ILO publications

2005

1. Bonded labour in Bolivia

   03 January 2005

   (Only available in Spanish) Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación en Bolivia, encargada por un antropólogo y un científico social, sobre el trabajo forzoso en la zafra de azúcar en Santa Cruz, la castaña en el norte amazónico boliviano y las comunidades cautivas del Chaco.

2. Bonded labour in Paraguay

   03 January 2005

   (Only available in Spanish) A través del presente informe, la OIT pretende dar respuesta a la petición del Gobierno de Paraguay de establecer de manera objetiva los hechos relativos al trabajo forzoso y la discriminación que sufren los indígenas en el Chaco paraguayo. Este tipo de trabajo forzoso, es a menudo una manifestación de un patrón más amplio de discriminación hacia los indígenas. Es importante señalar, que el trabajo forzoso existe en una minoría de las haciendas del Chaco.

3. Forced Labour In Peru

   03 January 2005

   (Only available in Spanish) Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación, encargada por un antropólogo y un científico social, sobre la existencia del trabajo forzoso en Perú.

4. Forced Labour and Human trafficking: Estimating the Profits

   03 January 2005

   As part of SAP-FL research on the quantitative and economic dimensions of forced labour and human trafficking, this Paper aims to estimate the magnitude of global profits that are being realized through the exploitation of forced labourers.

5. Trafficking and exploitation of Chinese migrants in France

   01 January 2005

   (Only available in French) Cette étude porte sur les migrants nouvellement arrivés qui travaillent dans plusieurs secteurs de l'économie souterraine.

6. 

   Human trafficking and forced labour exploitation - guidance for legislation and law enforcement

   01 January 2005

   This guide has been designed to provide lawmakers and law enforcement authorities with practical aid to understand and implement international standards on human trafficking and to take action accordingly.

7. Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Japan

   01 January 2005

   The present publication focuses on the severe problems of sexual exploitation, given that this appears to be the main issue of concern in Japan today. It aims to present a clearer profile of human trafficking: the victims, the abuses they suffer, and the deceptions used by traffickers. It focuses primarily on the experiences of victims in order to better understand the push and pull factors of trafficking, providing details on both the situation in three main countries of origin (Colombia, the Philippines and Thailand) and the social and legal factors that make Japan a profitable market in particular for organized crime groups.

2004

1. Trafficking of migrant workers from Romania: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation

   10 January 2004

   This paper, prepared by a team of Romanian researchers under the supervision of Dr. Catalin Ghinarau, and by Mariska N.J. van der Linden, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue in the region and in particular in Romania.

2. Chinese migrants and Forced Labour in Europe

   07 January 2004

   This working paper, by Chinese lawyer Gao Yun, is the result mainly of a desk review drawing on existing literature about Chinese migration to Europe, and of analysis of current Chinese law on trafficking. (Available in French, English and Chinese)

3. Human Trafficking in Europe: an Economic Perspective

   06 January 2004

   This paper is a broad mapping survey, placing the concerns of trafficking within broader migration analysis (including the role of irregular migration). It comments on the financial flows involved in trafficking, and on the different patterns of financing trafficking services. It also contains a brief review of the evidence, as to the extent to which organized crime is involved in human trafficking.

4. A Rapid Assessment of Bonded Labour in Pakistan's Mining Sector

   03 January 2004

   This paper, written by Mr Ahmad Salim, of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute in Islamabad, deals with bonded labour in Pakistan’s mining sector.

5. A rapid assessment of bonded labour in hazardous industries in Pakistan: glass bangle-making, tanneries and construction

   03 January 2004

   This paper examines labour arrangements and bonded labour in three hazardous industrial sectors in Pakistan: construction, glass bangle-making and tanneries. The research and analysis was undertaken by a team of researchers from the Collective for Social Science Research in Karachi. The same team also investigated domestic work and begging, the results of which are reported in another Working Paper.

6. A rapid assessment of bonded labour in domestic work and begging in Pakistan

   03 January 2004

   This paper examines labour arrangements and bonded labour in domestic work and begging. The research and analysis was undertaken by a team of researchers from the Collective for Social Science Research in Karachi. The same team also investigated domestic work and begging, the results of which are reported in another Working Paper.

7. A rapid assessment of bonded labour in the carpet industry of Pakistan

   03 January 2004

   This paper , written by Dr Zafar Mueen Nasir, of the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics in Islamabad, deals with on bonded labour in Pakistan’s carpet-weaving sector.

8. Unfree labour in Pakistan: work, debt and bondage in brick kilns

   03 January 2004

   This paper on bonded labour in Pakistan’s brick sector was prepared by a team of researchers / activists from the Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER) in Karachi.

9. Bonded Labour in agriculture: a rapid assessment in Punjab and North West frontier province, Pakistan

   03 January 2004

   This Working Paper is one of a series of Rapid Assessments of bonded labour in Pakistan, each of which examines a different economic sector. Dr G. M. Arif, of the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE) in Islamabad, is the author of this paper on bonded labour in the agriculture sector in Punjab and North West Frontier Province.

10. Bonded Labour in agriculture: a rapid assessment in Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan

    03 January 2004

    This Working Paper is one of a series of Rapid Assessments of bonded labour in Pakistan, each of which examines a different economic sector. The aim of these studies is to inform the implementation of the Government of Pakistan’s National Policy and Plan of Action for the Abolition of Bonded Labour, adopted in 2001. Maliha Hussein and her collaborators were responsible for preparation of this paper on bonded labour in the agriculture sector in Sindh and Balochistan provinces. It should be read in conjunction with a companion paper that covers Punjab and North West Frontier Province.

11. Forced Labour: Definition, Indicators and Measurement

    03 January 2004

    This paper represents a first step to estimate the global magnitude of forced labour. It describes the various forms of forced labour in existence, reviews available indicators of forced labour, summarises and discusses some methods that have been used for measurement, and provides some guidance for future work on the subject.

2001

1. Bonded labour in Pakistan

   01 June 2001

   This paper, based upon interviews with Government and non-governmental sources in Pakistan, as well as a survey of several thousand sharecropping tenant families in rural Sindh, was written as background material for the first ILO Global Report under the Declaration Follow-Up on the subject of Forced Labour.

2. Stopping Forced Labour

   01 January 2001

   Forced Labour is universally condemned. Yet the elimination of its numerous forms — old and new, ranging from slavery and debt bondage to trafficking in human beings — remains one of the most complex challenges facing local communities, national governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations and the international community. Tackling this denial of human freedom calls for multidimensional solutions to address the disparate forms that forced labour takes.