship; occupational health measures.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Jan. 1978, Vol.13, No.1, p.6-9. 2 ref.

CIS 78-2011 Bottoms D.J., Barber T.S.
A swivelling seat to improve tractor drivers' posture
A mechanism that allowed a tractor seat to swivel by up to 20 degrees from the normal forward facing position was tested. Electromyographic techniques were used to monitor muscle activity during static laboratory experiments and angles of body twist were studied photographically. There was a decrease in muscle activity in the shoulder and neck regions when the seat was used. The potential benefit of swivelling the seat was not fully utilised by the subjects. Subjective tests at 3 farms confirmed that the seat was of benefit to the driver, particularly for tasks requiring him to look backwards frequently.
Applied Ergonomics, Guildford, United Kingdom, June 1978, Vol.9, No.2, p.77-84. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 78-1548 Avoid asbestos in the automobile industry
Undvik asbest i motorbranschen [in Swedish]
Information sheet for personnel liable to be exposed to asbestos dust during relining of brakes and clutches. It points to the presence of asbestos in brake drums and sets out recommendations on: replacement of asbestos by other substances whenever possible; cleaning of brake drums with hot water; local exhaust of settled dust; wearing of dust masks; cleaning brake shoes in an area provided with exhaust ventilation, etc. Notes on health hazards of asbestos and the danger of exacerbation by cigarette smoking. Reference to 14 directives concerning asbestos published by the National Swedish Board of Occupational Safety and Health.
ADI 99, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Fack, 100 26 Stockholm, Sweden, 1978. 6p. 14 ref. Gratis.

CIS 78-1705 Despert-Valin C.
Pollution by motor vehicle exhaust gases in the open air and their effects on human health
La pollution par les gaz d'échappement automobiles en atmosphère ouverte et ses effets sur la santé humaine. [in French]
MD thesis. Background information on the composition of motor vehicle exhaust gases (CO, NOx, hydrocarbons, oxidising agents, aldehydes, lead) and variations in their atmospheric concentrations due to various factors (traffic peaks, motor speeds, etc.) is followed by a study of their concentrations in open or semi-enclosed locations (highways, motorways, city streets, tunnels). Analysis of the effects of these gases on human health is based essentially on the results of laboratory experiments and epidemiological surveys, especially of persons occupationally exposed: traffic police, toll gate or tunnel employees, road repair workers, professional and taxi drivers. The results of the toxicological investigation are compared with the maximum tolerance concentrations proposed for each pollutant, and measures are suggested to reduce this pollution. This is followed by a review of French and foreign legislation and considerations on the possibility of having CO and lead poisoning in outdoor workplaces added to the list of occupational diseases giving entitlement to statutory compensation, ending with speculations on future trends in the improvement of existing internal combustion engines and the possible development of a new type of motor causing less pollution.
Université de Paris V, Faculté de médecine Cochin - Port-Royal, Paris, France, 1978. 73p. 104 ref.

CIS 78-1208
National Joint Technical Committees for Transport and Mechanical Handling and for the Metal Trades, Central Coordinating Committee, National Health Insurance Fund (Comité technique national des transports et de la manutention, Comité technique national de la métallurgie
Securing and removal of tarpaulins on vehicles
Bâchage et débâchage des véhicules. [in French]
Securing and removing tarpaulins and assembling and dismantling side- and tailboards and other elements around the loading platform give rise to dangerous postures and considerable effort, and are the cause of severe and even fatal occupational accidents. This recommendation aims at reducing these hazards as well as worker fatigue. Aspects dealt with: tarpaulins, tarpaulin container, access ladders, moving along the sideboards, access to the lorry floor, uprights, hoops and stays, personal protective equipment, maintenance of dismountable elements, personnel and equipment to be provided for the driver.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, et Comité central de coordination, Caisse nationale de l'assurance-maladie), Paris, 30 Nov., 2 Dec. and 15 Dec. 1977. Paris, France, 2nd quarter 1978, No.91, Note No.1122-91-78 (Recommendation No.134), p.327-329. Illus.

