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Road transportation - 1,331 entries found

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1992

CIS 92-1350 Acoustics - Agricultural and forestry wheeled tractors and self-propelled machines - Measurement of noise emitted when in motion
Acoustique - Tracteurs agricoles et forestiers à roues et machines automotrices - Mesurage du bruit émis en mouvement [in French]
This standard specifies a method for measuring the A-weighted sound pressure level of noise emitted by tractors with rubber tyres, the noise being measured while the tractor is in motion.
International Organization for Standardization, Case postale 56, 1211 Genève 20, Switzerland, 1992. 4p.

CIS 92-1315 Proposals for the Road Traffic (Training of Drivers of Vehicles Carrying Dangerous Goods) Regulations
Proposed regulations issued by the British Health and Safety Commission for the training of drivers of vehicles carrying dangerous goods are summarised. The regulations are necessary for implementation of the provisions of European Directive 89/684/EEC (see CIS 92-1087) and apply to the carriage of any dangerous substance or flammable liquid, including those substances with a flash point of between 55 and 100°C not otherwise classified as dangerous, and certain hazardous wastes. The regulations include stipulations for vehicle operators, instruction and training of drivers, vocational training certificates, and training requirements.
Industrial Safety Data File, Mar. 1992, p.F:31:1-F:31:5.

CIS 92-1043 Ueda T., Hashimoto M., Kurimoto T., Kosaka M., Higashida T., Hara I.
A study on work and daily life factors affecting the health of taxi drivers
Takushī untensha no kenkō ni oyobosu rōdō-seikatsu yōin ni kansuru kenkyū [in Japanese]
A questionnaire survey was distributed to 5,523 taxi drivers, of whom 311 also underwent health examinations. A system of multivariate analysis called Quantification II was performed, with dependent variables being blood pressure, the number of subjective symptoms and fatigue on rising, and independent variables based on work and daily life conditions. Hypertension risk increased with degree of obesity. Both employment as a taxi driver for 1-4yrs and over 20yrs of taxi driving were positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Common factors to all types of work shifts related to an increase in the number of subjective symptoms were irregularity of meals, insufficient rest on days off, large number of years in taxi driving, frequent frightening experiences while driving and comparatively short driving distances in one shift. Common factors to all types of work shifts that were connected with fatigue at the time of rising were insufficient rest on days off and long years in taxi driving.
Japanese Journal of Public Health, 15 Jan. 1992, Vol.39, No.1, p.11-21. 19 ref.

CIS 92-994 Boulanger P., Donati P., Galmiche J.P., Christ E., Kaulbars U.
The vibration environment of the lorry driver seat
L'environnement vibratoire au poste de conduite des camions [in French]
The purpose of this study was to assess vibration hazards at the lorry driver seat. A wide range of lorries was chosen to cover the different types of vehicles and technologies (conventional cabs, "low-frequency" suspended cabs) and the most widely used loading methods. Comparison of vibration measurements carried out on the floor at the base of the seat shows how effectively "low-frequency" suspended cabs reduce vertical vibration tansmitted to the driver. Measurements taken on the driver's seat, however, indicate that the vertical suspension of lorry driver seats is frequently inadequate. The application of the new French standard NF R 18-401 concerning a vibration testing code for suspended seats should help to remedy this situation.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 1st Quarter 1992, No.146, Note No.1869-146-92, p.35-42. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 92-1018 Road transport in factories and similar workplaces
This guidance note, a revision of the 1978 edition (see CIS 80-612), gives information on: movement of vehicles on industrial premises; design and layout of roads and parking areas; pedestrian hazards; lighting; speed limits; road signs; types of vehicles (lorries, articulated lorries, tippers, tractors, privately owned vehicles); design of vehicles; maintenance; driver selection and training; safe driving; reversing; signals for guidance of drivers; tipping of loads; loading and unloading; falls of persons from vehicles and loads; overhead power lines.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1992. 12p. Illus. Price: GBP 2.50.

1991

CIS 05-348
Health and Safety Executive
Health and safety in motor vehicle repair
This guidance booklet describes the hazards and precautions associated with mechanical and body vehicle repair. It provides practical advice on how to organize safety and health in garages and explains the relevant legislation. Topics covered include: servicing and mechanical repair tasks (lifting equipment, electrical safety, compressed air equipment, vehicle inspection pits, petrol fires, steam and water pressure cleaners); body repair (flame cutting and welding, noise and vibration, body filling and preparation); painting (storing and mixing paints, spray booths and curing ovens); organizing health and safety (law, safety policies, accidents and emergencies, control of exposure to toxic substances, general working environment). Replaces CIS 91-1908.
HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 1991 (reprinted with amendments 2002). 55p. Illus. 54 ref. Price: GBP 5.50.

