Blood diseases - 610 entries found

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1990

CIS 90-2070 Jost M., Rüegger M., Liechti B., Reber E.
Prevention of blood-borne infections in the treatment of patients
Verhütung von blutübertragbaren Infektionen beim Umgang mit Patienten [in German]
Prévention des infections transmises par voie sanguine lors de soins aux patients [in French]
Leaflet listing the hazards of contracting blood-borne diseases to which medical and para-medical personnel are exposed when treating patients, and the safety measures to be applied accordingly.
Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents, Case postale, Lucerne, Switzerland, 1990. 6p. Illus.

CIS 90-1289 Moen B.E., Kyvik K.R., Engelsen B.A., Riise T.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteins and free amino acids in patients with solvent induced chronic toxic encephalopathy and healthy controls
The concentrations of protein, albumin, IgG, and free amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid of 16 patients with chronic toxic encephalopathy due to organic solvents were measured. The patient group consisted of all patients with this diagnosis in a neurological department in 1985. The diagnosis was based on neuraesthenic symptoms, pathological psychometric performance, and verified exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents. A control group of 16 patients with myalgias or backache, or both, and no signs of disease was used for comparison. A rise in protein, albumin, and IgG was found in the patient group compared with the control group, as well as reduced concentrations of phosphoethanolamine, taurine, homocarnosine, ethanolamine, alpha-aminobutyric acid, and leucine. Using a stepwise multiple regression analysis, taurine was negatively correlated to exposure to solvents. These findings may indicate membrane alterations in the central nervous system related to exposure to organic solvents.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Apr. 1990, Vol.47, No.4, p.277-280. 23 ref.

1989

CIS 91-540 Paradowski M., Roczek E., Tkacz B., Dworniak D.
Increase in antipyrine clearance in workers exposed to phenol and toluene in the petrochemical industry
In 90 workers of the petrochemical industry occupationally exposed to a mixture of petroleum derivatives, including 60 persons exposed mainly to phenol and 30 to toluene, the metabolic activity of the liver was examined using the antipyrine test. In both groups of subjects, an increase of antipyrine clearance in saliva was observed. Occupational exposure to lipophylic derivatives of petroleum seems to induce the function of liver microsomal enzymes.
Polish Journal of Occupational Medicine, Mar. 1989, Vol.2, No.3, p.229-237. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 91-124 Kusaka Y., Nakano Y., Shrikawa T., Marimoto K.
Lymphocyte transformation with cobalt in hard metal asthma
Lymphocyte transformation tests with cobalt were done in 9 hard metal asthma patients diagnosed on the basis of a positive bronchial provocation test with cobalt. Positive lymphocyte proliferation in response to the metal was defined statistically from the results for 18 samples representing 12 hard metal-exposed subjects and 6 non-exposed controls. Out of the 4 patients who had been reported to have IgE antibody specific to cobalt, the lymphocytes of 2 proliferated with metal: one showed positive lymphocyte transformation to free cobalt, the other to both free cobalt and cobalt-conjugated human serum albumin. These results suggest that cobalt-sensitised lymphocytes play a role in some hard metal asthmatics.
Industrial Health, Mar. 1989, Vol.27, No.4, p.155-163. 19 ref.

CIS 91-344 Kawakami N., Araki S., Hayashi T., Masumoto T.
Relationship between perceived job-stress and glycosylated haemoglobin in white-collar workers
A questionnaire study on job-stress and health-related behaviour together with measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (GH) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for 102 male white-collar workers showed that the score of job-dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with their GH level (p<0.05). No possible confounders, i.e., age, job-overload, overtime, number of cigarettes per day, alcohol consumption, obesity and blood tests other than FPG, were significantly correlated with GH; the score of job-dissatisfaction was not significantly correlated with the FPG level. Thus, GH may be a sensitive measure of job-dissatisfaction; further studies are needed to clarify psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of job-dissatisfaction on the GH level.
Industrial Health, Mar. 1989, Vol.27, No.4, p.149-154. 13 ref.

CIS 90-1575 Wu Y.Q., Wang J.D., Chen J.S., Chung S.C., Hwang S.Y.
Occupational risk of decreased plasma cholinesterase among pesticide production workers in Taiwan
The influence of ventilation control and work practices on the health of workers potentially exposed to organophosphate and carbamate compounds were re-examined in 989 employees from pesticide factories in Taiwan during 1986-1987. Results showed that 43 of 515 production employees had decreased plasma cholinesterase as compared with four of 340 non-production employees. There was a significant association between the level of housekeeping and work practices and the prevalence of decreased plasma cholinesterase ( p = 0.022). It is concluded that inadequate ventilation control and poor work practices may create a potential danger of pesticide poisoning among production employees in Taiwan and should be corrected immediately.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1989, Vol.16, No.6, p.659-666. Illus. Bibl.

CIS 90-943 Schirmacher P., Zander R.
CO-burden of personnel and users of underground parking garages
CO-Belastung bei Personal und Benutzern von Tiefgaragen [in German]
COHb-levels were determined in blood samples of employees and users of four underground parking garages in Mainz, Germany (Fed.Rep.). Samples were taken before and after exposure. Slight increases were found after exposure. Questionnaires filled out by all persons examined yielded uncharacteristic subjective complaints.
Arbeitsmedizin - Sozialmedizin - Präventivmedizin, 1989, Vol.24, No.1, p.5-8. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 90-841 Mandel J.S., Berlinger N.T., Kay N., Connett J., Reape M.
Organophosphate exposure inhibits non-specific esterase staining in human blood monocytes
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to triaryl phosphate and monocyte nonspecific esterase staining activity in workers from a plant in Nitro, West Virginia. A cross-sectional study design was used to identify the exposed plant employees, and both a plant and a general population group. In addition to completing a questionnaire for each participant, 30cc of blood were drawn and analysed using four techniques, two morphological and two enzymatic. These procedures included a Technicon D-90 autoanalyzer, a Technicon H-6000 autoanalyzer, a manual enzymatic using alpha naphthyl butyrate, and a manual morphologic using Wright-Giesma stain. The results showed a decrease in nonspecific esterase staining with the Technicon d-90. No significant effect on monocyte numbers or esterase positivity was found with the other three techniques.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1989, Vol.15, No.2, p.207-212. 7 ref.