CIS 78-1481 Stojilković Ž., Potkonjak V., Stepanović S.
Reactivity of cardiovascular and sympatho-adrenal systems in heavy truck drivers as a measurement of stress while driving
Reaktivnost kardiovaskularnog i simpato-adrenalnog sistema vozača teških motornih vozila kao merilo stresa za vreme vožnje [in Serbocroatian]
Results of observations made in 20 truck and bus drivers on journeys of 260 to 480km. Analysis of the results and of their correlations showed that the drivers' neuropsychic stress could be evaluated by determination of urine catecholamine levels and by recording certain cardiovascular functions (pulse rate, arterial blood pressure).
Ergonomija, 1978, Vol.5, No.2, p.43-50. Illus.

CIS 78-1282 Dekker J.C., Hielema Z.T., Sieswerda D.
Fictitious safety in agriculture
Schijnzekerheid in de akkerbouw [in Dutch]
Report and results of an audiometric survey carried out in the Netherlands, covering 63 tractor and/or combine harvester drivers who underwent, over a period of 3 years, audiometric tests before and after the ploughing and harvesting seasons. A comparison of hearing threshold shifts in farm workers and workers in metalworking shops showed that the hazard of hearing damage was about the same in mechanised farming and in the metalworking industry. The authors recommend that farmers should choose the least noisy types of tractor when renewing their equipment, and should wear earmuffs.
Tijdschrift voor sociale geneeskunde, 3 May 1978, Vol.56, No.9, p.288-292. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 78-1408 Hazards of motor mowers and 2-wheeled tractors when pointed directly uphill or downhill
Dangers présentés par les motofaucheuses et les tracteurs à un essieu quand on travaille selon le sens de la pente et en montant. [in French]
Based on a case study of a fatal accident, this article stresses the hazards of using motor mowers or 2-wheeled tractors on steep slopes. Recommendations: use only machines equipped with an efficient, easily-operated handbrake; never change gear when guiding the machine straight uphill or downhill; before changing gear, turn the machine parallel to the contours.
Technique agricole, May 1978, Vol.40, No.7, p.266-268. Illus.

CIS 78-1445 Phillips C.F., Jones R.K.
Gasoline vapor exposure during bulk handling operations.
Gasoline vapour exposures to driver-salesmen and full-time loaders at top and bottom loading operations, with and without a vapour recovery system, were studied. Only in the case of top loading without vapour recovery was the 240ppm safe exposure criterion used for the study exceeded on about 5% of days. Factors influencing exposure (time taken to load, absence of vapour recovery systems, leaks and spills) are listed. There was no harmful exposure to benzene.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Feb. 1978, Vol.39, No.2, p.118-128. Illus. 9 ref.

1977

CIS 99-1778 Council Directive 77/536/EEC of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the roll-over protection structures of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors [European Communities]
Directive du Conseil 77/536/CEE du 28 juin 1977 concernant le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres relatives aux dispositifs de protection en cas de renversement des tracteurs agricoles ou forestiers à roues [Communautés européennes] [in French]
This Directive has been adapted by Commission Directive 1999/55/EC (CIS 99-1779). Topics: agricultural operations; agriculture and forestry; approval; compliance tests; directive; drivers seats; equipment testing; European Communities; protection against overturning; safety devices; shock testing; tractors.
Journal officiel des Communautés européennes - Official Journal of the European Communities, 29 Aug. 1977, Vol.20, No.L 220, p.1-37.

CIS 80-603 Motor trucks for mines, quarries, and construction.
Updated edition: hazards; driver qualifications and training; operation of vehicles; reversing; maintenance and servicing equipment; drivers' inspection reports (model); guarding of nip points on belts; transportation of workers; transportation of supplies; condition of roadways; skidding; roadway maintenance.
Data Sheet 330, Revision B 1977, National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA, 1977. 10p. Illus. 8 ref.

CIS 79-197 Tractors
Traktorer [in Norwegian]
Contents of these directives (effective 1 July 1977): introductory provisions (scope, age limit for drivers, etc.); safety rules (service and maintenance instructions in Norwegian, design of driver's place and seat, controls, layout of controls, mudguard, cab or safety frame for tractors weighing more than 500kg, silencing of motor, power take-off guards, brakes, guarding of belt flywheel, etc.). Appended: approval of cab or safety frame; impact strength testing of cab or frame; extracts from other directives concerning tractor safety and power take-off guards. An information sheet on approval procedures for imported tractors (control card) may be ordered (please mention: "Bestillingsnr. 322").
Verneregler Nr.37, Bestillningsnr. 320, Direction de l'inspection du travail (Direktoratet for arbeidstilsynet), Postboks 8103 Dep., Oslo 1, Norway, 20 Apr. 1977. 28p. Gratis.