CIS 95-513
Health and Safety Executive
Off guard
This videotape examines the safety issues involved in operating machinery with power take-off shafts.
CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1991. Videotape. Length: 11min. Price: GBP 11.49 (hire), GBP 38.30 (sale). ###

CIS 95-471
Health and Safety Executive
Health and safety in motor vehicle repair
CFL Vision, P.O. Box 35, Wetherby LS23 7EX, United Kingdom, 1991. Videotape. Length: 17min. Price: GBP 19.15 (hire), GBP 42.13 (sale). ###

CIS 94-930 Code of practice on safety and health in roadworks, excavation, sewer maintenance and renovation works
This code of practice outlines safety and health hazards and precautions during: roadworks (pneumatic tools, noise, vibration, work with asphalt and cement, exposure to carbon monoxide, heat stress, manual lifting, temporary lighting, work with solvents); excavation and trenching (general safety provisions, support of excavation edges, dust, gases and vapours); sewer maintenance (precautions in confined spaces); renovation works (means of access and egress, fire hazards, falling objects, machinery guarding, hand tools and portable power driven tools, welding and flame cutting, electrical hazards, demolition, painting, work with asbestos, wood, adhesives and corrosive chemicals).
Ministry of Labour, 18 Havelock Road, Singapore 0105, Republic of Singapore, 1991. viii, 31p.

CIS 94-683 Irresberger G.
Electromagnetic compatibility - An indispensable requirement for safety reasons as well
Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) - auch sicherheitstechnisch unerlässlich! [in German]
The effects of electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of radio stations and radio transmitters on traffic are illustrated by some research results. For example, truck accidents caused by loss of control during brake application could be traced to a radio transmitter in a passing car. The electromagnetic field of the radio transmitter interfered with the electronically controlled brakes of the truck. A Faraday cage installed on the motorway outside Saarbrücken, Germany, is described. Its purpose is to shield off the electromagnetic field produced by a 1200kW radio station in the vicinity.
Sicherheitsingenieur, 1991, Vol.22, No.6, p.20-24. Illus.

CIS 94-134 Safe repair
Sicher reparieren [in German]
Lavori di riparazione [in Italian]
Réparer en toute sécurité [in French]
This booklet describes safe working methods applicable to automobile repair and maintenance shops, service stations for light and heavy vehicles, repair and maintenance shops or agricultural equipment and enterprises handling any of these vehicles. It expands on the information given in booklet CFST 6203 (see CIS 94-133). It may be used for training. Points covered: premises and equipment, handling of products and materials (cleaning agents, paints, etc.), working methods and behaviour, Swiss regulations.
Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit, Richtlinien-Büro, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1991. 47p. Illus.

CIS 94-133 Accidents are no accident!
Unfall - kein Zufall! [in German]
Non c'è infortunio senza causa! [in Italian]
L'accident n'arrive pas par hasard! [in French]
This booklet describes safe working methods applicable to automobile repair and maintenance shops, service stations for light and heavy vehicles, repair and maintenance shops for agricultural equipment and enterprises that handle any of these vehicles. It may be used for training.
Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit, Richtlinien-Büro, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1991. 38p. Illus.

CIS 93-1330 The American Table of Distances
This guidance note tabulates the American Table of Distances for the storage of explosive materials as revised and approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives June 1991. Distances for various quantities of explosive materials are given for inhabited buildings, public highways and passenger railways and for separation of magazines. An appendix covers recommended separation distances of ammonium nitrate and blasting agents from explosives or blasting agents.
Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1120 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036-3605, USA, June 1991. 16p. Illus.

CIS 93-1082 Health and Safety - The Packaging of Explosives for Carriage Regulations 1991 [United Kingdom]
These Regulations make new provisions for the safe packaging of explosives for carriage by all means of transport (except by air and sea). Packagings containing not more than 400kg of explosives must be packaged in accordance with United Nations Recommendations. Systems are established for the testing and marking of packagings.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1991. 10p. Price: GBP 2.60.

