This study focuses on working conditions of workers originating from Indigenous and Tribal populations (ITP) in Bangladesh’s urban economy. The purpose has been to generate new and updated knowledge and empirical evidence on their working conditions, particularly in the garment and beauty parlour industries. For comparative insight, workers of non-ITP origin working in these two sectors were also included in the study. The investigation was undertaken to identify the status of the surveyed workers in terms of: (i) Fundamental principles and rights at work; (ii) Working conditions and remuneration; and (iii) Perception on ethnicity, indigenous identity, social origin, disability or other grounds.