CIS 78-1733 Puppinck.
Vertebral osteoarticular disorders in trucks drivers
Etude des affections ostéo-articulaires vertébrales des conducteurs routiers. [in French]
Communication to the Regional Joint Technical Committee for Transport and Mechanical Handling (Lille, France). A report from the French National Health Insurance Fund describes a study in progress on vertebral osteoarticular disorders in truck drivers (comparison over 5 yers of clinical and X-ray examinations in 1,500 subjects throughout France). Details are given of the study methods (choice of subjects, procedure, examinations).
Caisse régionale d'assurance maladie du Nord de la France, 11 boulevard Vauban, 59024 Lille Cedex, France, 13 Oct. 1977. 9p. Gratis.

CIS 78-1259 Worksite dust control - A "clean" cab
Contre les poussières du chantier - Une cabine "propre". [in French]
Description of a ventilation system for removing airborne dust by a filter on the driver's cab of a pulverising mixer (used for soil stabilisation in road or airport runway construction). This machine, which pulverises the ground over which it passes and mixes lime or cement with it, produces a great amount of dust. The system is composed of a 2-stage filter (a first stage of the cyclone type for removing coarse particulates and a standard paper filter for fine dust removal), a hydraulic motor and a centrifugal fan producing an airflow of 500m3/h for a cab measuring 2.10m3 (i.e. complete air exchange 238 times per hour). The principle is illustrated by diagrams.
Travail et sécurité, Oct. 1977, No.10, p.458-460. Illus.

CIS 78-1268 Berlin M., Sprigade H.
Measurement of vibration load at workplaces in transport vehicles
Messung der Vibrationsbelastung an Arbeitsplätzen im Verkehrswesen [in German]
After a brief medical introduction on vibration injuries a vibration load measure based on the dose principle is derived. This led to development of a portable battery-powered vibration dosemeter permitting weighted measurement of whole-body or local vibration. The question of storing measurement data and the connection of vibration measurement devices is discussed.
Verkehrsmedizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1977, Vol.24, No.7, p.262-274. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 78-1165 Good practices for employees - Auto body repair shops.
This little, well-illustrated booklet contains advice on housekeeping, welding, grinding, hydraulic jacks and lifts, hand tools, air contaminants, epoxy plastics, solvents, spray painting, transfer of flammable liquids, noise, glazing, radiator repair, precautions with fuel tanks, personal protective equipment, fire safety, and first aid.
DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No.77-229, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA, Aug. 1977. 34p. Illus.

CIS 78-979 Malinskaja N.N., Volkova Z.A., Evdokimova I.B., Frolova T.P.
Effect of low-frequency whole-body vibration on the female haemodynamic system
Vlijanie obščej nizkočastotnoj vibracii na gemodinamičeskuju sistemu ženskogo organizma [in Russian]
Rheographic studies in 30 young women after a day's work on various types of agricultural tractors showed that low-frequency vibration causes circulatory changes (venous hypotension and blood stasis) in the brain, bone marrow and pelvic organs. The same changes occurred in laboratory exposure to low-frequency vibration in 11 healthy women not exposed to vibration in their work. The changes were more marked during the menstrual period.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1977, No.9, p.4-7. 4 ref.

CIS 78-1147 Nesterov V.A.
Evaluation of health status of professional drivers
Evaluation de l'état de santé des conducteurs professionnels. [in French]
Partial translation of: K ocenke sostojanija zdorov'ja voditelej. Sovetskoe zdravoohranenie, Moskva, USSR, No.5, 1977, p.37-41. Report of a 2-year survey (1974-75) of morbidity with incapacity for work in 100 taxi drivers, compared to the general population. The survey showed a high incidence of respiratory disease, cardiovascular, metabolism, nervous and sensory disease, and psychic disorders. On the basis of electrophysiological data and the characteristics of graphs of variations in their health status, drivers were classified as "not reliable" (8.8%), "somewhat unreliable" (21.2%) and "reliable" (70%) according to their degree of occupational fitness.
Traduction INRS 68 B-77, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1977. 7p.

