Diseases of the respiratory system (except for pneumoconiosis & similar) - 2,965 entries found

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• Diseases of the respiratory system (except for pneumoconiosis & similar)

1973

CIS 74-1232 Navrátil M., Dobiáš J.
Development of pleural hyalinosis in long-term studies of persons exposed to asbestos dust.
Pleural hyalinosis was found in 50 former and present employees previously exposed to asbestos dust in a factory manufacturing asbestos products; in 25 of these, asbestosis was present simultaneously. Regular follow-up allowed differentiation of 2 stages in the course of pleural hyalinosis: hyalinosis simplex and hyalinosis complicata. Hyalinosis simplex runs a long-term course with progressive calcification of the pleura without causing complaints or functional disorder. In hyalinosis complicata, exudative inflammation of the pleura occurs with eventual restrictive disturbance of pulmonary ventilation. Hyalinosis complicata was more frequently seen in the group with asbestosis than in the group without asbestosis. 2 cases of pleural mesothelioma were found in the group having hyalinosis complicata.
Environmental Research, Dec. 1973, Vol.6, No.4, p.455-472. Illus. 40 ref.

CIS 74-1310 Hassman P.
The health status of workers in contact with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI)
Zdravotní stav pracujících s difenylmetan-4,4'-diisokyanátem (MDI) [in Czech]
The author studied the health status of 44 workers engaged in the manufacture of products from polyurethane foam based on MDI. After a mean exposure time of 16 months, 43.5% of the persons examined showed exertion dyspnoea which was not accompanied by any changes in the principal indices of pulmonary ventilation (VC, FEV). The author noted, in 70% of the cases, a simple hyperaemia of the conjunctiva and, in 50% of the cases, various abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract which could not be attributed to exposure to MDI. The pre-employment examinations of workers who are to be occupationally exposed to MDI should be completed by yearly ear, nose and throat examinations and spirometric tests. Lung disorders, disorders of the upper respiratory tract, skin diseases and allergies constitute counterindications for working with MDI.
Pracovní lékařství, June 1973, Vol.25, No.6, p.242-244. Illus. 6 ref.

CIS 74-1440 Sklenský B.
5-year trend in lung disorders among steel fettlers
Dynamika rozvoje plicních změn u cidičů odlitků ocelotitiny v průběhu pěti let [in Czech]
63 sandblasters with 9 years occupational exposure and a mean age of 48 years were examined at the beginning and the end of a 5-year period. During this period, the rate of radiographs of lung dust increased from 49 to 57%, the rate of chronic bronchitis from 35 to 57% and the rate of emphysema from 13 to 37%. The occupation of fettler is thus extremely hazardous for the health; it would be advisable to substitute a less hazardous process for it.
Pracovní lékařství, May 1973, Vol.25, No.5, p.204-209. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 74-990 Žuškin E., Valić F.
Respiratory changes in two groups of flax workers with different exposure pattern.
A high mean total concentration of flax particles caused a high prevalence of byssinosis (69.9%) in 55 non-smoking female workers exposed to biologically retted flax over an average period of 11 years. A significant mean FEV_1.0 decrease over the Monday work shift was recorded in both byssinotics and non-byssinotics, more pronounced in the former. Significant decreases in FEV_1.0 and in maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity over the Monday work shift were recorded in 17 seasonal male workers. A high prevalence of chronic bronchitis was found in the flax workers, especially among the byssinotics.
Thorax, Sep. 1973, Vol.28, No.5, p.579-583. 20 ref.

CIS 74-1074 Tanser A.R., Bourke M.P., Blandford A.G.
Isocyanate asthma: respiratory symptoms caused by diphenyl-methane di-isocyanate.
57 employees of a factory using diphenylmethane di-isocyanate (MDI) were investigated. 4 employees had developed hypersensitivity to MDI, of whom 2 had severe and 1 moderate asthma. 10 other employees had experienced unpleasant, mainly respiratory irritant effects from MDI vapour. The finding indicate that there is a significant hazard from MDI but that this can be controlled if appropriate medical and technical precautions are taken.
Thorax, Sep.1973, Vol.28, No.5, p.596-600. 12 ref.