CIS 90-832 Coppola L., Giunta R., Grassia A., Misso L., Verrazzo G., Violano P.F., Grandillo F., Tirelli A.
Air pollution by gasoline exhaust fumes: Effect on platelet function and blood viscosity
Twelve healthy, non-smoking volunteers were exposed for 30min in a closed room to automobile fumes. At the end of the test, HbCO levels were significantly increased, P₅₀ STD was significantly reduced and an impairment of platelet function and blood viscosity was observed in the volunteers. There were no significant changes in cardiovascular parameters.
Medicina del lavoro, May-June 1989, Vol.80, No.3, p.187-191. 20 ref.

CIS 90-578 Topping M.D., Forster H.W., Ide C.W., Kennedy F.M., Leach A.M., Sorkin S.
Respiratory allergy and specific immunoglobin E and immunoglobin G antibodies to reactive dyes used in the wool industry
Respiratory symptoms among six employees in wool dye-houses in the United Kingdom were investigated. Clinical histories revealed that all had work-related respiratory symptoms, which they associated with exposure to Lanasol dyes. Five of the six subjects had specificic Immunoglobin E to human serum albumin conjugates of one or more of the dyes to which they were exposed, providing evidence of sensitisation to these dyes. In two subjects there was a definite association between symptoms of allergy to a particular dye, and specific IgE to an albumin conjugate of that dye. Specific IgG was found in exposed subjects, irrespective of the presence of allergic symptoms, indicating that specificic IgG reflects exposure rather than clinical sensitisation. Four of the six subjects had specificic IgG4; this was only present in the subjects with respiratory allergy and specificic IgE.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Oct. 1989, Vol.31, No.10, p.857-862. Illus. 11 ref.

CIS 90-480 Persson B., Dahlander A.M., Fredriksson M., Brage H.N., Ohlson C.G., Axelson O.
Malignant lymphomas and occupational exposures
The effects of potential risk factors for Hodgkin's disease (HD) and for non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were evaluated in a case-referent study encompassing 54 cases of HD, 106 cases of NHL, and 275 referents, all alive. Exposure information was obtained by questionnaires mailed to the subjects. Crude rate ratios were increased for various occupational exposures including solvents, welding, wood preservatives, phenoxy acids, and fresh wood (sawmill workers, lumberjacks, paper pulp workers). After further analyses based on logistic regression occupational exposures to welding and creosote remained as significant risk factors for HD. For NHL, occupational exposures to solvents, phenoxy acids, and creosote but also work as a carpenter or cabinet maker, and contacts with pets (other than dogs, cats, and birds) were associated with significantly increased risks.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Aug. 1989, Vol.46, No.8, p.516-520. 20 ref.

CIS 90-125 Skyberg K., Hansteen I.L., Jelmert Ø., Rønneberg A.
A cytogenic and haematological investigation of oil exposed workers in a Norwegian cable manufacturing company
Cytogenetic and haematological parameters were studied in 31 oil exposed workers and 31 office workers matched for age and smoking, all men employed by a Norwegian cable manufacturing company. Information was obtained about tobacco and alcohol consumption, infections, allergies, chronic diseases, use of medicines, and exposure to radiography. A decrease in the absolute lymphocyte counts was observed in the most heavily exposed subgroup (p < 0.05) but no other significant differences were found between exposed workers and referents. The influence of non-occupational variables on the cytogenetic parameters was studied by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges appeared to be influenced by smoking history (p < 0.05) and season of sampling ( p < 0.01) and, if season was excluded, by age (p < 0.05) and current smoking (p < 0.05). The number of cells with chromosomal aberrations increased with age (p < 0.05) and lymphocyte count ( p < 0.05), whereas the frequency of stable rearrangements was negatively correlated with current smoking (p < 0.01).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1989, Vol.46, No.11, p.791-798. 23 ref.

CIS 90-123 Paci E., Buiatti E., Seniori Costantini A., Miligi L., Pucci N., Scarpelli A., Petrioli G., Simonato L., Winkelmann R., Kaldor J.M.
Aplastic anemia, leukemia and other cancer mortality in a cohort of shoe workers exposed to benzene
This report presents the results of a historical cohort study in a shoe manufacturing plant in Florence where cases of aplastic anaemia and leukaemia were reported in the 1960s. A total of 1008 men and 1005 women were considered eligible members of the cohort. For total mortality, comparing the rates of the cohort with the national rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 79 for the women and 95 for the men. For the men, excess of risk for aplastic anaemia (SMR 1566) and leukaemia (SMR 400) were observed. The increased risk occurred among workers first employed during the period in which benzene was used, but the expected number of cases in the subsequent period was too small to evaluate whether any reduction in risk had occurred. No increasing pattern with duration of employment was discernible.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Oct. 1989, Vol.15, No.5, p.313-318. 15 ref.