CIS 78-974 Betzhold C., Gahlau H.
Soundproofing coatings and elements for vehicles and machines
Geräuschdämpfende Beläge und Elemente für Fahrzeuge und Maschinen [in German]
This article deals with problems of resilient mountings for machinery; considerations on the use of soundproofing materials for protection against airborne and structure-borne noise (antidrumming treatment); enumeration of various types of materials with their technical data (modification of noise-absorbent properties in relation to temperature, density), "sandwich" systems and relative thickness of component layers, soundproofing effect at various frequencies. Correct use of soundproofing systems and acoustic defects of elements in current usage.
VDI-Zeitschrift, Düsseldorf, Germany (Fed.Rep), 1977. Vol.119, No.15/16, p.778-783. Illus.

CIS 78-1104 Agricultural tractors - Operator's seating accommodation - Dimensions.
Tracteurs agricoles - Poste de conduite pour conducteur assis - Dimensions. [in French]
This standard, which aims to assist the future design of operator's seating accommodation on agricultural tractors, lays down dimensions for the operator's seat and seating accommodation on agricultural tractors with a track width above 1,2m. Definitions are followed by specifications concerning the adjustment of pedals and steering wheel, positioning of pedals, and dimensions and angles for the operator's seating accommodation.
International Standard ISO 4253-1977(E), International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1st edition, 1 July 1977. 2p. Illus. Price: SF.9.00.

CIS 78-902 Trailers for heavy prefabricated construction elements
Remorques de transport des éléments préfabriqués lourds pour le bâtiment. [in French]
An enumeration of the hazards associated with loading and unloading trailers is followed by general rules for the necessary equipment for access, loading, anchoring the load and unloading. The rules were established by a working group set up in France on the initiative of the Organisation for Safety in Building Construction and Civil Engineering (OPPBTP). Solutions offered by trailer constructors are presented with diagrams.
Cahiers des Comités de prévention du bâtiment et des travaux publics, July-Aug. 1977, No.4, p.178-182. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 78-1162 Ball D.F., Clark J., Ennis J., Maynard R., Purnell C.J.
Some measurements of air quality in garages specialising in the undersealing of motor vehicles.
Conditions in the undersealing bays of 4 garages where motor vehicles are rustproofed are described. Measurements showed 20-200ppm hydrocarbons in the vicinity of the operator during spraying, not including droplets which may be inhaled if no mask is used, or vapour from droplets on masks. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used in the analysis. Toxicity levels for mixed hydrocarbons were not exceeded, but the concentrations were high enough to justify extensive testing in such establishments. Consideration should be given to the ambient temperature, in view of its exponential relation with vapour pressure.
Journal of Occupational Accidents, July 1977, Vol.1, No.3, p.237-244. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 78-879 Bauer E., Leist J.
Work and performance evaluation in a motor vehicle workshop from the occupational medical viewpoint
Arbeits- und Leistungsbewertung am Arbeitsplatz in einer Kfz-Werkstatt aus arbeitsmedizinischer Sicht [in German]
Report of an occupational medical investigation in the motor vehicle industry, more specifically in a workshop for replacing rear axles: subjective complaints and symptoms; work cycle; medical analysis of workload (ergometric principles, measurement and calculation of heat expenditure, microclimate). Recommended modifications in work methods and microclimate.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, June 1977, Vol.12, No.6, p.137-140. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 78-846 Salov A.I., Berkovič Ja.M., Vasil'eva I.I.
Occupational safety and health in road transport workshops (practical calculations)
Ohrana truda na predprijatijah avtomobil'nogo transporta (praktičeskie rasčety) [in Russian]
Collection of formulae and examples of calculations to solve practical safety and health problems arising in these workplaces: air flow for general ventilation, air-conditioning, local exhaust ventilation, etc.; strength of guards for machine-tools; noise level measurement and noise control measures; vibration shock absorbers; capacity and stability of lifting apparatus; natural and artificial lighting; electrical safety; mathematical considerations on fire safety.
Izdatel'stvo "Transport", Basmannyj tup. 6a, Moskva, USSR, 1977. 183p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: Rbl.0.65

CIS 78-539
Central coordinating committee, National Health Insurance Fund (Comité central de coordination, Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie), Paris, 24 June 1977.
Coupling of articulated vehicles
Attelage des véhicules articulés. [in French]
Towing a trailer or semi-trailer involves hazards which often arise from the coupling devices. This recommendation, which is intended to prevent these hazards, concerns the permanent attachment of the trailer coupling to the vehicle by bolting or welding, the design of couplings (in the case of semi-trailers towing should be impossible unless the coupling-pin is correctly in its socket and the closing device is securely locked in position), and their use.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 4th quarter 1977, No.89, Note No.1090-89-77 (Recommendation No.130), p.533-534.

