Europe and Middle-east

2008 

• Human Trafficking And Forced Labour - Case studies and responses from Portugal - [pdf 6909 KB]
  The objective of the book is to study the phenomena of labour exploitation and forced labour to which immigrants and, in particular, victims of human trafficking, are subjected in Portugal. It also sheds light on the treatment of Portuguese emigrants in select destination countries.
• Forced labour and trafficking in Europe: how people are trapped in, live through and come out - [pdf 362 KB]
  The paper is based on ILO research carried out between 2003 and 2007. It summarizes largely qualitative research from ten European source, transit and destination countries. It is therefore the result of a collective effort of researchers from many countries. ...

2006 

• Legal aspects of trafficking for forced labour purposes in Europe - [pdf 625 KB]
  With numerous case examples of law and judicial practice from Europe, and some other countries, Rohit Malpani painstakingly reviews the present gaps in identification and prosecution of trafficking for forced labour cases, as well as deficiencies in approaches to prevention and to compensation for the abuses suffered by the victims of trafficking.

2005 

• Trafficking for labour and sexual exploitation in Germany - [pdf 270 KB]
  Germany is an important destination contry for migrant workers from all over the world. Many of them work on the basis of mutually beneficial agreements made with their employers, but many are forced into submission by deception, threats, abuse, fraud and coercion.
• Forced labour in the Russian Federation today: irregular migration and trafficking in human beings - [pdf 1309 KB]
  Throughout the world, more and more attention is given to the problem of trafficking in human beings. The trade in human beings and the use of slave labour are serious and burning issues which are relevant for Russia at present.
• Forced Labour outcomes of migration from Moldova: rapid assessment - [pdf 501 KB]
  This Working Paper on trafficking for forced labour exploitation was prepared by a team of Moldovan researchers and ILO consultants.
• Trafficking of migrant workers from Ukraine: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation - [pdf 481 KB]
  This paper, prepared by a team of Ukrainian researchers and ILO consultants, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue affecting labour migration from Ukraine. It also promotes a holistic approach to the eradication of trafficking with the active participation of labour market institutions in national action plans.
• Trafficking of migrant workers from Albania: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation - [pdf 257 KB]
  This paper, prepared by a team of researchers from the International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC)and ILO consultants, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue affecting labour migration from Albania. It also promotes a holistic approach to the eradication of trafficking with the active participation of labour market institutions in national action plans.
• Trafficking and exploitation of Chinese migrants in France
  (Only available in French) Cette étude porte sur les migrants nouvellement arrivés qui travaillent dans plusieurs secteurs de l'économie souterraine.

2004 

• Trafficking of migrant workers from Romania: Issues of labour and sexual exploitation - [pdf 403 KB]
  This paper, prepared by a team of Romanian researchers under the supervision of Dr. Catalin Ghinarau, and by Mariska N.J. van der Linden, argues that trafficking for labour exploitation is an emerging issue in the region and in particular in Romania.
• Chinese migrants and Forced Labour in Europe - [pdf 138 KB]
  This working paper, by Chinese lawyer Gao Yun, is the result mainly of a desk review drawing on existing literature about Chinese migration to Europe, and of analysis of current Chinese law on trafficking. (Available in French, English and Chinese)
• Human Trafficking in Europe: an Economic Perspective - [pdf 375 KB]
  This paper is a broad mapping survey, placing the concerns of trafficking within broader migration analysis (including the role of irregular migration). It comments on the financial flows involved in trafficking, and on the different patterns of financing trafficking services. ...