CIS 90-120 Saburi Y., Kumae T., Nasu M., Itoga T., Nagato H.
Neutrophil chemiluminescence in pneumoconiosis
Keihai-kanja ni okeru kōchūkyū 'chemiluminescence' no kentō [in Japanese]
Neutrophilic phagocytic activity and serum opsonic activity were examined in pneumoconiosis patients. 100 patients aged 43 to 81 were classified into 4 types (types 1 to 4) according to the degree of chest X-ray findings. A simultaneous multiple measurement system for lumino-dependent chemiluminescence was used. Neutrophilic phagocytic activity and serum opsonic activity were shown by the time length to reach peak chemiluminescence (PT) and the height of peak chemiluminescence (PH). There was no significant difference in neutrophilic phagocytic activity and serum opsonic activity between normal persons and type 1 cases of mild pneumoconiosis. However, these activities were elevated in the cases with more severe pneumoconiosis, while the most severe type 4 cases tended to show lower activities than type 2 and type 3 cases. PT of total chemiluminescence was influenced by both neutrophilic phagocytic activity and serum opsonic activity, but PH only by neutrophilic phagocytic activity. A statistically significant correlation was observed between serum opsonic activity and serum CH₅₀ levels.
Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases, Jan. 1989, Vol.27, No.1, p.57-63. Illus. 20 ref.

CIS 90-211 Missenard C., Hansen G., Kutter D., Kremer A.
Vanadium induced impairment of haem synthesis
Biochemical and haematological profiles of workers exposed to vanadium were compared with those of non-exposed age matched subjects. A significantly positive and dose related correlation between serum vanadium and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was observed. Normal lead concentrations excluded this heavy metal as a possible cause. Inhibition of the reduction of Fe⁺⁺⁺ to Fe⁺⁺ by vanadium is discussed as the possible cause of interference of vanadium with haem synthesis. Iron and iron binding capacity were found to be significantly lower and ferritin significantly higher in the population exposed to vanadium. Strong inter-individual variations do not allow an explanation of this interference with iron metabolism.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1989, Vol.46, No.10, p.744-747. Illus. 5 ref.

CIS 89-1266 Apostoli P., Romeo L., Peroni E., Ferioli A., Ferrari S., Pasini F., Aprili F.
Steroid hormone sulphation in lead workers
The metabolism of steroid hormones has been investigated in 10 workers exposed to lead and in 10 non-exposed subjects to determine whether lead interferes with the 1st or 2nd phase reactions of steroid hormone biotransformation, or both. In the exposed workers blood lead concentrations (PbB) ranged from 45 to 69µg/100mL; in the controls PbB was less than 25µg/100mL. No statistical differences were found for the total amount of the urinary hormone metabolites, but a drop of about 50% was observed for the sulphated portion. It is suggested that lead interferes with the mechanisms of sulphoconjugation through an effect on the cytosol enzymes sulphotransferase and sulphokinase.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Mar. 1989, Vol.46, No.3, p.204-208. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 89-916 Korpela M.
Inhibition of synaptosome membrane-bound integral enzymes by organic solvents
The possible mechanism of the depressive effect of organic solvents on the central nervous system (CNS) was studied with synaptosome membranes as a model. The changes in the activities of the membrane-bound integral enzymes acetylcholinesterase, total adenosinetriphosphatase, and magnesium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase were determined after treatment with different concentrations of organic solvents in vitro. Aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons inhibited all the enzyme activities concentration dependently. Alcohols had no significant effect at the same dose levels. The results of the present study suggest that the CNS depressive effect of organic solvents may be based on their interaction with membrane integral proteins.
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Feb. 1989, Vol.15, No.1, p.64-68. Illus. 26 ref.

CIS 89-852 Kawada T., Koyama H., Suzuki S.
Cadmium, NAG activity, and β₂-microglobulin in the urine of cadmium pigment workers
Cadmium (Cd), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, β₂-microglobulin (BMG), and creatinine (cr) in urine were measured during April and September 1986 in workers exposed to cadmium pigment dust (maximum exposure 3.0µg/m³/8h for respirable dust). In April and September urinary Cd ranged from 0.2 to 9.5 and from 0.5 to 7.0µg/g cr with a geometric mean of 0.7 and 1.2µg/g cr, respectively. The correlation coefficient between Cd and NAG was 0.261 (n = 61) in April and 0.389 (n = 50) in September. The correlation coefficient between Cd and BMG was 0.241 (n = 63) in April and 0.115 (n = 50) in September. It appears that urinary Cd concentrations have a closer relation with urinary NAG than urinary BMG, even when urinary Cd concentrations are less than 10µg/g cr. It is concluded that NAG is a more sensitive indicator of Cd absorption than BMG even at urinary Cd concentrations of less than 10µg/g cr.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 1989, Vol.46, No.1, p.52-55. Illus. 10 ref.

1988

CIS 90-660 Wrangsjö K., Wahlberg J.E., Axelsson I.G.K.
IgE-mediated allergy to natural rubber in 30 patients with contact urticaria
30 patients who had experienced contact urticaria after exposure to gloves, contraceptives, balloons or dental cofferdams went through a detailed examination including interviews on: exposure to rubber; local and distant symptoms; provocation test; skin prick tests with latex extracts from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis; patch testing, IgE and RAST analyses. 23 patients (77%) reported additional symptoms from distant organs. 13 had medical occupations; 25 were classified as atopics based on history; 21 had raised Is; 25 were RAST-positive to the extracts from Hevea brasiliensis. 13 had a pre-existing hand dermatitis, of whom 6 were patch-test positive to standard allergens. Skin prick tests with extracts from Hevea brasiliensis were the most diagnostic tool, while the RAST analysis was positive in 25-30 cases. These tests and analyses including RAST were negative in 40 control subjects. Provocation tests are of great value, but difficult to standardise.
Contact Dermatitis, Oct. 1988, Vol.19, No.4, p.264-271. 27 ref.