CIS 74-1127 Golusiński J., Szmeja Z., Sowiński H.
Clinical and histochemical examinations of the nasal mucosa in aluminium workers.
Examination of the nasal mucosa in 130 workers of an aluminium electrolysis plant in Poland showed that exposure to hydrogen fluoride can cause hypertrophic rhinitis with subsequent development of the atrophic form. The histopathological changes are described in detail.
Fluoride, July 1973, Vol.6, No.3, p.138-142. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-1162 Žuškin E., Valić F., Šarić M.
Ventilatory function tests in epidemiological studies of chronic non-specific respiratory diseases in industry
Testovi ventilacijske funkcije pluća u epidemiološkim ispitivanjima kroničnih nespecifičnih respiratornih bolesti u industriji [in Serbocroatian]
Description and critical analysis of the relative merits of those methods of ventilatory function measurement which have proved to be the most practical in epidemiological studies under industrial field conditions: tests for determining the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volumes (for various durations) and peak expiratory flow. Numerous examples are quoted from the authors' own experience. Recommended normal values and equations for their prediction are also discussed. A number of commercial spirometers are described.
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 1973, Vol.24, No.1, p.19-35. Illus. 37 ref.

CIS 74-957 Lesobre R., Hadengue A., Legrand M.
Pleural symptoms of asbestosis
Les manifestations pleurales de l'asbestose. [in French]
Description of the various pleural symptoms of asbestosis, which are much less known than the pulmonary symptoms, but at least as frequent. They constitute an important extension of the field of asbestos pathology. The pleural plaque is the elementary lesion. The more specific lesions are the calcifications, usually bilateral, which develop within the hyalin plaques. They continue to develop even after the patient has ceased to be exposed to the hazard. Some cases of non-malignant pleurisy are described, 6 of them in France. They constitute a risk of subsequent malignancy. Although the carcinogenic role of asbestos may not have been rigorously proved, there are strong presumptions tending to confirm epidemiological and statistical arguments. Out of 12 cases of pleural mesothelioma observed in France over the last 8 years, the authors found a history of prolonged exposure to asbestos in 6 cases.
Nouvelle presse médicale, 2 June 1973, vol.2, n°22, p.1491-1494. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 74-1078 Krysińska-Traczyk E.
Aspergillus fumigatus mould as an agent of occupational lung diseases
Pleśnie Aspergillus fumigatus jako przyczyna schorzeń płuc o charakterze zawodowym [in Polish]
An account is given of the morphology, biology, occurrence and pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus mould and of occupational aspergillosis (literature review, diagnosis). Serological tests showed that, in comparison to a control group, farmers run the highest aspergillosis risk, followed by tobacco and food industry workers. It is suggested that a light personal breathing apparatus should be worn by those occupationally exposed to hazardous concentrations of this mould. The need for regular lung function tests is stressed.
Medycyna Wiejska, 1973, Vol.8, No.4, p.275-284. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 74-865 Varkey B., Kory R.C.
Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema following pulmonary function tests.
Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema occurred in a healthy 23-year-old medical student after routine pulmonary function tests. The possible mechanism of its production is discussed and compared with that of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema of other aetiology.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Dec. 1973, vol.108, No.6, p.1393-1396. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 74-681 Pimentel J.C.
A granulomatous lung disease produced by bakelite.
A report of a clinic-pathologic and experimental study to demonstrate that bakelite dust can cause lesions in the lung characterised by the formation of sarcoid-type epithelioid granulomas which can lead to diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. The finding is based on the study of 2 cases of respiratory disease in persons occupationally exposed to bakelite dust, in which histochemical techniques revealed the presence of phenolic compounds of bakelite within the granulomas, and on the production of experimental lesions in the guinea pig.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Dec. 1973, Vol.108, No.6, p.1303-1310. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 74-818 Jörgensen H.S.
A study of mortality from lung cancer among miners in Kiruna 1950-1970.
Retrospective study of mortality due to lung cancer among iron-ore miners in the Kiruna region. 13 cases of lung cancer were found as against 4.5 cases predictable on the basis of lung cancer mortality for the rest of the male population in 12 of the 13 patients who died of lung cancer were smokers. The lung cancer mortality among non-mine workers was the same as for the rest of the male population in Sweden. The concentration of radon daughters in the mine was around 30pCi per litre in earlier years, but this figure has probably been exceeded at times. Exposure to diesel fumes did not influence the results as only 1 of the 13 men who died of lung cancer worked during the period when diesel engines were used underground. The combined effects of radon and some of the substances found in diesel fumes should not, however, be disregarded in the future. A follow-up study should therefore be made after about 15-20 years of exposure to diesel exhaust gas.
Work - Environment - Health, 1973, Vol.10, No.3, p.126-133. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 74-679 Fletcher D.E.
A mortality study of shipyard workers with pleural plaques
Etude de mortalité parmi les travailleurs des chantiers navals porteurs de plaques pleurales. [in French]
French translation of: A mortaliy study of shipyard workers with pleural plaques. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Apr.1972, Vol.29, No.2, p.142-145. 15 ref. Mild asbestos effects are seen frequently in shipyard workers. It is known that this type of asbestos exposure may be associated with mesothelioma but it is not generally thought that an increased bronchial carcinoma risk exists unless there is pulmonary fibrosis. A number of cases of both types of malignant disease were seen in the hospitals of a shipyard town, associated with pleural plaques. A retrospective survey was therefore carried out and all routine chest X-ray films in the shipyard medical files taken between 1960 and 1970 were reviewed together with films from a mass radiography session; 408 men were found to have evidence of pleural plaques. 65 men died during the follow-up from diagnosis to 1970. In a 404-man control group, there were 56 deaths in the same time. Results of comparison with expected general-population mortality: in the plaque series, there were 16 deaths from bronchial carcinoma (expected figure: 6.74) and 3 from mesotheliomas.
Translation INRS 74 B-73, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 1973. 14p. 15 ref.