CIS 93-549 Zaebst D.D., Clapp D.E., Blade L.M., Marlow D.A., Steenland K., Hornung R.W., Scheutzle D., Butler J.
Quantitative determination of trucking industry workers' exposures to diesel exhaust particles
Exposures to diesel aerosol in the trucking industry were measured among the four major exposed job groups: road drivers, local drivers, dock workers, and mechanics. Industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at eight terminals and truck repair shops. Overall geometric mean exposure to submicrometer-sized elemental carbon ranged from 3.8µg/m3 in road (long distance) drivers (N=72) to 13.8µg/m3 in dock workers (N=75). Geometric mean background area concentrations, measured in the same cities where workers were sampled, were 2.5µg/m3 on major highways (N=21) and 1.1µg/m3 in residential areas (N=23). A factoral analysis of variance indicated that exposures in dock workers and mechanics were significantly higher than background concentrations and significantly higher than the exposures in the local and road drivers. The exposures of the truck drivers could not be distinguished from background highway concentrations but were significantly higher than background concentrations in residential areas.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec. 1991, Vol.52, No.12, p.529-541. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 93-250 Costellati L., Guglielmin A.M., Calisti R., Sgarzi A., Ghelli C.
Dispersion of asbestos fibres and MMMF inside truck cabs - Possible exposure of truck drivers
Dispersione di fibre di asbesto e di fibre minerali artificiali (MMMF) all'interno della cabina di guida di autocarri - Una possibile esposizione degli autotrasportatori [in Italian]
Tests on samples of braided asbestos cord used in truck exhaust systems revealed a constant presence of chrysotile. Amosite fibres were also observed in many of the samples. Following a case of asbestosis in a truck driver, it was assumed that asbestos fibres could reach the driver's cab through the openings of the ventilation and heating system and also through the spaces between the bonnet and the floor of the driver's cab. Dust samples taken in the driver's cab of ten trucks revealed the presence of asbestos fibres in three cases; MMMF were present in seven cases, very likely originating from the noise insulation panelling. It is therefore suggested that there is a possible risk for truck drivers of exposure to asbestos and MMMF fibres dispersed inside the driver's cab.
Medicina del lavoro, Nov.-Dec. 1991, Vol.82, No.6, p.510-514. 6 ref.

CIS 92-1915 XXIst National Congress of Occupational Medicine, Rouen, France, 12-15 June 1990 - Theme No.1: Aptitude to work
XXIes Journées nationales de médecine du travail, Rouen, France, 12-15 juin 1990 - Thème n°1: Aptitude au travail [in French]
This special issue includes reports, communications and posters presented at the 21st National Congress of Occupational Medicine held in Rouen, France, from 12 to 15 June 1990. Theme 1 was aptitude to work. The papers discussed focused mainly on the role of occupational medicine and on difficulties which exist in connection with the problem of aptitude to work.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1991, Vol.52, No.2, p.77-146. Bibl.ref.

CIS 92-1789 Snowblowers - Directive [Switzerland]
Schneefräsen und Schneeschleudern - Richtlinie [in German]
Frasatrici sgombraneve e lancianeve - Direttive [in Italian]
Fraiseuses à neige et turbines à neige - Règles [Suisse] [in French]
This Directive applies to the safe use of various kinds of snow-blowing equipment used to clear snow off roads. Main topics covered: types of machinery covered; means of protection (against moving parts, burns, exhaust gases, noise, flying debris); machine safety; machine controls, safe use; maintenance. List of other applicable legislation and standards. Extensive commentary.
Eidgenössische Koordinationskommission für Arbeitssicherheit, Richtlinienbüro, Fluhmattstrasse 1, Postfach, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland, 1991. 27p. Illus.

CIS 92-1924
Centro de Experimentación y Seguridad Vial (MAPFRE, Avila, Spain)
Safety and health in automobile repainting workshops
Seguridad e higiene en talleres de repintado de automóviles [in Spanish]
The importance of prevention, including personal protection measures, for workers who perform painting in automobile repair shops is discussed. Explosions and fires, and contamination by substances hazardous to health are identified as major hazards in painting areas. To this effect, preventive measures are recommended. In particular, the following prevention methods against fires and explosions are recommended: reduction of the inflammation sources and availability of fire-fighting equipment. Safety signs as a constant reminder of the hazards and the use of personal protective equipment are discussed.
Mapfre seguridad, 4th Quarter 1991, No.44, p.15-21. Illus.

CIS 92-1612 Goldfield J., Sheehy J.W., Gunter B.J., Daniels W.J.
Cost-effective radiator repair ventilation control
High airborne lead levels in radiator repair shops and high blood lead levels among those workers are not uncommon. The article describes a cost-effective ventilation enclosure over the water bath that is used to leak test radiators. An opening in front of the enclosure allows the mechanic to repair the radiator inside. A propeller fan mounted in the rear of the enclosure exhausts the air. The effectiveness of the enclosure was evaluated by collecting short-term and time-weighted average personal breathing zone samples for lead at a controlled work station. Lead exposures during radiator repair at the controlled work station averaged 9.9µg/m3, 20% of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). Samples taken at an uncontrolled work station averaged 435µg/m3, 45 times higher than those at the controlled station.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Nov. 1991, Vol.6, No.11, p.959-965. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 92-1596 Grandjean P., Andersen O.
Lung cancer in filling station attendants
At the Danish census on 9 November 1970, 4,055 men and 1,195 women aged 20-64 years indicated an employment that was coded as retail sale of oil and gasoline; almost all individuals probably worked as filling station attendants. Record linkage at Danmarks Statistik showed that 529 of these men died during the following 17 years. Respiratory cancer (75 deaths) was the only cause of death that showed a significant excess (SMR: 1,58; 95% CI, 1.25-2.00) when compared with all men gainfully employed at the time of the census. An increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease could not be related to any particular diagnostic subgroup; mortality in women did not differ from expected rates. These results are in accordance with data from other countries on occupational groups exposed to high levels of exhaust fumes.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1991, Vol.20, No.6, p.763-768. 12 ref.