CIS 90-227 Gun R.T., Grycorcewicz C., Esterman A.J., Bedwards J.B.
Ultralow volume application of organophosphate concentrate in grain terminals: A new occupational health hazard
The introduction of ultralow volume (ULV) application of the organophosphate pesticide Fenitrothion in grain terminals presents a risk to workers of skin contact with concentrate. Blood testing, by the Ellman method, of a group of 5 grain terminal workers working on grain treatment showed a lowering of mean red blood cell cholinesterase (RBC ChE) activity to 23 units/gmHb (normal value 28-40) with a range of 16-29. The probable cause was identified as percutaneous absorption of Fenitrothion concentrate by workers using ungloved hands to clean blocked drip feed nozzles. Modification of work practices was followed by a rise of mean RBC ChE to 33.6 units/gmHb (range 32-36).
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1988, Vol.45, No.12, p.834-837. Illus. 10 ref.

CIS 90-121 Cavalleri A., Gobba F., Bacchella L., Luberto F., Ziccardi A.
Serum type III procollagen peptide in asbestos workers: An early indicator of pulmonary fibrosis
Serum type III procollagen peptide (PIIIP) concentrations were determined in 36 male workers exposed to asbestos fibres in the production of asbestos cement items in 13 healthy male controls. Mean (SD) PIIIP serum concentrations were 9.3 (1.5) ng/mL (range 7-12) in the controls and 13.7 (3.5) ng/mL (range 7.5-20) in the asbestos workers; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The exposed workers were subdivided according to presence or absence of radiological signs of asbestosis and intensity and duration of exposure. PIIIP serum values of workers with asbestos related interstitial fibrosis were the highest of the groups at 14.6 (2.3) ng/mL. In workers with heavy exposure the PIIIP values were significantly related to duration of exposure (r = 0.95; p<0.01). PIIIP serum values may be a useful index for the early diagnosis of asbestos induced pulmonary fibrosis and biological monitoring of exposed workers.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Dec. 1988, Vol.45, No.12, p.818-823. Illus. 34 ref.

CIS 90-203 Jennings A.M., Wild G., Ward J.D., Milford Ward A.
Immunological abornalities 17 years after accidental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Eighteen workers were reviewed 17yrs after accidental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). Clinical assessment showed that they were in good health. A study of several biochemical and immunological parameters in these subjets and in 15 carefully matched controls showed no difference in serum concentrations of hepatic enzymes between the two groups. Antinuclear antibodies and immune complexes were detected significantly more frequently in the peripheral blood of workers exposed to dioxin. There was no significant difference in the number of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and helper and suppressor T cell counts in peripheral blood, but the number of natural killer cells identified by the monoclonal antibody Leu-7 was significantly higher in workers exposed to dioxin.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1988, Vol.45, No.10, p.701-704. 38 ref.

CIS 90-201 Brandt-Rauf P.W., Niman H.L.
Serum screening for oncogene proteins in workers exposed to PCBs
A cohort of 16 municipal workers engaged in cleaning oil from old transformers was examined for possible health effects from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In addition to routine clinical parameters, a new screening tecnique for the presence of oncogene proteins in serum using monoclonal antibodies was used to ascertain the potential carcinogenic risk from exposure in these workers. Except for 1 individual, serum PCB concentrations were found to be relatively low and serum triglyceride concentrations showed no consistent relation to PCB concentrations. Six individuals, all of whom were smokers, showed abnormal banding patterns for fes oncogene-related proteins and one showed raised levels of the H-ras oncogene-related P21 protein in the serum. These oncogene protein findings may indicate an increased risk of developing malignant disease in these individuals.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Oct. 1988, Vol.45, No.10, p.689-693. Illus. 17 ref.

CIS 89-1290 Poór G., Mituszova M.
Hyperuricaemia and gout among people with long-term exposure to lead
Hyperurikémia és köszvény előfordulása tartós ólomexpozíció esetén [in Hungarian]
A comparison of 105 males with long-term exposure to lead in a battery manufacturing plant (with no symptoms of lead poisoning) and of 97 healthy male controls showed a significantly higher number of cases of hyperuricaemia (31) among the exposed men than among the controls (9). There were 4 cases of gout among the exposed workers, showing a prevalence rate of 3.8%, much higher than among adult males in Hungary (0.25%). There were no cases of gout among the controls. The literature of the subject is discussed.
Magyar Reumatológia, 1988, Vol.29, p.69-76. Illus. 30 ref.

CIS 89-1194 Schumacher M.C., Delzell E.
A death-certificate case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupation in men in North Carolina
A death certificate-based case-control study was performed to investigate the relationship between occupation and new-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in North Carolina. The cases selected were those of 501 men who died of NHL during 1968-82. Controls were selected from other non-cancer deaths and were matched for age, year of death, and race. An increased risk for men in professional, technical, and managerial occupations was detected among whites (OR = 2.69, 1.95-3.72). Black men classified as having "low exposures" had an odds ratio of 1.75 (0.84-3.60). The occupations were ranked by social class and a statistically significant linear relationship was noted in whites, with risk increasing from lower to upper social class. An increased risk was also detected among whites in the rubber, plastics and synthetics industries, and among blacks employed in machine trades occupations and structural work occupations. An increased risk was also detected for black painters, but not for whites. There was no association found between NHL and employment in textile industry, farming, labourers, or occupations with exposures to asbestos or benzene.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1988, Vol.13, No.3, p.317-330. 49 ref.