CIS 78-501 Terashima S.
Physiological work load in farm work with powered cultivators.
The walking tractor is still widely used in mountainous villages in Japan. Subjective fatigue symptoms of farmers after cultivating with this machine in paddy fields were mainly localised in the shoulder, back and limbs. Energy consumption during the work was 4-7cal/min according to the walking speed of the operator, which depended on the type of attachments used and soil conditions. From the relationship between heart rate and oxygen requirement the static muscular load seemed to be considerable during machine operation. Polygraphic studies of physiological functions while driving a trailer with the tiller type cultivator indicated considerable mental strain. Summary in English.
Nihon University Medical Journal, 1 Dec. 1976, Vol.35, No.11-12, p.1181-1205. Illus. 41 ref.

CIS 78-537 Le Garo J.
Road transport of toxic and flammable chemicals
Le transport par route des produits chimiques, toxiques et inflammables. [in French]
Communication to the Regional Joint Technical Committee for Materials Transportation and Handling (Lille, France). Road transport of toxic and flammable chemicals involves problems concerning vehicles, products transported, highways and personnel. Statistical data (illustrated by numerous tables) of road transport accidents which occurred in France in 1974 and 1975 (61 and 35 fatal accidents, respectively); materials transported; type of accident; cause of accident, etc., followed by a detailed study of the pertinent French legislation (i.e. the Order of 15 Apr. 1945) (classification of materials, packaging, shipment, loading and handling) and subsequent regulations (warning and identification plates on vehicles, safety and product identification data sheets with manufacturer's name and address, vehicles and vehicle maintenance, prohibitions, routing, drivers' tool kit and training, etc.).
Prévention et sécurité du travail, 3rd quarter 1977, No.113, p.13-32. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 78-387 Dubois-Poulsen A.
Importance of the visual field for work
Importance du champ visuel dans le travail. [in French]
It is pointed out in the introduction that measurement of the visual field is often neglected in occupational medicine. The kinetic and static methods of studying sensitivity in the visual field are succinctly presented. The importance of the visual field for motor vehicle driving is stressed and examples from other occupations given. A brief review of various aspects of the problem and of studies devoted to them follows with a view to defining a theory of optimum workplace design. The lack of national and international standardisation of measurements is an important obstacle.
Travail humain, 1977, Vol.40, No.1, p.1-14. 30 ref.

CIS 78-279 Wolff H.
The need for psychological fitness tests for older motor vehicle drivers
Notwendigkeit verkehrspsychologischer Fahrtauglichkeitsuntersuchungen für alternde Kraftfahrer [in German]
The problem involved in aging, driving experience and fitness to drive is discussed. Statistical studies show drivers after the 6th decade to be a special risk, together with those in the 18-25-year age group. Age-linked difficulties of adaptation lead physicians to recommend these drivers for psychological fitness tests. Proposed indications for such referral are age-induced speech deficiencies, intellectual symptoms, variability or loss of vitality, egocentric behaviour and deficient subjective estimation of ability.
Verkehrsmedizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1977, Vol.24, No.3, p.99-104. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 78-271 Koschlig G.
Fitness examinations with aging
Zur Tauglichkeitsdiagnostik bei Altersveränderungen [in German]
Three screening procedures are proposed for fitness testing of motor vehicle drivers with increasing age. They permit evaluation of short-term memory, IQ and memory performance. Each test takes 3 min. Even one such test is useful for assessment of the need for further psychiatric and psychological examinations.
Verkehrsmedizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1977, Vol.24, No.3, p.93-98. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 78-202 Four-wheeled agricultural tractors
Vierwielige trekkers in de landbouw [in Dutch]
These directives cover the following points: safety frames and cabs (choice and approval; marking; notice warning the driver to grip the steering wheel in case of tractor overturning); driver's seat; pedals; protection against inadvertent starting; coupling devices; power take-off shaft; choice of less noisy tractors and wearing of hearing protection; safe working methods (starting; operation; precautions to avoid rearing or overturning; coupling and uncoupling, etc.); special safety rules; review of Netherlands legislation.
P No.29, Labour Inspectorate, General Directorate of Labour (Arbeidsinspectie, Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid), Voorburg, Netherlands, 7th edition, 1977. 14p. Illus. Price: Glds.0.50.