CIS 92-1645 Norseth T., Waage J., Dale I.
Acute effects and exposure to organic compounds in road maintenance workers exposed to asphalt
Subjective symptoms and exposure to organic compounds were recorded in road repair and construction workers. Abnormal fatigue, reduced appetite, laryngeal/pharyngeal irritation, and eye irritation were recorded more often in such workers handling asphalt than in a corresponding reference group without asphalt exposure. Mean daily exposure to volatile compounds was only occasionally above 1ppm. Mean exposure to asphalt fume was 0.358mg/m3. There was no correlation between symptoms and total amount of volatile compounds, but a significant positive correlation was demonstrated between symptoms and some substances. The highest correlation was found for 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene. Symptoms increased with increasing asphalt temperature, concentrations of asphalt fumes but were not related to external factors like weather, traffic density, or specific working operations. As preventive measures, asphalt temperature should be kept below 150°C, fume concentrations below 0.40mg/m3, and if possible, the use of harder asphalt types which also require high temperatures should be avoided.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1991, Vol.20, No.6, p.737-744. 14 ref.

CIS 92-1201 Rafnsson V., Gunnarsdóttir H.
Mortality among professional drivers
The mortality of truck drivers and taxi drivers was studied in Reykjavik (Iceland). The national mortality rate was used for comparison, and the follow-up lasted until 1 December 1988. The 868 truck drivers (28,788.0 person-years) had an excess of lung cancer deaths (24 observed, 11.2 expected, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 2.14), but fewer deaths than expected from respiratory diseases (15 observed versus 30.1 expected). The SMR from lung cancer did not steadily increase as the duration of employment increased, nor did it change with the length of follow-up. The SMR values did not deviate substantially from unity for the taxi drivers. Since the high mortality from lung cancer among the truck drivers did not seem to be due to their smoking habits, it might have been caused by one or more occupational factors, especially in light of this group's exposure to engine exhaust gases.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1991, Vol.17, No.5, p.312-317. 29 ref.

CIS 92-1206 Stansburg T.D.
COSHH in workshops and garages
The use of modern materials in motor vehicles and the hazards associated with them require continual vigilance in order to protect the health, safety and well-being of workers in garages and workshops. The British COSHH regulations (see CIS 89-1092) are designed to ensure that this protection is provided. This article describes a surveillance programme for the protection of workers of the Automobile Association working in maintenance garages.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1991, Vol.35, No.4, p.439-442. Illus. 1 ref.

CIS 92-1382 Chatterjee S., Bandyopadhyay A.
Effect of vibrating steering on grip strength in heavy vehicle drivers
The grip strength in both hands of 32 heavy vehicle drivers and 22 non-drivers was investigated, along with blood pressure, heart rate and other physical parameters. The right and left wrist power of heavy vehicle drivers was found to be respectively 6% and 3% higher than that of non-drivers, while mean blood pressure, heart rate and wrist width were almost the same. The authors concluded that vibrating steering probably has no influence on grip strength and that performing 8h of driving daily does not affect blood pressure and heart rate in heavy vehicle drivers. However, further studies are needed to determine the influence of vibrating steering on grip strength.
Journal of Human Ergology, June 1991, Vol.20, No.1, p.77-84. 10 ref.

CIS 92-1204 Hedberg G., Jacobsson K.A., Langendoen S., Nyström L.
Mortality in circulatory diseases, especially ischaemic heart disease, among Swedish professional drivers: A retrospective cohort study
In a cohort study of 1731 Swedish professional drivers the Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMR) for circulatory diseases and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) were found to be significantly higher (SMR=127 and 138 respectively) than in a reference group of Swedish males. Findings are consistent with earlier studies and it is concluded that further investigations are necessary to determine risk factors for this excess mortality due to IHD among professional drivers.
Journal of Human Ergology, June 1991, Vol.20, No.1, p.1-5. 13 ref.

