Port reform is a continual process that takes place at different rates and from different starting points according to circumstances. There is, therefore, no universal standard formula for port restructuring. In order to ensure that the issues concerning structural adjustment in ports are effectively addressed in a transparent manner, this publication aims to strengthen the capacity and institutions for social dialogue in the process of structural adjustment and private sector participation in ports in many countries and, in turn, assist in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of port operations, and the working conditions of port workers, thereby enhancing economic and social development.