CIS 74-796 Einbrodt H.J.
The question of a relationship between coalminer's silicosis and lung cancer
Zusammenhangsfragen zwischen der Silikose des Steinkohlenbergmanns und dem Bronchialkrebs [in German]
A literature survey of the results of animal experiments and findings in man. These results, together with a newer statistical study, show no relationship between anthracosilicosis and lung cancer; an effect of chronic bronchitis on lung cancer also seems unlikely.
Kompass, Sep. 1973, Vol.83, No.9, p.217-219.

CIS 74-864 Lapp N.L.
Physiological approaches to detection of small airway disease.
Recent developments in the field of lung mechanics relating to the problem of obstructive airway disease and its detection are reviewed. The possibility is explored that some methods other than respiratory frequency dependence of dynamic compliance may be developed for detecting small airway disease.
Environmental Research, Sep. 1973, Vol.6, No.3, p.253-264. Illus. 48 ref.

CIS 74-767 Ostapkovič V.E., Kudinova O.V.
Clinical aspects and diagnosis of disorders of the upper airways among workers engaged in synthetic thiamine bromide (vitamin B₁)
Klinika i diagnostika zabolevanij verhnih dyhatel'nyh putej u rabočih proizvodstva sintetičeskogo tiaminbromida (vitamina B₁) [in Russian]
Otorhinolaryngological examination of 200 workers employed in the production of the above substance revealed physiopathological disturbances and functional disorders of the upper airways. The symptoms observed are attributed to the irritant, cauterising and neurotropic effects of the products used in the synthesis of thiamine bromide (acetopropylacetate, acetopropyl alcohol, bromine, ammonia, aminopyrimidin, etc.). Dystrophic impairment of the upper airways was more severe with longer exposure and tended to spread to the lower respiratory tract.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Aug. 1973, No.8, p.13-16. 8 ref.

CIS 74-878 Petersen M.R., Amandus M.S., Reger R.B., Lapp N.L., Morgan W.K.C.
Ventilatory capacity in normal coal miners prediction formulae for FEV₁ and FVC.
The ventilatory capacity of 666 normal coalminers was compared to that of the "normal" population used by Kory et al. Kory's predicted values for FEV₁ (forced expiratory volume in one second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) were shown to be markedly similar to those derived from the coalmining population investigated. Bearing in mind the limitations of all predictive formulae, it is apparent from this study that the values of Kory et al. provide a useful yardstick with which to compare the ventilatory capacity of U.S. miners.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Nov. 1973, Vol.15, No.11, p.899-902. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 74-651 Enterline P.E., Henderson V.
Type of asbestos and respiratory cancer in the asbestos industry.
A report on the mortality experience of 1,348 men who retired from the asbestos industry after 3 to 51 years (average 25 years) of exposure to asbestos dust and for whom complete job and exposure data could be obtained. In an earlier study it was shown that these men had an excess of respiratory cancer related to their cumulative dust exposure. This further report correlates the excess cancer with the type of asbestos. Data presented suggest that at low dose levels, some exposure to chrysotile asbestos can be tolerated while crocidolite asbestos exposures should be eliminated wherever possible.
Archives of Environmental Health, Nov. 1973, Vol.27, No.5, p.312-317. 18 ref.