CIS 89-819 Corbett S., O'Neill B.J.
A cluster of cases of lymphoma in an underground colliery
An apparent occupational outbreak of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among the employees of an underground colliery on the New South Wales (Australia) south coast was investigated. The employment register of the mine recorded that 1004 men had worked at the colliery from its opening in 1946 until Dec 31, 1986. In this period, this cohort of men had amassed 18,818 person-years. A person-years analysis of the mortality and morbidity due to cancer showed a standardised incidence ratio for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of 3.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-6.74) and for Hodgkin's disease of 7.27 (95% CI, 1.98-18.59). All of the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were diagnosed after 1978. An excess of cases of cancer of the salivary gland was also present (standardised incidence ratio, 10.00; 95% CI, 1.21-36.10). No plausible carcinogen was identified in the colliery.
Medical Journal of Australia, 15 Aug. 1988, Vol.149, No.4, p.178-185. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 88-1906 Dubrow R., Paulson J.O., Windian R.
Farming and malignant lymphoma in Hancock County, Ohio
A case-control study was conducted using death certificate records of white male Hancock County (Ohio, USA) residents for 1958-83 which revealed raised death rates for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). There were 61 cases of NHL, 15 cases of HD, and 304 control subjects. Cases and controls were compared with respect to adjustment for age at death and year of death. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. NHL was associated with the occupation of farmer (OR=1.6; CI=0.8, 3.4; observed number of exposed cases (Obs) = 15). The association was restricted to 1958-75 (OR=2.1; CI=0.9, 4.8; Obs=13). The 3 cases of HD among farmers occurred in a cluster in the 15-64 age range during 1958-63 (OR=21.2). This small study adds to the growing body of reports linking farming and malignant lymphoma, particularly NHL.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 1988, Vol.45, No.1, p.25-28. 26 ref.

CIS 88-1905 Wiklund K., Lindefors B.M., Holm L.E.
Risk of malignant lymphoma in Swedish agricultural and forestry workers
The risk of malignant lymphoma after exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides was studied in 354,620 Swedish men who were employed in agriculture or forestry. The cohort was divided into subcohorts and compared with 1,725,645 Swedish men having other economic activities. All were followed up between 1961-1979. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was found in 861 men in the study cohort. The relative risk was not significantly increased in any subcohort and showed no time-related increase in the total cohort or any subcohort. Hodgkin's disease was found in 355 men in the study cohort. Relative risks significantly higher than unity were found among fur farming and silviculture workers where they were 4.45 and 2.26, respectively. All 5 cases in the former group were engaged in mink farming. A time related rising trend in relative risk was found in the silviculture subcohort.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Jan. 1988, Vol.45, No.1, p.19-24. 47 ref.

1987

CIS 89-1269 Mečkov G., Petkova V., Zahariev N.
Bromsulfalein clearance in persons in professional contact with pesticides
Klirăns na bromsulfaleina u lica văv profesionalen kontakt s pesticidi [in Bulgarian]
In 46 persons, bromsulfalein clearance was followed during a season of work with pesticides. The mean value of bromsulfalein clearance (8,91%) was lower than that of a referent group of healthy persons (14,5%). In 14 of the exposed group the clearance values were under 10%. The changes in clearance do not correlate closely with other indices of liver function. Bromsulfalein metabolism, like pesticide metabolism, probably involves the glutathione-S-transferase system. This makes the measurement of bromsulfalein clearance useful in assessing the effect of pesticides on persons who work with them.
Problemi na higienata, Aug. 1987, Vol.12, p.99-103. Illus. 2 ref.

CIS 89-929 Andrianov A.P.
Impact of orthonaphthoquinone diazide photolysis products on copyists' health
Vlijanie produktov fotoliza ortonaftohinondiazida na sostojanie zdorov'ja rabočih-kopirovščikov [in Russian]
Medical examinations of 26 copyists exposed to products of photolysis of orthonaphthoquinone diazide and 14 workers of a control group were carried out. The results showed deviation from the standard prothrombin time in copyists. Correlation of blood coagulation disorders with exposure to photolysis products was experimentally confirmed in laboratory animals. Photolysis products did not cause skin allergies and had no effect on worker's immunologic reactivity or peripheral blood indices. Examination of the state of the copyists' coagulation system during periodic medical examinations is recommended.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1987, No.9, p.38-40. 2 ref.

CIS 89-923 Ladnova G.G.
Morphocytochemical studies of peripheral blood leukocytes in mechanics exposed to pesticides
Morfocitohimičeskie issledovanija lejkocitov periferičeskoj krovi mehanizatorov rabotavših s pesticidami [in Russian]
Medical examinations of 206 mechanics aged 20-50 years occupationally exposed during 4 years to various groups of pesticides revealed morphocytochemical changes in neutrophilic leukocytes which were characterised by toxic granularity, decreases in glycogen and lipid content, inhibition of redox enzymes (myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase), and increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. A decrease in acid phosphatase and increases in lactate and succinate dehydrogenesis were also identified in lymphocytes. These changes in peripheral leukocytes show the high sensivity of the blood to pesticide exposure and can be used as diagnostic criteria.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Aug. 1987, No.8, p.8-11. Illus. 7 ref.

CIS 89-531 Bezrukavnikova L.M., Gladkova E.V.
State of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection systems in workers engaged in manufacturing graphic products
Sostojanie sistem perekisnogo okislenija lipidov i antioksidantnoj zaščity u rabočih proizvodstva grafitovyh izdelij [in Russian]
Medical examination of workers exposed to coke and graphite dusts with adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon showed activation of the systems of lipid peroxidation, with an increased content of lipid peroxides and intense chemiluminescence in their blood. These changes were observed in workers without pulmonary disorders and with bronchitis of stages I and II. There was no decrease of serum tocopherol level in either group; a compensatory increase was observed in patients with stage I bronchitis and in workers without bronchopulmonary pathology. Under more intense impact of occupational factors as well as in later stages of the disease, exhaustion of the lipid antioxidant system was observed. Such studies can be used to detect workers at risk of developing chronic bronchitis and tumours of the bronchopulmonary system.
Gigiena i sanitarija, Apr. 1987, No.4, p.33-36. Illus. 13 ref.

