ILO publications

2004 

• Human Trafficking in Europe: an Economic Perspective - [pdf 375 KB]
  This paper is a broad mapping survey, placing the concerns of trafficking within broader migration analysis (including the role of irregular migration). It comments on the financial flows involved in trafficking, and on the different patterns of financing trafficking services. ...
• Forced Labour: Definition, Indicators and Measurement - [pdf 344 KB]
  This paper represents a first step to estimate the global magnitude of forced labour. It describes the various forms of forced labour in existence, reviews available indicators of forced labour, summarises and discusses some methods that have been used for measurement, and provides some guidance for future work on the subject.
• Bonded Labour in agriculture: a rapid assessment in Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan - [pdf 712 KB]
  This Working Paper is one of a series of Rapid Assessments of bonded labour in Pakistan, each of which examines a different economic sector. The aim of these studies is to inform the implementation of the Government of Pakistan’s National Policy and Plan of Action for the Abolition of Bonded Labour, adopted in 2001. ...
• Bonded Labour in agriculture: a rapid assessment in Punjab and North West frontier province, Pakistan - [pdf 611 KB]
  This Working Paper is one of a series of Rapid Assessments of bonded labour in Pakistan, each of which examines a different economic sector. Dr G. M. Arif, of the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) in Islamabad, is the author of this paper on bonded labour in the agriculture sector in Punjab and North West Frontier Province.
• Unfree labour in Pakistan: work, debt and bondage in brick kilns - [pdf 497 KB]
  This paper on bonded labour in Pakistan’s brick sector was prepared by a team of researchers / activists from the Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER) in Karachi.
• A rapid assessment of bonded labour in the carpet industry of Pakistan - [pdf 393 KB]
  This paper , written by Dr Zafar Mueen Nasir, of the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics in Islamabad, deals with on bonded labour in Pakistan’s carpet-weaving sector.
• A rapid assessment of bonded labour in domestic work and begging in Pakistan - [pdf 534 KB]
  This paper examines labour arrangements and bonded labour in domestic work and begging. The research and analysis was undertaken by a team of researchers from the Collective for Social Science Research in Karachi. The same team also investigated domestic work and begging, the results of which are reported in another Working Paper.
• A rapid assessment of bonded labour in hazardous industries in Pakistan: glass bangle-making, tanneries and construction - [pdf 583 KB]
  This paper examines labour arrangements and bonded labour in three hazardous industrial sectors in Pakistan: construction, glass bangle-making and tanneries. The research and analysis was undertaken by a team of researchers from the Collective for Social Science Research in Karachi. ...
• A Rapid Assessment of Bonded Labour in Pakistan's Mining Sector - [pdf 914 KB]
  This paper, written by Mr Ahmad Salim, of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute in Islamabad, deals with bonded labour in Pakistan’s mining sector.

2001 

• Bonded labour in Pakistan - [pdf 301 KB]
  This paper, based upon interviews with Government and non-governmental sources in Pakistan, as well as a survey of several thousand sharecropping tenant families in rural Sindh, was written as background material for the first ILO Global Report under the Declaration Follow-Up on the subject of Forced Labour.
• Stopping Forced Labour - [pdf 892 KB]
  Forced Labour is universally condemned. Yet the elimination of its numerous forms — old and new, ranging from slavery and debt bondage to trafficking in human beings — remains one of the most complex challenges facing local communities, national governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations and the international community. ...

1996 

• World of Work Magazine No. 17, September/October 1996 - [pdf 1411 KB]
  More and better jobs for women