CIS 74-642 Valić F., Žuškin E.
Pharmacological prevention of acute ventilatory capacity reduction in flax dust exposure.
The protective effect of the preshift application of a bronchodilator (orciprenaline), an antihistamine drug (diadril), and ascorbic acid on flax-induced acute bronchoconstriction was studied in 13 byssinotic and 7 non-byssinotic female workers exposed to airborne flax fibre. Orciprenaline was applied by inhalation, while diadril and ascorbic acid were given orally. All three drugs exerted a significant preventive effect, diminishing the acute fall of ventilatory capacity during the shift.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1973, Vol.30, No.4, p.381-384. 14 ref.

CIS 74-641 Žuškin E., Valić F.
Respiratory response in simultaneous exposure to flax and hemp dust.
The effect of exposure to high concentrations of mixtures of hemp and flax dust was studied in 124 workers in 2 textile mills, and the results compared with those obtained in 2 previously studied groups of workers, exposed to similar concentrations of pure hemp and flax, respectively. The acute response of the subjects exposed to similar concentrations of flax and mixtures of 2 different proportions of flax and hemp dust was found to be practically identical. It is concluded that exposure to high concentrations of mixed hemp and flax dust is as hazardous as exposure to pure hemp or flax.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1973, Vol.30, No.4, p.375-380. 13 ref.

CIS 74-632 Chan-Yeung M.
Maximal expiratory flow and airway resistance during induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma due to western red cedar (thuja plicata).
11 woodworkers with asthma due to exposure to western red cedar were studied before and during bronchoconstriction induced by inhalation of an extract of western red cedar or plicatic acid. Serial measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity, airway conductance and maximal expiratory flow from flow-volume curves were made. During the asymptomatic period and during both the immediate and late asthmatic reactions induced by inhalation, the maximum expiratory flows at 50% of vital capacity and 60% of total lung capacity were the most sensitive indicators of response.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Nov. 1973, Vol.108, No.5, p.1103-1110. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 74-631 Chan-Yeung M., Barton G.M., MacLean L., Grzybowski S.
Occupational asthma and rhinitis due to western red cedar (thuja plicata).
22 woodworkers with respiratory symptoms after exposure to the dust of western red cedar were studied. This report presents the clinical features of the syndrome caused by exposure to the wood, the results of immunological investigations and the studies leading to the identification of the chemical compound in the red cedar extract which causes the disease. It may be concluded that the respiratory symptoms have an allergic basis and that the compound which causes the condition is plicatic acid, a very strong acid containing phenolic and alcoholic groups in addition to its carboxylic acid function.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Nov. 1973, Vol.108, No.5, p.1094-1102. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 74-790 Sharp J.T., Paul O., McKean H., Best W.R.
A longitudinal study of bronchitic symptoms and spirometry in a middle-aged, male, industrial population.
An industrial population consisting of 1,263 persons (51-66 years) carrying out light assembly and clerical work was surveyed in 1961 and again in 1968 for respiratory symptoms and spirometric abnormalities. The second survey permitted comparative examination of several questions beyond the scope of a single survey. The striking findings were: (a) a decrease in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms with the passage of time, wholly explained by the impressive decrease in the prevalence of cigarette smoking; (b) the emergence of new bronchitic symptoms was much less in non-smokers than in smokers; and (c) spirometric abnormalities were more reversible than predicted, the reversibility being more frequent among non-smokers.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Nov. 1973, Vol.108, No.5, p.1066-1077. 14 ref.

CIS 74-509 Bajan A.
Occupation as one of the possible exogenous factors in chronic bronchitis
Zamestnanie ako jeden možných exogénnych faktorov pri chronickej bronchitíde [in Slovak]
A survey was carried out involving 311 hospital patients (222 men and 89 women) with a view to determining the importance of the occupational factor in the aetiology of chronic bronchitis. Out of this total, 48.8% (of whom 18.6% were agricultural workers and 15.4% were employed in the chemical industry) had been working for over 4 years in an unhealthy environment. The (FEV/VC)100 values and bronchographic alterations of the bronchial tract discovered were significantly at variance with those observed within a group of patients with good working conditions. A significant correlation was established between manual and non-manual workers as regards frequency of dyspnoea and alterations of the bronchial tract evidenced by bronchoscopy and bronchography.
Lekársky obzor, 1973, Vol.22, No.3, p.113-118. 10 ref.