CIS 92-1289 Rödelsperger V., Woitowitz H.J.
Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz
Exposure to asbestos during the servicing of brakes
Asbestgefährdung in Bremsendiensten [in German]
For cars, trucks and buses the respirable asbestos concentrations during brake servicing operations such as blowing out the drum, grinding and turning were determined. Using these results and the occupational histories of 310 vehicle mechanics in 119 vehicle repair shops, an average exposure of 21 years and a mean cumulative fibre dose of (0.55±0.95) x 106 fibres/m3 per year were obtained. Although the present knowledge of dose-effect relationships yields no higher risk for this level of exposure, 10 mechanics were reported to have died of mesothelioma since 1980 in one hospital in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, Am Alten Hafen 113-115, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, Germany, 1991. 72p. Illus. 54 ref. Price: DEM 16.50.

CIS 92-1290 Hazardous substances: Safety in transport and warehousing
Gefährliche Arbietsstoffe: Sicherheit bei Transport und Lagerung - 14. Internationales Kolloquium [in German]
Proceedings of the 14th international symposium on the prevention of occupational risks in the chemical industry: safety in transport and warehousing of hazardous substances held in Frankfurt, Germany, 10-12 June 1991. Topics covered include: in-plant transport (safety of chemical containers; tank transport of hazardous goods; cleaning of tank wagons, tanker trucks and transport containers; loading and unloading of liquid hazardous goods); transport outside the plant (response to transport accidents in the USA, Switzerland and Germany; evaluation of product properties; safety superstructures and safety containers; road transport risks and improvement possibilities; psychophysiological aspects of the transport of hazardous materials; review and analysis of transportation accidents); warehousing (guidelines for safe warehousing of hazardous materials; combined storage of chemicals). Only abstracts (in German, English and French) are provided for many of the communications.
International Section of the ISSA for the Prevention of Occupational Risks in the Chemical Industry, Gaisbergstrasse 11, D-W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany, 1991. 295p. Illus. Bibl.ref.

CIS 92-1037 Miller J.M., Lehto M.R., Rhoades T.P.
Prediction of slip resistance in climbing systems
The objective of this study was to develop a predictive model describing the slip resistance of various climbing surfaces. In a four-factor experiment, seven commonly used metal grating step surfaces were evaluated, along with four types of shoe soles (crepe, leather, ribbed-rubber, and oil-resistant-rubber); three contaminant conditions (dry, wet-water, and diesel fuel); and direction of force application. The results showed that the available slip resistance coefficients (ASRC) varied primarily as a function of sole material and contaminants. This result and the significant interactions between sole and step surfaces suggest that the appropriate selection of shoe soles and control of contaminants may be the most effective way of attaining adequate ASRC values.
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, July 1991, Vol.7, No.4, p.287-301. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 92-811 Guidelines for automotive lifts
This training brochure contains general information and minimum requirements for the safe operation of in-ground and surface-mounted automotive lifts. It is intended to reflect and support health and safety training programmes for workers in the automobile manufacturing and servicing industry. Separate sections include: actions to take before the lift; types of lift; lifting the vehicle; maintaining load stability; lowering the vehicle; lift maintenance; personal protective equipment.
Manitoba Labour, Workplace Safety and Health Branch, 1000-330 St. Mary Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 3Z5, Canada, 1991. 31p. Illus.

CIS 92-884 Michaels D., Zoloth S.R.
Mortality among urban bus drivers
The causes of death of 376 New York City bus drivers were studied in order to investigate the health hazards associated with this occupation. Analyses of proportionate mortality found a significant excess due to ischaemic heart disease in white and non-white drivers combined (proportionate mortality ratio PMR=1.23), and among the 58 non-white drivers (PMR=1.72). A significantly elevated risk of death from mental, psychoneurotic and personality disorders was also found in the combined group (PMR=2.86), and among the white drivers (PMR=3.05). For all drivers, PMRs for all malignant neoplasms (PMR=1.26) and for cancer of the oesophagus (PMR=2.54) were significantly elevated. No cancer sites were found to be significantly elevated in the proportionate mortality analyses by race.
International Journal of Epidemiology, June 1991, Vol.20, No.2, p.399-404. 45 ref.

