India
Socioeconomic indicators
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Demography |
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- - Total population (millions), 2002:1,049.5 (i)
- - Annual population growth rate (%), 2002/15:1.3 (i)
- - Population under age 15 (% of total), 2002:33.3 (i)
- - Urban population (% of total), 2002:28.1 (i)
- - Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2002:67
(i)
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Education |
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- - Youth literacy rate (%, age 15-24), 2001:73.3 (i)
- - Female youth literacy rate (%, age 15-24), 2001:65.8
(i)
- - Primary school enrolment ratio (gross), 1997/00: Male
111/Female 92 (ii)
- - Secondary school enrolment ratio (gross), 1997/00: Male
57/Female 40 (ii)
- - Net primary school attendance, 1992/02 (%): Male 79/Female
73 (iii)
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Economy |
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- - GDP/capita (PPP US$), 2002:2,670 (i)
- - Unemployment rate (current daily status in %),1999/00:7.32
(iii)
- - Population living below the national poverty line(%)
1990/01:28.6 (i)
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Source:
(i) Human Development Report 2004
(ii) UNICEF: The State of the World’s
Children 2004
(iii) Economic Survey 2002/03, Government
of India
Child labour situation
In India, the problem of child labour is well recognized. There
are varying estimates of the number of working children in the country
due to differing concepts and methods of estimation. The 1991 national
census estimates the number of working children at 11.2 million
( 1 ) (out of a total of 210 million children aged 5-14 years), of whom 9.08 million are classified as 'main' workers ( 2 ), and
2.2 million as 'marginal' workers ( 3 ).
The 55th Round of the National Sample Survey, carried out by the
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) in 1999/00, indicates
that there are about 10.4 million working children ( 4 ).
- The analysis of the 1991 census data reveals that the population
of working children is composed of 6.189 million boys and 5.095
million girls. In addition, it is found that the majority of 'main'
workers are boys, whereas the majority of 'marginal' workers are
girls;
- According to the 1991 census, about 90 per cent of working children
live in rural areas;
- Children are engaged in various types of work, including those
that are classified as 'hazardous', i.e. harmful to the physical,
emotional, or moral well-being of children. An estimated 2 million
children work in hazardous industries ( 5 );
- Although there are inter-state and inter-regional variations in India, the factors that generate child labour, and hazardous child labour in particular, include parental poverty and illiteracy; social and economic circumstances; lack of awareness; lack of access to basic and meaningful quality education and skills; high rates of adult unemployment and underemployment, and cultural values of the family and society.
Note 1 - Registrar General, Government
of India, Census of India 1991: Working Children in India, An
Analysis of the 1991 Census Data.
Note 2 - Those who have worked for 183 days
or 6 months preceding the date of enumeration.
Note 3 - Those who have not worked for more
than 183 days, but have done some work.
Note 4 - Ministry of Labour and Employment,
Working Group Report on Strategy for the 10th Plan.
Note 5 - Figure provided by the Ministry of
Labour and Employment, Government of India.
Disclaimer - The above map does not reflect
a position by the ILO on the legal status of any country or territory
or the delimitation of any frontiers. |