CIS 74-378 Janů P., Nepilová J.
Effect on the health of dusts released during work with refractory shale
K hygienické problematice prašnosti při práci se žáruvzdorným lupkem [in Czech]
Despite high dust concentrations, no case of silicosis was diagnosed in the last 20 years in a refractory shale processing plant because of the low content of free SiO₂. On the other hand, chronic bronchitis was diagnosed in 22.4% of the cases, as a result of the combined effects of dust and cigarette smoking.
Pracovní lékařství, Mar. 1973, Vol.25, No.3, p.110-112. 11 ref.

CIS 74-507 Singh H., Bhar S.
Chronic respiratory disease in a gas plant.
A report of a study carried out in a town-gas plant in Maharashtra to ascertain the health hazards associated with the manufacturing process. Workers are exposed to coal dust, benzene, naphthalene, pyridine and carbon monoxide. The gases present were below the maximum permissible levels, but coal dust levels exceeded the threshold limit value. 100 exposed workers and 60 controls were investigated, taking into account age, length of service and smoking habits. X-ray findings and clinical examination showed that the incidence of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchiectasis was higher among exposed than among non-exposed workers.
Indian Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1973, Vol.19, No.2, p.47-60. 5 ref.

CIS 74-478 Reid W.D., Ilett K.F., Glick J.M., Krishna G.
Metabolism and binding of aromatic hydrocarbons in the lung - Relationship to experimental bronchiolar necrosis.
Experimental bronchiolar necrosis was elicited in mice and rats by a single intraperitoneal dose of bromobenzene or other aromatic hydrocarbons. The lesion was associated with the binding of a bromobenzene metabolite to bronchiolar epithelial cells. This and other findings indicate that drug metabolising enzymes in the lung might be important determinants in the pathogenesis of bromobenzene-induced bronchiolar necrosis. The study provides evidence for the hypothesis that enzymes in the lung play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary lesions related to foreign compounds.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Apr. 1973, Vol.107, No.4, p.539-551. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 74-474 Evans E.A.
Pulmonary edema after inhalation of fumes from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Report of a case of pulmonary oedema after inhalation of fumes from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The chest X-ray taken on the day of exposure to PTFE fumes was consistent with pulmonary oedema. Progressive resolution took place during the following week. Polymer fume fever, a relatively innocuous influenza-like illness, is a well-known result of exposure to the pyrolysis products of PTFE; pulmonary oedema, considering its potential seriousness, deserves wider recognition as another possible result of exposure.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1973, Vol.15, No.7, p.599-601. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-472 Ishizaka T., Shida T., Miyamoto T., Matsumara Y., Mizuno K., Tomaru M.
Occupational asthma from western red cedar dust (Thuja plicata) in furniture factory workers.
This report deals with a clinical analysis of various symptoms caused by western red cedar dust. An investigation carried out among workers in Japanese wood-furniture factories showed that allergic reactions such as asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria and dermatitis were caused by the inhalation of western red cedar dust. An atopic constitution was an important factor in the development of the asthmatic condition due to western red cedar wood. Immunological analysis by skin testing suggests that those more sensitive to common inhalant allergens are also more sensitive to western red cedar wood.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, July 1973, Vol.15, No.7, p.580-585. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 74-375 Braun D.C., Jurgiel J.A., Kaschak M.C., Babyak M.A.
Prevalence of respiratory signs and symptoms among US cotton textile workers.
Results of a study carried out on 995 textile workers showed that a respiratory condition of occupational origin did exist among the workers, especially among carders, characterised by a fall in ventilatory function over the duration of the shift in some workers, and in others by a feeling of chest tightness on the first workday after an absence of several days. Evidence of a progressive effect was present in 4.9% of carders and 0.6% of non-carders. Dust levels correlated only weakly with prevalence of signs and symptoms; correlation between dust enzyme activity and physiological effect was significant.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, May 1973, Vol.15, No.5, p.414-419. Illus. 18 ref.

CIS 74-506 Occupational bronchial asthma
Berufsbedingtes Asthma bronchiale [in German]
A number of articles in this issue are devoted to occupational bronchial asthma: Clinical aspects of allergic occupational bronchial asthma (allergen spectrum, degree of sensitisation, sensitisation index, symptoms and evolution, causal therapy, diagnosis); Clinical aspects of occupational bronchial asthma due to toxic chemicals (pathogenesis, diagnosis, noxae, acute and chronic effects, medical opinion); Bronchial asthma as an occupational disease (clinical analysis of 80 cases: examination from the point of view of compensation and industrial medicine, differential diagnosis of obstructive lung affections).
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, May 1973, Vol.8, No.5, p.101-112. Illus. 46 ref.