CIS 92-555 Goergens H.W., Kurosinski I., Hajimiragha H., Ewers U., Brockhaus A.
Exposure of vehicle inspectors and repairmen to benzene and other extremely volatile aromatic hydrocarbons
Belastung von Kraftfahrzeugprüfern und -mechanikern durch Benzol und andere leichtflüchtige aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe [in German]
In 18 vehicle repairmen and 14 vehicle inspectors the levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-, m- and p-xylene in venuous blood were measured. Compared with the control group of 30 residents of a suburban area the vehicle repairmen had significantly elevated benzene and toluene concentrations. The vehicle inspectors, too, had elevated levels in comparison to the control group. All levels were below the limits valid in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, Feb. 1991, Vol.26, No.2, p.50-54. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 92-427 Traffic safety measures in our company
Waga sha no kōtsū anzen taisaku [in Japanese]
The following 3 points are common keys to attain the goal of accident prevention: (1) the necessity of measures must be understood by company management, i.e., commitment by the whole company; (2) the company should show leadership in management organisations, stimulating them to issue directives and orders for safety to all employees, including vehicle drivers; and (3) small group activities in workplaces must be promoted, with drivers as the main target.
Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, 5-31-1 Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan, 20 Mar. 1991. 180p. Illus. Price: JPY 1100.

CIS 92-491 Social and legal protection of inland transport workers - Report II
La protection sociale et juridique des travailleurs des transports internes - Rapport II [in French]
An ILO report providing information for the 12th Session (1992) of the ILO Inland Transport Committee in Geneva. The report concentrates on workers engaged in international road transport, with a special focus on practices in Europe. Contents: conditions of employment; hours of work and leave; general safety and health guarantees; protection during the transport of chemicals, dangerous goods and hazardous wastes; legal problems; transport conditions and their effects on workers; social protection of transport workers abroad.
ILO Publications, International Labour Office, 1211 Genève 22, Switzerland, 1991. 16p. Bibl.ref. Price: CHF 10.00.

CIS 92-146 Rosengren A., Anderson K., Wilhelmsen L.
Risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged male bus and tram drivers compared to men in other occupations: A prospective study
In the Gothenburg Primary Prevention Study the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 103 bus and tram drivers was compared with that of 6596 men in other occupation groups. The follow-up extended through a mean of 11.8 years. Bus and tram drivers had an incidence of CHD of 18.4% compared with 6.4% among the other men in the study; odds ratio (OR) 3.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-5.5). The only other group with an increase in risk of similar magnitude was that of taxi drivers; OR 3.1 (1.6-6.2). In this population, being a bus or tram driver was an independent predictor of CHD of considerable magnitude. The increased risk in taxi drivers was not significant in multivariate analysis.
International Journal of Epidemiology, Mar. 1991, Vol.20, No.1, p.82-87. 27 ref.

CIS 92-337 Piazzi A., Bollino G., Mattioli S.
Spinal disease in self-employed truck drivers
Patologia del rachide negli autotrasportatori artigiani [in Italian]
The driving of trucks (lorries) requires sitting in a fixed posture for prolonged periods. Such conditions involve exposure to whole-body vibrations. In addition, during loading and unloading operations, often done by hand, there is a further excess load on the spine. The results of an investigation on the frequency of spinal disorders among self-employed truck drivers are reported. 606 truck drivers belonging to a trade union were interviewed and 63 subjects using the methods proposed by the "Ergonomics of Posture and Movement Research Unit" of the "Clinical del Lavoro" of Milan were examined. There was an increased frequency of herniated disks among the drivers and the risk was 4 times higher compared to the control population. The frequency of functional spondyloarthropathy of the cervical and lumbar segments was particularly high, especially in the older age classes (71.4% and 35.7%). It is concluded that diseases of the lumbar spine lead in a very large number of cases to permanent working incapacity among truck drivers before pensionable age.
Medicina del lavoro, Mar.-Apr. 1991, Vol.82, No.2, p.122-130. 14 ref.

CIS 91-1908
Health and Safety Executive
Health and safety in motor vehicle repair
This guidance booklet describes the hazards and precautions associated with mechanical and body vehicle repair. Contents: servicing and mechanical repair (lifting equipment, electrical safety, compressed air equipment, vehicle inspection pits, petrol fires, brake and clutch linings, wheels and tyres, batteries and chargers, used engine oils, engine running, rolling road and brake testing equipment, moving and testing road vehicles, vehicle valeting, steam and water pressure cleaners); body repair (flamecutting and welding, noise and vibration, body filling and preparation); painting (storing and mixing paints, isocyanates spray booths and curing ovens); organising health and safety (law, safety policies, accidents and emergencies, control of exposure to toxic substances, general working environment).
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1991. 57p. Illus. 104 ref. Price: GBP 4.50.