CIS 88-1986 Kalinova G., Izmirova N., Kalojanova F.
Determination of the waiting period for safe work after the application of methyl parathion under field conditions
Opredeljane na minimalen srok za bezopasna rabota sled prilagane na metilparation pri polevi uslovija [in Bulgarian]
Workers spent 1h per day in contact with vegetables that had been treated with a 0.1% aqueous emulsion of methyl parathion. The pesticide is a strong inhibitor of cholinesterase activity - induces up to 50% inhibition of plasma ChEA on the first day after spraying. The rate of disappearance of methyl parathion from washings of workers' hands (daily samples for 7 days) showed that the compound degrades slowly. The minimum waiting period for safe work with methyl parathion under field conditions was determined to be 7 days.
Higiena i zdraveopazvane, 1987, Vol.30, No.2, p.55-58. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 88-1976 Aksoy M., Özeriş S., Sabuncu H, İnanici Y., Yanardağ R.
Exposure to benzene in Turkey between 1983 and 1985: A haematological study on 231 workers
A study was performed to determine the content of benzene in the air and solvents and thinners used by 231 workers in 40 workplaces in Istanbul and Izmir. Benzene concentration in the air of a tyre cord manufacturing factory where 2 cases of acute leukaemia were recorded in a 6-year period was 110ppm. In 9 out of 47 thinners (19.1%) the benzene content ranged between 0% and 6.4% whereas it was between 0.7% and 7.64% in 26 of 34 solvents used. A haematological study of 231 workers showed that there were mild abnormalities in 14 workers including leucopaenia in 9, thrombocytopaenia in 4, and pancytopaenia in 1. This study shows that despite the considerable decrease in the content of benzene in the solvents and thinners available in Istanbul and Izmir, the percentages of benzene in most of the materials are still above permissible limits.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Nov. 1987, Vol.44, No.11, p.785-787. 7 ref.

CIS 88-1989 Farrell F.J.
Angioedema and urticaria as acute and late phase reactions to zinc fume exposure, with associated metal fume fever-like symptoms
IgE-mediated acute and late phase reactions associated with occupational metal fume exposure are rare compared with the more common metal fume fever. The latter is a common acute industrial disease caused by inhalation of oxides of metals, especially zinc. It is a flu-like illness and is thought to be self-limited. This article describes the first case of an immediate and a late phase reaction (urticaria and angioedema) to zinc fumes, associated with a metal fume fever-like reaction. Hives and angioedema developed immediately and in a delayed fashion in a 34-year-old man after he had welded zinc at his job. There also was an associated metal fume fever-like reaction. The relationship was proved by a challenge test done at home. The patient has been asymptomatic since using complete protective measures whilst welding zinc. Possible immunologic mechanisms are discussed.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1987, Vol.12, No.3, p.331-337. 25 ref.

CIS 88-1280 Wong O.
An industry wide mortality study of chemical workers occupationally exposed to benzene. I. General results. II. Dose response analyses
Historical prospective study involving 4,602 male chemical workers from 7 plants in the USA who had been occupationally exposed to benzene for at least 6 months, and 3,074 controls, from the same plants. Significantly higher risks of dying from lymphopoietic cancer (particularly, leukaemia) were found in continuously exposed workers when compared with controls. The dose-response relation was of marginal statistical significance.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, June 1987, Vol.44, No.6, p.365-395. 66 ref.

CIS 88-1176 Flodin U., Fredriksson M., Persson B.
Multiple myeloma and engine exhausts, fresh wood, and creosote: A case-referent study
The effect of potential risk factors was evaluated in a case-referent study in Sweden encompassing 131 cases and 431 randomised referents, all alive. Information on exposure was obtained with questionnaires mailed to the subjects. A few rate ratios significantly exceeded unity: occupational exposure to engine exhausts, creosote, and fresh wood. In view of other studies that suggest ionising radiation as a risk factor, it was somewhat surprising that low-level gamma radiation from background exposure was less common among the cases than the referents.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1987, Vol.12, No.5, p.519-529. 40 ref.

CIS 88-931 Health monitoring in factories where organophosphorus pesticides are produced
Organik fosfor bileşikleri içeren pestisid üreten işyerlerinde sağlik taramasi [in Turkish]
Blood cholinesterase activity was significantly related to age in workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides, but not in controls. An English-language summary is inserted.
İSGÜM, PK: 393 Yenişehir, Ankara, Turkey, 1987. 25p. 10 ref.

CIS 88-180 Shima S., Kato Y., Tachikawa S., Yoshida T., Watanabe K., Kurita H., Nagaoka K., Yuri T., Hosoda H., Ochiai A., Murai Y., Morita K., Katoh Y.
Aplastic anaemia and occupational factors in Japanese industries
Wagakuni no sangyō bun'ya ni okeru saisei furyōsei hinketsu hassei to rōdō kankyō yōin [in Japanese]
Four mail questionnaire surveys were conducted on the incidence of aplastic anaemia among industrial workers throughout Japan from 1970 to 1983. The numbers of aplastic anaemia patients newly diagnosed in the surveys were 145 (112 males/33 females in 1970-72); 21 (16/5) in 1973; 51 (41/10) in 1976-80 and 30 (24/6) in 1981-83. Incidence rates per million were 14.7 (14.4 males/15.5 females) in the 1st and 2nd survey, 14.2 (13.5/18.3) in the 3rd and 9.1 (8.6/11.9) in the 4th. Incidence rates were high in the rubber industry (26.8 per million), paper industry (24.8), and petroleum industry (22.5), but no industrial type showed a consistently higher-than-average incidence in every survey. Manufacturing industries showed a higher incidence (14.6) than non-manufacturing industries (11.7). Clerical, administrative or technical were the main job categories of 247 registered aplastic anaemia patients. Thirty patients had been exposed to organic solvents, metals or radiation. However, no causal relationship between exposure and disease onset could be demonstrated. Thirty-nine cases had a drug-intake history before onset of the disease. The results revealed no positive evidence that occupational factors peculiar to Japanese industries were involved in triggering aplastic anaemia.
Japanese Journal of Industrial Health - Sangyō-Igaku, Mar. 1987, Vol.29, No.2, p.116-129. Illus. 15 ref.