CIS 74-521 Morgan D.C., Smyth J.T., Lister R.W., Pethybridge R.J.
Chest symptoms and farmer's lung: a community survey.
Considering the limited and conflicting information available on farmer's lung, a survey was carried out in Devon in 1970 among 91 farmers and their families to determine: the prevalence of respiratory symptoms; the prevalence of positive precipitin reactions to thermophilic fungi; the relationship between chest symptoms, chest illness and serological reactions within the study population. Results indicate a prevalence of chest symptoms comparable to that found in other agricultural populations in the United Kingdom. 23 % of the population surveyed had precipitins to thermophilic fungi. 6 known cases of farmer's lung had positive precipitins.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1973, Vol.30, No.3, p.259-265. 17 ref.

CIS 74-367 Rogan J.M., Attfield M.D., Jacobsen M., Rae S., Walker D.D., Walton W.H.
Role of dust in the working environment in development of chronic bronchitis in British coal miners.
This report presents an analysis of data concerning 3,581 coalface workers employed at 20 different collieries in the United Kingdom. At each of these collieries 3 medical surveys were carried out at 5-year intervals and dust concentrations were measured throughout a 10-year period. The analysis is based on the data obtained during the 3rd survey. An appendix describes how the results were interpreted. The following variables were considered: age, height, sitting height, weight, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and cumulative dust exposure (in gh/m³).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1973, Vol.30, No.3, p.217-226. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 74-505 Waxweiler R.J., Wagoner J.K., Archer V.E.
Mortality of potash workers.
As there has been speculation that individuals who work underground might be constitutionally predisposed to pulmonary malignancy, an investigation was carried out among miners who had not been exposed occupationally to any known carcinogens, to evaluate this constitutional predisposition hypothesis. Workers in potash mines were selected for this study; surface workers served as controls. The results show no evidence of predisposition to lung cancer and no evidence that the underground environment increases other respiratory diseases in the absence of known noxious agents. Exposures to sodium and potassium dust did not influence mortality due to heart disease or cerebrovascular accidents.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, June 1973, Vol.15, No.6, p.486-489. 18 ref.

CIS 74-504 Fuchs E.
Bronchial asthma in industrial medicine
Asthma bronchiale in der Gewerbemedizin [in German]
This monograph is based on the author's clinical observations and findings in over 800 cases. Contents: pathogenesis; catalogue of occupational allergens (sericin, casein, raw coffee dust, insect dust, wood dust and sawdust, gum arabic, soya beans, animal hairs, alfalfa, senna leaves); evolution of asthmatic condition; psychogenic effects; diagnostic methods and possibilities (skin tests, inhalation tests); compensation; treatment.
Band 54, Schriftenreihe Arbeitsmedizin-Sozialmedizin-Präventivmedizin, A.W. Gentner Verlag, Forststr. 131, 7 Stuttgart 1, Germany (Fed.Rep.), 1973. 74 p. Illus. 134 ref.

CIS 74-362 Tse K.S., Warren P., Janusz M., McCarty D.S., Cherniack R.M.
Respiratory abnormalities in workers exposed to grain dust.
Of 68 grain elevator workers surveyed, 75 % had respiratory symptoms; these were more common in smokers. Lung function tests demonstrated abnormality in a high percentage of subjects. The findings indicate that exposure to grain dust is an important aetiological factor in the development of respiratory disease. 28 % of the workers developed "grain fever" some hours after exposure, suggestive of an allergic factor. However, the presence of serum precipitins to grain dust in only 6 subjects, with no correlation to clinical disease, indicates that the immunopathogenetic mechanism is not important in the development of respiratory disorders in grain handlers.
Archives of Environmental Health, Aug. 1973, Vol.27, No.2, p.74-77. Illus. 12 ref.