CIS 91-2046 Campbell K.L.
Fatal accident involvement rates by driver age for large trucks
Analysis of survey data on fatal accidents involving large trucks shows that fatal accident involvement rates for drivers of large trucks increase with decreasing driver age. Other factors known to have significant influences on the probability of involvement in a fatal accident were examined (day/night driving, truck type, road type, rural/urban area), but the general pattern of over-involvement for younger drivers was found to pervade virtually every combination of factors examined. Although the analysis does not identify the underlying causes of the over-involvement of younger drivers, it does illuminate the likely consequences of lowering the minimum age for commercial truck drivers.
Accident Analysis and Prevention, Aug. 1991, Vol.23, No.4, p.287-295. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 91-1687 Dupuis H., Haverkamp M., Hartung E.
Evaluation of percussive vibration effects
Stosshaltige Schwingungen untersucht [in German]
The results of field and laboratory studies of the effects of whole-body vibrations containing impulses are summarised. Such vibrations occur for example on earthmoving machines, forklifts and tractors. The effect of these vibrations on the body is greater in a sitting posture than in a standing one, and they are more stressful than impulse-free vibrations.
Bundesarbeitsblatt, 3 Jan. 1991, No.1, p.18-23. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 91-1702 Paureau J., Jacqmin M.
Securing of steel industry products on road transport vehicles
Arrimage des produits sidérurgiques sur véhicules routiers [in French]
This article describes the optimal way used for the securing of steel-industry products in road-transport vehicles, particularly to provide for safety when braking or in curves.
Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 2nd Quarter 1991, No.143, Note No.1829-143-91, p.243-261. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 91-1188
Health and Safety Executive
Health and safety in tyre and exhaust fitting premises
Contents of this guide: legal duties and the statutory examination of plant; staff training; reporting accidents, diseases and other incidents; first aid provision; occupational health in relation to the COSHH Regulations, exposure to asbestos and lead, and noise control; general working environment (heating, lighting, ventilation, sanitary and washing facilities); safe storage of tyres and exhaust; precautions for under-vehicle access, tyre servicing, battery charging and use of various machinery and equipment; electrical safety; safety during the moving of vehicles, road testing of cars and attending roadside breakdowns. Includes a list of relevant British standards and Codes of Practice.
HMSO Books, P.O. Box 276, London SW8 5DT, United Kingdom, 1991. 30p. Illus. Price: GBP 3.50.

1990

CIS 95-30 Vehicle inspection lifts [Norway]
Billøftere [in Norwegian]
This directive concerns the safety requirements of mobile or stationary lifts used for the lifting of vehicles. Main topics: technical obligations, lifting heights, speed, supports, moving parts, controls, safety devices, information and warnings to be affixed to lifts, use and maintenance. The directive came into force Sep. 1975 (CIS 77-14) with changes in 1979 and 1980.
Direktoratet for Arbeidstilsynet, Fr. Nansens vei 14, Postboks 8103 Dep, 0032 Oslo 1, Norway, 3rd ed., Dec. 1990. 12p. Illus.

CIS 93-438 Safe work procedures for highway asphalt paving operations
Responsibilities and qualifications of personnel as well as requirements for paving equipment and operations are detailed in this booklet. Diagrams indicating typical worker locations for different types of highways are included.
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety, 5th Floor, 4920 - 51 Street, Red Deer, Alberta T4N 5Y5, Canada, 1990. 32p. Illus.

CIS 92-1617 Machefer J., Bidron P., Guigner P.M.
Exposure of garage mechanics and pump attendants to benzenoid hydrocarbons from motor-fuels
Exposition aux hydrocarbures benzéniques des carburants automobiles chez les mécaniciens et les pompistes [in French]
Exposure of garage mechanics and pump attendants to benzene, toluene and xylene was studied at different seasons of the year by an activated charcoal badge dosimeter and through determination of metabolites in urine. 12% of the mechanics and 14% of pump attendants were exposed to more than 3.2mg benzene per m3 air. Mechanics working in small garages and pump attendants had higher exposures than did controls, and exposure was greater during the autumn and winter than during summer.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1990, Vol.51, No.2, p.89-94. 11 ref.