CIS 87-1340 Tikuisis P., Madill H.D., Gill B.J., Lewis W.F., Cox K.M., Kane D.M.
A critical analysis of the use of the CFK equation in predicting COHb formation
Fifteen healthy young males, nine at rest and six at exercise, were exposed to high transient levels of carbon monoxide (CO) to simulate the breathing environment measured in an armoured vehicle during weapons firing. Depending on the dosage, the CO exposures raised the subjects' carboxyhaemoglobin saturation (%COHb) from 1.7% to 17.3%. The measured % COHb levels compared favourably (regression coefficient b=1.04) with those predicted by the theoretical model of Coburn et al. When the same model was applied to a method proposed by NIOSH, however, a significant overprediction was found (b=1.28). It appears that this overprediction results primarily from the failure to take into account the presence of water vapour in the lungs when the inspired pressure of CO is considered, and from the use of incorrect values for alveolar ventilation. These results demonstrate the errors that may arise from the incorrect utilisation of the equation by Coburn et al. and the effect that this may have upon the calculation of the limits for safe occupational exposure to CO.
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Mar. 1987, Vol.48, No.3, p.208-213. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 87-995 Cherchi P., Carta P., Anni M.S., Giacomina C., Alessio L., Casula D.
Occupational lead exposure, G-6PD deficiency and β-thalassemia trait
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and β-thalassaemia are frequent genetic conditions on the island of Sardinia (Italy). This study involved 334 workers in a lead foundry on the island, among whom it was possible to establish a subgroup of workers with total G-6-PD deficiency (38 workers) and a subgroup of β-thalassaemia carriers (32 workers). Tests for blood lead content (PbB) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) did not demonstrate significant differences between the 2 subgroups and the chosen controls, except that in the β-thalassaemia carriers the mean PbB value, when adjusted according to a 45% haematocrit value, was significantly higher than in the controls. From these results it appears that persons occupationally exposed to lead who have G-6-PD deficiency or who are carriers of β-thalassaemia in the heterozygote form, are not subject to any greater risk of adverse effects than those without these genetic conditions.
Medicina del lavoro, Jan.-Feb. 1987, Vol.78, No.1, p.75-84. Illus. 36 ref.

CIS 87-927 Wysocki J., Kalina Z., Owczarzy I.
Effect of organophosphoric pesticides on the behaviour of NBT-dye reduction and E rosette formation tests in human blood
These investigations revealed a significant decrease in the values of the examined cellular parameters of human immunity and in the absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood in 31 workers, as compared to 30 controls. Moreover, the NBT-dye reduction decrease was correlated with a reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The exposure time showed a negative linear correlation with the phagocytic index of the NBT-dye reduction test. It is concluded that depressed NBT-dye reduction and diminished spontaneous E rosette formation may be regarded as a reflection of the effect of organophosphoric chemicals on metabolic and membrane damage of human cells. A possible role of endogenous acetylcholine poisoning in the development of these pathologic conditions is also discussed.
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1987, Vol.59, No.1, p.63-71. 18 ref.

1986

CIS 89-169 Franklin I.M., Atkin K.
Employment of persons with sickle-cell disease and sickle-cell trait
This article discusses the problems of employment of persons with sickle-cell disease and trait (relatively common in people of Afro-Caribbean ancestry), and proposes guidelines as to their suitable working conditions. It includes the results of a survey of major employers in the West Midlands area of the United Kingdom which suggest that there is only limited public understanding of this disease. Persons with sickle-cell disease are severely disadvantaged in terms of employment because several factors (hypoxia, temperature extremes, dehydration, acidosis, high atmospheric pressure) can promote major health crises. Healthy persons with sickle-cell trait, however, are not subject to these factors, and should not be subject to any hiring restrictions.
Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine, Autumn 1986, Vol.36, No.3, p.76-79. 9 ref.

CIS 88-1245 Bannikov E.A.
Method of determination of sensitisation to chemical substances experimentally and in patients with occupational dermatosis by means of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Sposob opredelenija sensibilizacii k himičeskim veščestvam v ėksperimente i u bol'nyh professional'nymi dermatozami s pomošč'ju reakcii skorosti osedanija ėritrocitov [in Russian]
Animal experiments (guinea pigs) showed that the number of positive results of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate reaction do not differ from positive results obtained by the determination of leucocyte agglomeration or neutrophil damage. Modified erythrocyte sedimentation rate is proposed for determining sensitisation to Cr, Ni and Co in patients with occupational dermatosis. This simple method is accessible to any clinical laboratory and could be used in the mass periodical medical examinations of workers exposed to the irritants mentioned above.
Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Sep. 1986, No.9, p.45-46. Illus. 4 ref.

