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Informal Employment in Sri Lanka: Nature, probability of employment and determinants of wages
This paper looks at the nature of informal employment in Sri Lanka along three dimensions: its extent and nature; the characteristics of workers that increase the probability of their being in informal employment rather than in formal employment; and, the determinants of informal employees’ wages compared with formal employees’ wages. It is the first in Sri Lanka to look at informality in employment arrangements in terms of occupations or jobs as well as in terms of production units. As a result, it uses a broader and internationally accepted definition of informality that takes into account changes in employment relations that have occurred world-wide during the last twenty years, than has been hitherto possible.
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Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning
In the rural and peri-urban social and economic development context, the concept of accessibility can be applied to access to basic needs like drinking water, energy,
employment and basic services like education, health care and markets.
In the rural areas of many developing countries, travel and transport consume a large portion of the household budget in terms of money, energy and time. Due to the generally poor condition of the road network, entire areas can become isolated for long periods of the year. |
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Business Climate Surveys in the Districts of Kalutara and Matara
The Kalutara and Matara District books are a first step to compile and evaluate information highly relevant as a firm foundation for decision makers from Government, the private sector and all those organisations working on the betterment of the social and economic situation of the poor and underprivileged. Besides, by providing districts with better information on their economic performance and that of their neighbours, differences become measurable and provide incentives for more focussed and coordinated action by local Government and business leaders / associations alike. |
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Survey on Post-Tsunami Settlements of Sri Lanka
From March to May 2007, ILO and RADA implemented a survey on post tsunami settlements, primarily aiming at analyzing availability and accessibility of economic and social infrastructure and livelihood changes. It analyses the resettlement progress and related livelihood recovery of its inhabitants more than two years after the start of the Tsunami housing construction scheme. The objective is to provide policy advice to both Government and Donors on completing the new settlement schemes and ensure that the beneficiaries will be able to regain their livelihoods. |
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Needs Assessment Survey for Income Recovery (NASIR) -IV
This book is the fourth in the series of Needs Assessment Survey for Income Recovery (NASIR) conducted in tsunami affected districts of Sri Lanka by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Reconstruction and Development Agency (RADA) with funding support of the Government of Norway. The principal objectives of the survey are to reveal the extent of livelihood recovery of affected communities and to ascertain the most important needs for livelihood development in tsunami affected districts. |
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Decent Work National Policy for Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is poised at a crucial point in its development process. Like many other countries in the region, it is grappling with the difficult challenge to maximize the benefits of globalization and distribute its benefits to as many people as possible, while minimizing its costs. This challenge calls for a response that will balance growth with equity, and economic development with social development, without sacrificing one for the other. |
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Community Access Programme
Fund Allocation Model Poverty,
Food Insecurity and Accessibility in Ampara
The Community Access Programme (CAP), funded by European Union and implemented by Local Authorities with the technical assistance of UNOPS and ILO, contributes to the overall community development and recovery in the Tsunami affected district of Ampara. CAP targets the most vulnerable communities within the district and ensures that increased and sustainable access is provided to basic facilities. Further, it aims at strengthening the capacities of public and private sector within the rural road sector and ultimately transferring a Transport Infrastructure Management System (TIMS) for them. ILO which provides technical assistance for planning services of the CAP has developed a Fund Allocation Model (FAM) to guide broad fund allocation at the Pradeshiya Sabha (PS) level for the three years of investment of the CAP. FAM which is modelled on the Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) also enables to select the most vulnerable local authorities for implementation of road rehabilitation during the First Year Investment Plan of CAP. |
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Technical Paper 5:
Guidelines on Progress Monitoring and Quality Control of Rural Road Construction in Sri Lanka
This technical paper examines the need for systematic progress monitoring and quality control in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of Class E roads. With an increasing emphasis on labour based technologies (that optimise rather than maximise the use of labour), there is a corresponding requirement to generate high quality projects that are cost effective and sustainable. Thus the paper outlines the effectiveness of labour based methodologies and recommends ways to ensure that works being implemented, under variety of mechanisms, are monitored for efficiency and produced to quality standards. It provides simple guidelines, examples and formats, based on actual practices from the field. |
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Needs Assessment Survey for Income Recovery (NASIR)
ILO’s latest survey released in June aimed at establishing the extent to which livelihood has been restored, what support households have received to get back to work and what their needs are to restore sustainable livelihoods. |
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Review of Rapid Income Recovery Program Funding and Activities
The principal objective of this paper is to review the progress of livelihood activities identified in the framework for post-tsunami livelihood restoration developed by the government with the assistance of the multilateral donor community, in respect of the three main instruments of rapid income recovery – social protection, cash for work, and economic rebuilding. The review includes an assessment of future investment requirements as well as the principles guiding livelihood restoration endorsed by the government, the donors and other stakeholders.
