Forced labour in the Russian Federation today: irregular migration and trafficking in human beings

Russia faces complex challenges as both a sender and destination country of trafficked persons. Migration management has presented obvious difficulties, as new regulations are put in place for access of individuals from the former Soviet Union countries to the Russian labour market. As in other industrialized countries with major demand for seasonal and temporary labour, there is a risk that unprotected migrant workers can be subject to coercive labour conditions unless adequate safeguards are in place.