CIS 92-1616 El Kholti A., Choudat D., Ohl G., Galamand O., Gelle J.M., Chanut J.C., Conso F.
Carbon monoxide levels in ambient air and in exhaled breath - A study of chronic occupational exposure in garages
Intérêts respectifs des dosages de l'oxyde de carbone dans l'air atmosphérique et dans l'air expiré - A propos de l'exposition professionnelle chronique dans les garages [in French]
Carbon monoxide (CO) levels in ambient air and in exhaled breath were measured respectively for 17 non-smoking exposed workers in four automobile repair shops of the Paris area. CO levels in exhaled breath were measured every 30 minutes. CO levels in ambient air fluctuated between 0 and 100ppm according to the job and the effectiveness of the ventilation. CO levels in exhaled breath rose steadily during the shift from 5 to 20ppm.
Archives des maladies professionnelles, 1990, Vol.51, No.4, p.267-270. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 92-734 Standards for operator protective structures (OPS) [Canada - British Columbia]
This is a collection of 9 Standards under the Industrial Health and Safety Regulations of British Columbia (see CIS 88-4) concerning a variety of operator protective structures. The standards covered are: G601 - Log Loader and Log Yarder Backstops; G602 - Log Loader and Log Yarder Raised Cabs; G603 - Log Loader and Log Yarder Window Guards; G604 - Light-Duty Screen Guards for Off-Highway Equipment; G605 - Mobile Equipment Half-Doors; G606 - Boom Boat Operator Protective Structures; G607 - Medium Duty Screen Guard (Front End Log Loader); G608 - Heavy Duty Mobile Equipment Roof Structures; G609 - Light Duty Mobile Equipment Roof Structures. Detailed design, material, and structural requirements are given for each Standard.
Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, British Columbia V7C 1C6, Canada, rev., 1990. 62p. Illus.

CIS 92-584 Knecht U., Woitowitz H.J.
Carcinogenic risk of using pitch bitumen in road construction
Krebsgefährdung bei Verwendung von Pechbitumen im Strassenbau [in German]
Benzo(a)pyrene and 18 other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as 8 tertiary polycyclic aromatic amines were determined in air samples from the breathing zone of workers during the application of pitch bitumen and crude oil bitumen in road construction. In addition, urinary excretion of hydroxypyrene by exposed workers was determined. While no evidence of elevated PAH-emissions during the application of crude oil bitumen was obtained, concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene during use of pitch bitumen reached up to 22µg/m3 (mean 2.18µg/m3). Urinary hydroxypyrene excretion was 25 times higher than in workers using crude oil bitumen.
Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Postfach 10 11 10, D-W-2850 Bremerhaven 1, 1990. 47p. Illus. 11 ref. Price: DM 13.50.

CIS 92-675 Hansson J.E.
Ergonomic check-list for agricultural tractors and machines
Ergonomisk checklista för traktorer och maskiner i jordbruket [in Swedish]
Check-list with commentaries for buyers, users and manufacturers of agricultural tractors and machines. Aspects of the equipment to be evaluated: cabs, drivers' seats, field of view, mounting and dismounting, controls, instruments and signals, noise, vibration, lighting, heating, gases and vapours, coupling of implements and accessories, service and maintenance, overall impressions. Typical Swedish body dimensions are tabulated in an appendix.
Arbetsmiljöinstitutet, Förlagstjänst, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1990. 45p. Illus. 39 ref.

CIS 91-1877 Gustavsson P., Plato N., Lidström E.B., Hogstedt C.
Lung cancer and exposure to diesel exhaust among bus garage workers
Mortality and cancer incidence was investigated among the 695 bus garage workers employed as mechanics, servicemen, or hostlers for at least 6 months in 5 bus garages in Stockholm between 1945 and 1970. The exposure to diesel exhaust and asbestos was estimated by industrial hygienists. A small excess of lung cancer mortality was found in the cohort when occupationally active men in Stockholm were used as the reference group. A case-referent study was performed within the cohort, 6 referents being selected for each of the 20 lung cancer cases. The lung cancer risk increased with increasing cumulative exposure to diesel exhaust, but not with cumulative asbestos exposure. The relative risk for lung cancer among the highly exposed men was 2.4 (95% CI 1.3-4.5) as compared with those with low exposure. The study indicates that exposure to diesel exhaust increases the risk for lung cancer.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1990, Vol.16, No.5, p.348-354. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 91-1937 Ebenig R.
Respirators suitable for the transport of hazardous substances on roads
Geeigneter Atemschutz beim Transport gefährlicher Stoffe auf der Strasse [in German]
This review describes respirators available in Germany for drivers of trucks transporting dangerous substances and the legal requirements concerning them. It is concluded that both supplied air respirators with suitable filters and closed circuit breathing apparatuses comply with existing rules and regulations.
Verkehrs-Rundschau, Sep. 1990, No.39, p.47-53. Illus.

CIS 91-1337 Pickel P., Kaplick C., Göhlich H.
What are the chances of tractors fitted with vibration absorbers?
Welche Chancen haben gefederte Traktoren? [in German]
Present efforts to improve tractors used in agriculture are aimed at increasing safety and reducing the vibration exposure of operators. The advantages and disadvantages of three methods of vibration control are outlined: flexible mounting of agricultural equipment attached to the tractor to deaden vibrations of the cabin; vibration isolation of the driver's seat; flexible, shock-absorbing mounting of the front axle.
Landtechnik, Oct. 1990, Vol.45, No.10, p.363-364, 366. Illus. 7 ref.

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