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ILO Social Security Inquiry in Sri Lanka
The objective of the ILO Social Security Inquiry is to collect and present statistical data on social security around the world. Making a new effort to improve the knowledge base in the field of social security, the ILO launched the ILO Social Security Inquiry in Sri Lanka May 2005
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Third Needs Assessment Survey for Income Recovery (NASIR 3)
This report presents the main findings from the Third Needs Assessment Survey for Income Recovery (NASIR 3), which was funded by the International Labour Organization (ILO) of the United Nations and was written by an independent consultant (Theresa M. Esquibel). Conducted in October 2005 --ten months after the tsunami of December 2004 -- it provides a “snapshot” of insight to the progress made by and the evolving needs of different sub-groups of the affected areas, especially those living near the coast. This report intends to be of practical use for a wide audience, including government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), local and international donors, and the general public.
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Future Directions for the Ministry of Labour Relations and Foreign Employment
The Ministry of Labour Relations and Foreign Employment aims to
accelerate the nation’s development efforts by transforming its labor
administration from one that was protectionist, reactive and enforcementoriented,
to one that is more developmental, proactive and service-oriented in
outlook.
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Needs Assessment Survey for Income Recovery (NASIR) - III
This report presents he main findings from the Third Needs Assessment Survey for income Recovery (NASIR 3) of tsunami-affected households in Sri Lanka funded by the international Labour Organization (ILO). Conducted in October 2005 - ten months after the tsunami of December 2004 - it provides a "snapshot" into the progress made in tsunami affected areas by highlighting the evolving financial and personal needs of different sub-groups, especially of working persons and persons living near the coast.
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Beyond Glass Ceilings and Brick Walls Gender at the Workplace
There are a number of gender-related labour regulatory frameworks that apply
to Sri Lankan women workers employed in the private sector. These provisions
are identified as sources and frameworks with the power to initiate institutional
change (see Introduction) through broad consensus-building and pressurizing.
The country ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1981.
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Company Policy
The Employers Federation of Ceylon (EFC) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) launched the Company policy Guidelines on Gender Equity and Equality on the 08th of November 2005. The aim is to encourage individual companies to practice their commitment to gender equity / equality by formally adopting and articulating a gender policy as part of ‘best business practices’/Human Resources Development policies. This envisages 12 areas of interventions for better integration equality guidelines in the company policies which includes in areas of Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development , Performance Appraisal, Promotions, Remuneration, Communications, Working Conditions, Prevention of Sexual Harassment, Workers with Family Responsibility, Compliance with Legislation, Monitoring and Ensuring Sustained Interest, Inspiration towards a New Work Ethics. These guidelines were prepared by Ms. Maithree Wickramasinghe and Dr. Wijaya Jayatilaka.
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| Reports - English » | Sinhala » | Tamil » |
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Technical Paper 1:
Lessons Learned and Research Findings on the Current Cash for Work Situation and their Influence on Project Design, May 2005
A field research in tsunami affected districts of Batticaloa, Galle and Jaffna on key issues related to Cash for Work initiatives conducted by independent consultants. In July 2005 (when the government will terminate the general cash and income transfers for tsunami affected people), TAFREN will launch intensive field operations of livelihood support programmes in these initial districts. The paper gives a snap shot of the situation on the ground and looks at key aspects that should be considered when formulating well designed and effective cash for work projects.
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Technical Paper 2:
Targeted Procurement: Aligning the Government Procurement System to Support Enhanced Employment Initiative in Infrastructure in the Rapid Income Recovery Programme
The report reviews the range of targeted procurement procedures which may be used to provide income generation through construction work contracts, reviews and assesses the government’s procurement arrangements, identifies constraints to the implementation of a targeted procurement systems to meet the immediate needs for a rapid recovery and reconstruction work carried out the government ministries and other agencies, and identifies what needs to be in done in the long term to facilitate implementation by the relevant management bodies. It found that the Government’s procurement system conforms to the “International Best Practice” and provides specific recommendations to take in the short and medium term.
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Technical Paper 3:
A Survey of the Demand for Temporary Employment in Cash for Work Projects, April-May 2005
This paper discusses the results of the Needs Assessment Survey on Income Recovery (NASIR) specifically in relation to Cash for Work (CFW). It concludes that CFW is an approach that is needed and viable. The demand for CFW is highest among the most severely tsunami-affected districts. The acceptance by most people interested in working in a CFW project, to be paid based upon measurable physical output is important for cost effectiveness and for achieving satisfactory technical quality standards.
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Technical Paper 4:
RADA/ILO LIVELIHOODS
One of the three pillars of the Government of Sri Lanka’s strategy for achieving sustainable livelihoods for tsunami affected people is the generation of temporary employment and incomes through community improvements. These improvements include the removal of tsunami debris, the repair of tsunami damaged public assets and the development of infrastructure that is needed by the communities to improve their social and economic potential.
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Technical Paper 5:
Income Recovery programme
The principal objective of this paper is to review the progress of the framework for post-tsunami livelihood restoration developed by the government with the assistance of the multilateral donor community, in respect of the three main instruments of rapid income recovery social protection, cash for work, and economic rebuilding. The review includes an assessment of future investment requirements as well as the principles guiding livelihood restoration endorsed by the government, the donors and other stakeholders.
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