Working papers
2008
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Indonesia: Implementation of the national social security law
01 January 2008
In 2004, the Indonesian Parliament approved a major legislative achievement providing a basic framework for the development of a national social security and social assistance system. The law stipulates the principles and goals of the National Social Security System supervised by a Council and concerning programmes to cover five major policy areas: health insurance, employment injury, old-age, pensions and death benefits. Employers have the obligation to enrol their employees in the social security schemes and to jointly pay the contributions. Moreover it is stipulated that the Government will provide social assistance to the poor. Consequently this law is supposed to be a major step forward in the development of a comprehensive national social security system in Indonesia. However, so far it has failed to give meaningful impact except for covering the poor. Moreover, the law does not mention the transition measures from the existing segmented schemes to the ultimate system, nor does it mention other points concerning provisions, administration, and coordination. These issues need to be addressed if the system is to be implemented efficiently.
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India: State Government sponsored Health protection programme (Jharkhand)
01 January 2008
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India:State Government sponsored community health insurance scheme (Andhra Pradesh)
01 January 2008
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India: Self-Employed women's association insurance scheme (Gujarat)
01 January 2008
The Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), registered since 2006 as a trade union, has developed an innovative and promising approach. It represents the interests of some one million poor women working in the informal economy, and covers 194,000 people, 80% of them living in Gujarat State. SEWA's aims are to organize women workers to attain full employment security and to make them individually and collectively self-reliant, economically independent and capable of making their own decisions. The risks covered are the following: health, life, accidental death, assets and maternity. SEWA has it own bank and an innovative insurance scheme called VimoSEWA. Currently the insurance plan still has challenges to face such as increasing health benefits, shifting from individual to family enrollment, reducing administrative costs, etc.
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India: Municipality of Indore Health Insurance Scheme (Madhya Pradesh)
01 January 2008
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India: Extension of maternity protection: Initial assessment of Janany Suraksha Yojana (JSY) in Orissa
01 January 2008
By examining the practical adaptation of the national JSY maternal and neo-natal health scheme guidelines to the state of Orissa, this case study report provides an insight on the concrete functioning of the centrally-sponsored Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme; a division of the National Rural Health Mission which took effect in April 2005. Orissa had been identified by JSY as one of ten "low performing states" with an institutional delivery rate of below 25%.
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India: Employer based Health Protection mechanisms - a plurality of arrangements
01 January 2008
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India: A provident fund for unorganized workers
01 January 2008
The Provident Fund set up in West Bengal provides a good example of a tailor-made pension mechanism allowing a wide range of unorganised sector workers to access old-age benefits. This scheme was set up following a wide consultation process with various trade unions and professional associations, demonstrating the need to involve all stakeholders in the design phase of any new social security programme. The unorganised sector in India constitutes 94% of the total workforce of the country. At the beginning of the year 2006, a total of 676,000 workers were enrolled in the scheme.
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Fiji:Extension of coverage of the Fiji National Provident Fund
01 January 2008
2006
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What is the impact of social health protection on access to health
06 November 2006
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What is the impact of social health protection on access to health care, health expenditure and impoverishment? A comparative analysis of three African countries
06 November 2006
This paper summarizes the results of three individual research projects (Asfaw, 2005; Lamiraud et al., 2005; Xu et al., 2005) measuring the impact of membership in a health insurance scheme in three African countries, namely Kenya, Senegal and South Africa. The first section briefly outlines the health care systems in Kenya, Senegal and South Africa, followed by a short description of the methodology and data used in the research. The last two sections focus on empirical results and policy implications.
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Perspectives on the social security system of China
06 November 2006
The essential aim of the present study is an integrated understanding, in its relevant historical context, of the past, present and projected development of the social security system of China. In order to do so, an assessment is made of each of the benefit programmes administered either directly or indirectly under the auspices of the government, including both the social insurance programmes under the supervision of the MOLSS and the social assistance programme administered by the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MOCA). These aspects form the subjects of, respectively, Chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 3 offers a social protection development agenda, designed to address strategic issues and possible directions which policy makers may wish to consider for the optimal delivery of social protection to the people of China.
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Minimum income and social integration: Institutional arrangements in Europe
01 January 2006
Fighting Social Exclusion Series
2005
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The role of social health protection in reducing poverty: The case of Africa
06 November 2005
Provides evidence that the poverty implications of ill health are clear. There is a strong case for expanding social protection in sub-Sahara Africa: an ethical reason (social protection is a human right), a social reason (there is a strong demand for unmet effective, affordable and non discriminating systems of social protection) and a technical reason (there is little documented evidence of social health protection on health status, poverty reduction and economic growth). If African social protection systems are to cover effectively more people than is the case today, they will need to take a multiform appearance.
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The impact of social health protection on access to healt care, health expenditure and impoverishment. A case study of South Africa
06 November 2005
The objective of this study is to analyse the role of social health protection in access to care and poverty reduction in South Africa. More precisely, the study assesses the impact of health insurance coverage on the utilization of health care services and out-of-pocket health care expenditure given use. Special attention is paid to the determinants of catastrophic health care payments and their impact on impoverishment
2004
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Social security, poverty reduction and development. Arguments for enlarging the concept and coverage of social security in a globalizing world
06 November 2004
The paper has attempted to put forward a number of arguments for enlarging both the concept and the coverage of social security especially in developing countries. It argues that social security should address the twin problems of deficiency and adversity. As such the concept of social security has been enlarged to include, what may be called, Basic Social Security (BSS) to take care of deficiency and Contingent Social Security (CSS) to meet contingencies.
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Sharpening the Focus on the Poor: Policy Options for advancing social health protection in Indonesia
06 November 2004
Sixty per cent of Indonesia's population is working in the informal sector; most of them are poor and lack social health protection. Extending coverage to the informal sector will make the poor more productive and employable. Overcoming exclusion of the poor from social health protection and cutting links between poverty and health is a pre-requisite for social and economic development. It will contribute to achieving human dignity and social justice.
2003
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The Welfare Fund for Construction Workers in Tamil Nadu
06 November 2003
Although there are some social security schemes of national application in India, such as the Employees Provident Fund Scheme, they focus on the organized sector, whereas there is a need for a national social security policy. Some states, however, have given greater priority to social security through the establishment of non-contributory social assistance schemes, and the national government has in recent years tried to reinforce these efforts through the National Social Assistance programme. Some states such as Tamil Nadu and Kerala have also given priority to providing social security to unorganized workers through the development of welfare funds based on occupational groups.
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The Bono Solidario in Ecuador. An exercise in targeting
06 November 2003
The goal of social protection systems is to promote equal opportunities by granting benefits to the vulnerable segments of society who lack access to basic goods and services. This is an ongoing function, since the risk of marginalization and exclusion is always present, and may even increase during economic crises. These systems must ensure that situations of temporary poverty do not become permanent, thereby avoiding losses of human and material capital. They must also guarantee a basic level of consumption to the poor and indigent, while at the same time ensuring that these segments of the population are targeted by programmes and policies aimed at changing their living conditions in the long term. In 1999, the budget items "Total Social Spending", "Solidarity Fund" and "Other Specific Programmes" together accounted for 6.2 per cent of the country's GDP.
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Social protection and crises in the Congo. From humanitarian aid to sustainable development
06 November 2003
The objective of providing emergency aid for needy people must not suffer from trial and error, strategies for integrating people into the economy must be devised and implemented by creating jobs and providing training and social protection in an integrated manner. This approach would help recipients to evolve beyond the dependency on welfare inherent in humanitarian programmes and empower them in a programme for development.