CIS 74-531 Kibelstis J.A., Morgan E.J., Reger R., Lapp N.L., Seaton A., Morgan W.K.C.
Prevalence of bronchitis and airway obstruction in American bituminous coal miners.
8,555 USA bituminous coalminers were examined by spirometry, chest radiography and respiratory questionnaire. The relationship of bronchitis and airway obstruction to dust exposure and cigarette smoking was determined, taking into account also the number of years of exposure and age factors. The prevalence of bronchitis was higher in smoking miners than in non-smoking or ex-smoking co-workers. Surface workers showed less bronchitis than face workers, reflecting their lower dust exposure, this difference being statistically significant only for non-smokers and ex-smokers. Airway obstruction occured in surface workers less frequently than in face workers. Smoking was the most important factor associated with obstruction.
American Review of Respiratory Disease, Oct. 1973, Vol.108, No.4, p.886-893. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 74-502 Henderson V., Enterline P.E.
An unusual mortality experience in cotton textile workers.
Following the discovery of a remarkably low mortality rate for respiratory cancer among a group of cotton textile workers, deaths and causes of death at ages 15 to 64 were observed in 2 cohorts of white male cotton textile workers. Results are presented in tabular form. While the number of deaths observed in this study are small and there was no certainty about smoking habits, the results are consistent with the notion that something in the work environment of cotton textile workers protects them against respiratory cancer. The possibility that the agent which produces symptoms of byssinosis, or some other agent in cotton dust, could stimulate an immunological response against cancer, should be checked by further epidemiological investigations, animal experiments or other methods.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1973, Vol.15, No.9, p.717-719. 8 ref.

CIS 74-360 Penknovič A.A., Faerman I.S., Gladkova E.V.
Pulmonary insufficiency as a criterion for the assessment of the working capacity of persons suffering from dust-induced bronchial and lung diseases
Legočnaja nedostatočnost' kak odin iz kriteriev ocenki trudosposobnosti bol'nyh pylevymi bronho-legočnymi zabolevanijami [in Russian]
The authors compared the decisions of an expert commission, assigning degrees of disability, with the results of respiratory function tests for 1,458 workers suffering from dust-induced bronchial and lung diseases. It was found that, in cases presenting the same degree of respiratory impairment, the commission had more often considered pneumoconiotic workers to be disabled than it did workers suffering from chronic dust-induced bronchitis; in other words, the loss of working capacity in the former had been regarded as more serious. The authors believe that a more differentiated approach should be adopted in disability assessment by taking into account the pulmonary insufficiency caused by dust-induced bronchial and lung diseases.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1973, No.6, p.18-21. 6 ref.

CIS 74-551 Speizer F.E., Ferris B.G., Burgess W., DiBerardinis L.J.
Exposure to automobile exhaust - 1. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disease - 2. Pulmonary function measurements - 3. An environmental assessment.
This article in 3 parts describes how the prevalence of chronic non-specific respiratory disease was assessed in a population of 268 policemen exposed to a spectrum of levels of automobile exhaust. Pulmonary function tests were performed and hair lead concentration measured. Data are presented in tabular form to show that the men represent comparable groups and that smoking and to a lesser extent traffic exposure are associated factors in the development of respiratory disease. Annual medical assessment and seasonal environmental assessments are planned to permit prospective evaluation of the effects of chronic exposure to automobile exhaust.
Archives of Environmental Health, June 1973, Vol.26, No.6, p.313-329. 31 ref.

CIS 74-359 Chew P.K., Chia M., Chew S.F., Supramaniam J.M.J., Chan W., Chew C.H., Ng Y.K., Gandevia B.
Asbestos workers in Singapore - A clinical, functional and radiological survey.
This survey was carried out in an attempt to ascertain the early symptoms and signs of asbestosis and to distinguish it from other respiratory disorders. 114 workers exposed to asbestos in a Singapore plant were investigated. The results indicate that simple clinical and functional studies suffice to define a group in which a presumptive diagnosis of mild asbestosis may reasonably be made.
Archives of Environmental Health, June 1973, Vol.26,No.6, p.290-293. 12 ref.

CIS 74-381 Vocal and throat disorders due to noise
Röst- och halsbesvär på grund av buller [in Swedish]
This information sheet draws attention to phonasthenia, swelling of the vocal cords and chorditis as a consequence of speech communication difficulties in a noisy environment. The symptoms, clinical picture and treatment are briefly described. Infections of the upper airways are often a trigger factor.
Meddelanden 1973:2, National Workers' Protection Board (Kungliga Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen), Postfack, Stockholm 34, Sweden, 5 Feb. 1973. 4 p.

CIS 74-249 Cuthbert O.D.
Investigation into an outbreak of rhinitis and asthma in a printing works.
An outbreak of rhinitis and asthma among 16 printing workers was investigated. 2 men who had the longest history of rhinitis and asthma gave positive skin and nasal provocation test response to gum acacia, suggesting allergy to this polysaccharide. Dextrose has been substituted for the acacia with satisfactory results. The author believes that gum acacia as a hazard requires further investigation.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Aug. 1973, Vol.16, No.2, p.203. 1 ref.

