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Towards full employment
Technical report for discussion at the Asian Regional Consultation on Follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development (Bangkok, 13-15 January 1999)
Table of CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgements
Overview
1. Introduction - 1.1 The context of the report
- 1.2 Full employment as an objective
- 1.3 Towards a policy framework
- 1.4 Structure of the report
2. Progress towards full employment: An assessment - 2.1 Some preliminaries
- 2.2 Assessing progress towards full employment: Some conceptual issues
- 2.3 Employment and labour market trends
- The employment situation in the mid-1990s
- The long-term trends
- Developments since 1995
- 2.4 Gender inequalities
- 2.5 Child labour
- 2.6 Conclusion
3. Past and current policies - 3.1 Growth strategies and macroeconomic policies
- Growth strategies
- Policy response to the Asian crisis
- 3.2 Labour policies and social dialogue
- Social dialogue and employment
- The institutional framework of social dialogue
- Social dialogue and employment adjustment
- Social dialogue and wage adjustment
- 3.3 Human resource development policies and programmes
- 3.4 Promotion of small and medium enterprises
- Some relevant facts
- Policies towards SMEs
- Globalization and SMEs
- 3.5 Reducing gender inequalities
- 3.6 The role and ratification status of international labour standards
- The Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122)
- The Fundamental rights Conventions
4. Major policy issues and areas for future ILO action - 4.1 National policy issues
- Growth strategies and macroeconomic policies
- Labour policies, social dialogue and safety nets
- Human resource development
- Development of small and medium enterprises
- Gender inequalities
- Child labour
- Concluding observations
- 4.2 Future ILO support for policy and institutional reforms
Annex: ILO activities in support of national efforts - Response to the Asian financial crisis
- Restructuring employment and labour market policies
- Employment policies
- Labour market policies
- Poverty alleviation and special employment schemes
- Promoting social dialogue
- Developing human resources
- Developing small and medium enterprises
- Promoting gender equality in employment
- Promoting the ratification and application of the fundamental rights Conventions
Selected documents consulted
Appendix tables - 2.1. Gross domestic product, gross national product per capita in selected economies, 1980-98
- 2.2. Population in selected economies, 1985-97
- 2.3. Labour force in selected economies, 1980-97
- 2.4. Labour force participation rates in selected economies, 1980-96
- 2.5. Employment by sector in selected economies, 1980-97
- 2.6. Employment growth in selected economies, 1985-98
- 2.7. Rate of unemployment in selected economies
- 2.8. Rate of unemployment by sex in selected economies, 1990-97
- 2.9. Sectoral employment disaggregated by sex in selected economies, around 1995
- 2.10. Women=s average wage as a percentage of men=s in manufacturing in selected economies, 1990-96
- 2.11. Percentage of labour force underemployed in selected economies, 1995-97
- 2.12. Labour force participation rate of children (between 10 and 14 years of age) in selected countries, 1995
- 2.13. Incidence of poverty in selected economies, 1985-96
- 2.14. Number of overseas migrants from major labour exporting countries in Asia, various years
- 2.15. Migration flows in selected Asian countries/region, 1997
- 2.16. Impact of the Asian financial crisis on migrant workers
Appendix tables - 3.1. Key dimensions of labour market flexibility
- 3.2. Trade union density in selected economies, 1985-95
- 3.3. Some examples of the key trade-offs to save or create jobs through social dialogue at national level
- 3.4. Actions to avoid retrenchment, Malaysia
- 3.5. Trends in real wages in selected countries, 1996-98
- 3.6. Wage bargaining in establishments, Republic of Korea
- 3.7. The relative importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in selected countries
- 3.8. SME intensity in selected countries
- 3.9. Changes in SME employment in selected economies
- 3.10. Impact of selected enterprise promotion projects
- 3.11. Policies to promote women=s full employment in Asia and the Pacific
- 3.12. Ratification of fundamental rights Conventions and the Employment Policy Convention, No. 122, 1964, Asia-Pacific economies (as on 1 December 1998)
- 3.13. Ratification of fundamental rights Conventions and the Employment 71
- Policy Convention, No. 122, 1964, Asia-Pacific subregions and world
- (as on 1 December 1998)
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