Europe and Middle-east

2012

1. 

   Joint UN Commentary on the EU Directive on human trafficking – A Human Rights-Based Approach

   07 March 2012

   “Prevent. Combat. Protect” is the joint UNHCR, OHCHR, UNICEF, UNODC, ILO and UN Women commentary on selected articles of the EU Directive on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting victims. It promotes a human rights-based approach, provides guidance to policy-makers and legislators in EU Member States on key articles of the Directive, and makes recommendations for the transposition and implementation of the Directive.

2009

1. Labour migration and the emergence of private employment agencies in Tajikistan: A review of current law and practice

   01 December 2009

   Joint publication of the International Labour Organization and the International Organisation for Migration. This study is the first in-depth analysis of the normative framework regulating PrEAs in Tajikistan. It also describes practical experiences of the industry including various abusive practices that require the attention of law makers.

2008

1. Human Trafficking And Forced Labour - Case studies and responses from Portugal

   01 May 2008

   The objective of the book is to study the phenomena of labour exploitation and forced labour to which immigrants and, in particular, victims of human trafficking, are subjected in Portugal. It also sheds light on the treatment of Portuguese emigrants in select destination countries.

2. Forced labour and trafficking in Europe: how people are trapped in, live through and come out

   11 February 2008

   The paper is based on ILO research carried out between 2003 and 2007. It summarizes largely qualitative research from ten European source, transit and destination countries. It is therefore the result of a collective effort of researchers from many countries. The purpose of this project was to close a gap in current research that exists up to today: Most trafficking-related research, in particular primary research, focuses on trafficking of women for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Other forms of trafficking, such as those linked to forced labour in labour-intensive economic sectors, are still under-researched and under-theorized.

2006

1. Legal aspects of trafficking for forced labour purposes in Europe

   04 January 2006

   With numerous case examples of law and judicial practice from Europe, and some other countries, Rohit Malpani painstakingly reviews the present gaps in identification and prosecution of trafficking for forced labour cases, as well as deficiencies in approaches to prevention and to compensation for the abuses suffered by the victims of trafficking.

2005

1. 

   Forced labour in the Russian Federation today: irregular migration and trafficking in human beings

   01 November 2005

   Throughout the world, more and more attention is given to the problem of trafficking in human beings. The trade in human beings and the use of slave labour are serious and burning issues which are relevant for Russia at present.

2. 

   Trafficking for labour and sexual exploitation in Germany

   01 November 2005

   Germany is an important destination contry for migrant workers from all over the world. Many of them work on the basis of mutually beneficial agreements made with their employers, but many are forced into submission by deception, threats, abuse, fraud and coercion.

3. Trafficking of migrant workers from Ukraine: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation

   11 January 2005

   This paper, prepared by a team of Ukrainian researchers and ILO consultants, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue affecting labour migration from Ukraine. It also promotes a holistic approach to the eradication of trafficking with the active participation of labour market institutions in national action plans.

4. Forced Labour outcomes of migration from Moldova: rapid assessment

   11 January 2005

   This Working Paper on trafficking for forced labour exploitation was prepared by a team of Moldovan researchers and ILO consultants.

5. Trafficking of migrant workers from Albania: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation

   09 January 2005

   This paper, prepared by a team of researchers from the International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC)and ILO consultants, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue affecting labour migration from Albania. It also promotes a holistic approach to the eradication of trafficking with the active participation of labour market institutions in national action plans.

6. Trafficking and exploitation of Chinese migrants in France

   01 January 2005

   (Only available in French) Cette étude porte sur les migrants nouvellement arrivés qui travaillent dans plusieurs secteurs de l'économie souterraine.

2004

1. Trafficking of migrant workers from Romania: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation

   10 January 2004

   This paper, prepared by a team of Romanian researchers under the supervision of Dr. Catalin Ghinarau, and by Mariska N.J. van der Linden, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue in the region and in particular in Romania.

2. Human Trafficking in Europe: an Economic Perspective

   06 January 2004

   This paper is a broad mapping survey, placing the concerns of trafficking within broader migration analysis (including the role of irregular migration). It comments on the financial flows involved in trafficking, and on the different patterns of financing trafficking services. It also contains a brief review of the evidence, as to the extent to which organized crime is involved in human trafficking.