CIS 78-241 Ribeaucourt M.
Safety in small automobile repair shops
La sécurité dans les petits ateliers de réparations automobiles [in French]
Communication submitted to the National Joint Technical Committee for the Metal Trades (Lille, France), reviewing the hazards due to: type of premises, which are often old, cluttered up and untidy, with inadequate lighting and insufficient heating; installation and equipment (unsafe electrical installations; vehicle inspection pits: hazard of falling, fire and explosion hazards; vehicle inspection lifts); gas welding; use of compressed air; changing of tyres and wheels; charging batteries; engine testing; coachwork (painting, etc.); miscellaneous repair work. Safe working methods are proposed.
Prévention et sécurité du travail, 2nd quarter 1977, No.112, p.13-23. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 78-221 Airport vehicular traffic.
Recommendations are made for rule-making on airports by local authorities: airport traffic committees, definitions of terms, operating requirements and driving rules (vehicles: driver's permit, driver's and vehicle identification, prohibited vehicles, inspection, maintenance, vehicle lights and radio equipment; personnel: speed limits, prohibition of passenger riding, enforcement of driving rules, distance between 2 vehicles, visibility, aircraft right-of-way, permits-to-drive in restricted areas, precautions for fuelling operations, etc.), and traffic control.
Data Sheet 539, Revision A, National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, USA, 1977. 6p. Illus.

CIS 77-1950 Clausen J., Rastogi S.C.
Heavy metal pollution among autoworkers. I. Lead - II. Cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, and nickel.
Reports on controlled studies in 216 automobile repair workers. Blood lead levels (p.208-215) were raised in 59% and >80µg/100ml in 9%. Sources of airborne lead were lead particulates and high-pressure-resistant lubricants containing lead naphthenate. There was a significant relation between raised PbB levels and reduced ALAD activity. Results of blood analyses and medical examinations are also given. The lead content of various unused and used oils is listed. Part II (p.216-220) reports normal cadmium and copper levels and significantly raised chromium and nickel levels in the blood of exposed workers. Heavy metal content of the workshop air is given, and sources of pollution discussed in the light of the literature.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1977, Vol.34, No.3, p.208-220. Illus. 63 ref.

CIS 77-1989 Pinheiro F.P., Bensabath G., Rosa A.P.A.T., Lainson R., Shaw J.J., Ward R., Fraiha H., Moraes M.A.P., Gueiros Z.M., Lins Z.C., Mendes R.
Public health hazards among workers along the Trans-Amazon highway.
Communication to the Symposium on geography and occupational health (Brighton, United Kingdom, 14-19 Sep. 1975), reporting results of a permanent surveillance programme begun in Nov. 1972 in the Altamira area (Pará State). Serological studies on arbovirus infections; investigation of haemorrhagic syndrome of Altamira (163 cases were noted in the Altamira area in 3 years); prevalence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, including problems of prevention and control; malaria; schistosomiasis; blastomycosis; histoplasmosis; leptospirosis.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1977, Vol.19, No.7, p.490-497. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 77-2044 Emergency exits in drivers' cabs of vehicles and earthmoving equipment
Liikkuvien työkoneiden ohjaamoiden poistumistiet [in Finnish]
Utrymningsvägar från rörliga arbetsmaskiners styrhytter [in Swedish]
Drivers' cabs of tractors, excavators and other vehicles operated on ice or marshy land (peat bogs, etc.) must have an emergency trapdoor in the roof and at least 2 side exits. All these exits must have an opening of at least 550x650m and must be easy to open in case the vehicle founders or is sucked down.
Kiertokirje 5/77, National Board of Occupational Safety and Health (Työsuojeluhallitus), Tampere, Finland, 2 May 1977. 2p.

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