CIS 87-1495 Mann J.M., Francis H., Quinn T.C., Bila K., Asila P.K., Bosenge N., Nzilambi N., Jansegers L., Piot P., Ruti K., Curran J.W.
HIV seroprevalence among hospital workers in Kinshasa, Zaire: Lack of association with occupational exposure
A study of 2492 workers at the largest hospital in Zaire found that 6.4% of the personnel were HIV seropositive. Medical, administrative and manual workers had similar seroprevalence, and seropositivity was not associated with any measure of patient, blood or needle contact. Workers most likely to be seropositive were those who were relatively young, unmarried, or those with recent episodes of blood transfusion, hospitalisation or medical injection. These findings are consistent with other hospital-based studies indicating low risks for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 12 Dec. 1986, Vol.256, No.22, p.3099-3102. 15 ref.

CIS 87-992 Kavaldžieva B., Nikolova P., Halaceva L.
Changes in the content of adenyl nucleotides in erythrocytes of workers in occupational contact with manganese
Promeni v sadaržanieto na adenilnukleotidite v eritrociti na rabotnici v profesionalen kontakt s mangan [in Bulgarian]
ATP, ADP, AMP and inorganic phosphorus (P_n) were determined in the erythrocytes of workers in occupational contact with manganese. The ratios ADP/P_n and ATP/ADP were calculated, as well as the energy charge of erythrocytes and their phosphorylation potential. Subjects with the same age and sex distribution were taken as controls, no occupational noxae having been established in their working environment. The content of ATP, AMP, ADP and P_n was considerably higher in the erythrocytes of workers in occupational contact with manganese. The phosphorylation potential was 3 times higher and the ADP/P_n ratio over 6 times. The most substantial deviations for P_n, AMP and ADP were observed in workers with lengths of service from 5 to 10 years.
Higiena i zdraveopazvane, 1986, Vol.29, No.6, p.26-30. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 87-998 Fukumura A., Mano H., Higuchi T., Hananouchi M., Murase K., Kidokoro R., Aoi T., Hasegawa N.
Case of hepatoangiosarcoma in a cleaner of vinyl chloride polymerisation reactors
En-bi monomā chōgōsō seisōsha ni mirareta kankekkannikushu no 1-rei [in Japanese]
A 50-year-old Japanese male had been employed in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant; his job involved cleaning of the tanks for the polymerisation of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). The patient died of hepatoangiosarcoma in 1985. During the previous 10 years he had received periodic medical examination every 6 months. The tumour appeared 20 years after the initiation of exposure to VCM. The duration of exposure was about 4 years, but the amount of exposure was presumed to be considerably higher than that of other workers. Neither clinical manifestations nor abnormal data on laboratory examinations had been observed prior to onset of his illness, except persistent thrombocytopenia.
Japanese Journal of Traumatology and Occupational Medicine, Dec. 1986, Vol.34, No.12, p.976-982. Illus. 16 ref.

CIS 87-517 Moss A., Osmond D., Bacchetti P., Gerberding J., Levy J., Carlson J., Casavant C.
Risk of seroconversion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in San Francisco health workers
The occupational risk of acquiring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus infection in health workers exposed to AIDS patients and specimens was assessed by a serologic study at the hospital and collaborating research laboratories. A total of 101 medical workers without risk factors for AIDS were examined for antibodies to two isolates of the AIDS retrovirus (AIDS associated retrovirus 2 [ARV-2] and human T cell lymphotropic virus III). Most had heavy long-term exposure to AIDS patients and 29 had been exposed by needlestick or mucocutaneous accident. None of the 101 had antibodies to ARV-2 by immunofluorescence or to HTLV-III by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot.
Journal of Occupational Medicine, Sep. 1986, Vol.28, No.9, p.821-824. Illus. 21 ref.

CIS 87-561 Kavaldžieva B.
Erythrocytometric indices of workers in occupational contact with manganese
Eritrocitometrični pokazateli na rabotnici v profesionalen kontakt s mangan [in Bulgarian]
Thirty-five workers in occupational contact with manganese and 22 controls were studied. The mean diameter of erythrocytes was halometrically determined. The mean volume, mean thickness and index of sphericity were calculated. The mean diameter of erythrocytes was increased in the exposed workers. The mean thickness of erythrocytes was less. The index of sphericity (4.31±0.59, versus 3.74±0.47 for the controls) indicated a tendency to planocytosis in the exposed workers.
Higiena i zdraveopazvane, 1986, Vol.29, No.5, p.28-32. Illus. 14 ref.

CIS 87-647 Lin J.
Biochemical and blood-routine changes in miners exposed to vibration in a copper mine in Kwangxi
Guangxi moutongkuang jubu zhendong zuoye gongren shenghua he xuechanggui bianhua de tantao [in Chinese]
Biochemical and haematological changes were studied in 153 miners exposed to vibration (involving 69 miners with and 84 miners without white-finger syndrome), and 61 workers who had never been exposed to vibration in their work. The differences were statistically significant (p <0.05) between the exposed and control workers for levels of hydroxyproline, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and total cholesterol in the urine and serum, but not significant for the results of protein electrophoresis, serum immunoglobulin and blood-routine tests.
Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases, 1986, Vol.12, No.2, p.73-76. 3 ref.

CIS 86-1547 Imbriani M., Ghittori S., Prestinoni A., Longoni P., Cascone G., Gamba G.
Effects of dimethylformamide (DMF) on coagulation and platelet activity
The effects of dimethylformamide (DMF) on haemostatic functions, especially on platelet activity, were examined both in vitro and in vivo in 15 workers exposed to DMF (27mg/m³, median value). Twenty-eight control subjects who were not exposed to DMF, but comparable for age, anthropometric data and smoking habits were also studied. Workers exposed to DMF showed a decrease in the number of platelets and had longer coagulation times, probably due to a change caused by DMF on the membrane receptor of platelets and on the phospholipid components of the clotting system.
Archives of Environmental Health, Mar.-Apr. 1986, Vol.41, No.2, p.90-93. Illus. 17 ref.

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