CIS 74-243 Ruppe K.
Respiratory diseases and functional respiratory disorders among workers in the woodworking industry
Erkrankungen und Funktionsstörungen am Atemtrakt bei Werktätigen der holzverarbeitenden Industrie [in German]
The author examined 140 workers exposed to exotic wood dust and related the results to dust concentrations at the workpost. Comparisons with a control group revealed an increased incidence of the following symptoms and disorders: coughing, expectoration, common cold, sneezing, obstructive respiratory disorders, irritation of the nasal mucosa, sinusitis and conjunctivitis. In 10 cases, the acetylcholine test was positive. In almost every case, a relationship could be found with the prevailing dust concentrations. A TLV of 5 mg/m³ is proposed for exotic wood dust.
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete, Apr. 1973, Vol.19, No.4, p.261-264. 16 ref.

CIS 74-200 Ayres S.M., Evans R., Licht D., Griesbach J., Reimold F., Ferrand E.F., Criscitiello A.
Health effects of exposure to high concentrations of automotive emissions - Studies in bridge and tunnel workers in New York City.
In 1970, a 3-year study was initiated of all non-administrative employees of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority, an organisation responsible for the operation of 2 tunnels and 7 bridges in New York City, to ascertain the effects of automotive pollutants on human health. This article gives detailed information collected during the first 2 years of observation. A programme of toll booth air purification was completed early in the second year of the study, so that subsequent investigations should permit examination of the effect on human health of sudden decreases in automotive pollutants.
Archives of Environmental Health, Sep. 1973, Vol.27, No.3, p.168-178. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 74-191 Respiratory disease in industry.
Number devoted entirely to the proceedings of the second Skytop Conference on respiratory disease held at Skytop, 17-19 May 1972. Papers presented on many aspects of industrial respiratory disease cover: newer developments in fundamental defence mechanisms; dose-response relationships; response to inhalants; role of cigarette smoking.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.165-307. Illus. 708 ref.

CIS 74-190 Stoloff I.L.
Bullous lung disease in short order cooks.
A survey was made in Philadelphia to determine the prevalence rate of bullous lung disease and to study its association with occupation and smoking. This report describes results in a population of 1,191 male short order cooks included in the survey. Although these results suggest that there is an association between short order cooking and primary bullous disease of the lung and that cigarette smoking, race and age are factors in the development of the disease, the evidence is not conclusive.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.202-203. 5 ref.

CIS 74-189 Utidjian M.D., Clark Cooper W.
Sputum cytology and occupational pulmonary disease.
Sputum cytology and chest X-ray are regarded as complementary in the detection of lung cancer, neither replacing the other, though sputum cytology is more specific. Interest in sputum cytology has been focused on the possibility of earlier diagnosis at a pre-malignant stage. One grave drawback to cytological studies is the lack of ability to localise the tumour. Nevertheless, there is a place for sputum cytology in the surveillance of occupational groups at high risk, and of high-risk groups in the general population. It is finding increasing application also in the diagnosis of non-malignant bronchopulmonary lesions.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.253-254. 19 ref.

CIS 74-188 Archer V.E., Wagoner J.K., Hyg S.D., Lundin F.E.
Uranium mining and cigarette smoking effects on man.
As reflected by FEV₁ measurements, cigarette smoking by uranium miners augments the loss of pulmonary function associated with ageing and exposure to mine dust and radiation. The rate of cigarette smoking in miners is probably cocarcinogenic rather than synergistic.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.204-211. Illus. 31 ref.

CIS 74-182 Weill H., Waggenspack C., DeRouen T., Ziskind M.
Respiratory reactions to B.subtilis enzymes in detergents.
Investigation and follow-up studies of workers in 4 USA detergent plants confirmed that respiratory symptoms and sensitisation to the proteolytic enzyme occurred as the result of this industrial exposure. The pathological basis for functional changes is not clear but, clinically, it appears to be occupational asthma. The effectiveness of dust control measures was demonstrated.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1973, Vol.15, No.3, p.267-271. Illus.

CIS 74-180 Maillard J.M.
Occupational lung diseases not related to dust
La pathologie pulmonaire professionnelle non coniotique. [in French]
Review of causative agents of lung diseases not related to dust, as recorded in Switzerland, and the diagnostic difficulties connected with the limited possible responses of the bronchopulmonary system. Various types of extrinsic allergic alveolitis are found, particularly in agriculture, but Switzerland does not recognise these as occupational diseases.
Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift - Journal suisse de médecine, 28 July 1973, Vol.103, No.30, p.1073-1074. 17 ref.

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