The Philippines, Occupational Safety and Health Standards
RULE 1940
FIRE PROTECTION AND CONTROL
Source:
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (As Amended).
Bureau of Working Conditions, Department of Labour and
Employment,
Manila, Philippines. Second Publication, as amended, 1990.
Copyright Reserved per P.D. 49
RULE 1940
1941 : General Provisions:
(1) All buildings for occupancy used shall be located in areas
provided for by applicable zoning regulations of the
locality.
(2) Specific standards in design and construction, occupancy
and use of buildings and facilities shall be those
prescribed by the Building Code of the Philippines.
(3) Fire tests of building materials and fire protection
equipment used in any place of employment shall be
those
provided for the Fire Code of the Philippines.
(4) Standards for the design and installation of indoor,
outdoor general storage, sprinkler system and fire
protection system shall be those provided for by
Chapter 9
of the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME)
Code.
1942 : Definitions:
When used in this Rule, the following, unless otherwise
indicated, shall mean:
(1) "Fire-Rating" - the time duration that a material shall
withstand a standard fire exposure test.
(2) "Flash Point" - the minimum temperature in degrees at which
material will give off flammable vapor
(3) " Wood-frame Construction " - a construction in which
wooden frame-work forms the structural support for
enclosure walls, floors, and doors.
(4) "Slow-burning Construction" - construction consisting of
substantial masonry walls and heavy timber interior.
(5) "Fire-resistant Construction'- construction in which all
walls, partitions, floors, stairs, roofs, window frames
and
sashes, doors and other interior finish, consist of
fire-
resistant materials designed to withstand, without
collapse
during burning of the contents of the building for a
specified time.
1943 : Building Construction and Facilities:
1943.01: Types of Building Constructions:
(1) The height of buildings used as places of employment shall
be as provided in Table 45a.
(2) Existing buildings not in conformity with Table 45a shall
be given five years to comply with the Standards.
(3) The number of stories provided in Table 45a may be
increased by two if approved automatic sprinkler
protection
is provided. This provision may be applicable to
existing
buildings if the discrepancy is only in the number of
stories.
1943.02: Segregation:
Processes involving serious explosions and flash-fire hazards
shall be located in segregated buildings and only a minimum
number of workers required in the process shall be allowed inside
at any given time.
1943.03: Exits:
(1) At least two exits shall be provided in every floor and
basement of every workplace capable of clearing the
work
area in five (5) minutes.
(2) Additional exits shall be provided if the travel distance
from any occupied space in a high hazard occupancy
exceeds
twenty-three (23) meters.
(3) In moderate or low-hazard occupancy, the travel distance
shall not be more than thirty-one (31) meters for
industrial establishments, sixty-one (61) meters for
business establishments and thirty and one-half (30.5)
meters for mercantile and commercial establishments.
(4) If approved automatic-sprinkler protection is installed,
the travel distance in high-hazard occupancy may be
increased to twenty-five (25) meters and for moderate
or
low-hazard occupancy may be increased to forty-six (46)
meters.
(5) The width of the exits shall be computed by dividing the
total occupants of a floor or a storey (maximum
allowable)
by sixty (60) in industrial and commercial
establishments
by forty-five (45) in service establishments, and by
seventy-five (75) in places of assembly and the
quotient
multiplied by fifty-five (55) to get the width of the
exit
in centimeters.
(6) On every floor, except the ground floor, one of the exits
shall lead to an inside stairway or a smoke-proof
tower,
while the other exits shall lead to inside stairways,
smoke-proof towers or horizontal exits.
(7) Slide escapes may be considered as exits in buildings
housing high hazard occupancies but these shall not
constitute more than twenty-five (25) percent of the
total
number of the required means of egress.
(8) Safe, continuous and unobstructed passageways with a
minimum width of at least one meter, but not less than
the
width of the exist, shall be provided and maintained.
(9) No steps or stairs shall be used in horizontal exits. When
there is a difference in level between cemented floor
areas, ramps or inclines of not more than one to ten (1
to
10) slopes shall be installed.
(10) The construction of the exits, including stairs and means
of illumination, shall be in accordance with the
provisions
of the Building Code and the Electrical Code of the
Philippines. In the absence of such provisions, the
Fire
Code of the Philippines shall apply.
1943.04: Stairways:
(1) Stairs, platforms, stairways and landings in buildings of
any type of construction over three (3) stories in
height
used as fire exits shall be constructed of
incombustible
materials.
(2) Building over three (3) stories in height of non-fire
resistant construction and with roofs having a slope of
less than 1 in 4, at least one stairway shall extend
through the roof.
(3) All stairways used as fire exits shall lead directly to the
street or through fire resistant passages with a width
of
at least equal to the aggregate width of all exits
discharging through such passages.
(4) All approaches to fire exits shall be cleared of any
obstruction and properly marked to make the direction
of
egress clear.
1943.05: Fire Doors:
(1) Stairway enclosures, fire exits and partitions shall be
provided with fire doors of the self-closing type and
easily opened from either side towards the line of
travel
in leaving the building except the last floor which
should
open away from the exit.
(2) Doors giving access to stairways shall not open directly on
stairs, but shall open on landings leaving a path of
travel
equal to at least the width of the door at any point
during
its swing.
(3) Doors swinging on both sides, vertical-sliding doors,
rolling shutters and revolving doors shall not be
allowed
as exits.
(4) Where for practical reasons swinging doors are not
suitable, horizontal sliding doors may be used.
(5) Doors from stairways to the outside of the building shall
have a width equal to at least the effective width of
the
stairs.
(6) Doors leading into or out of any building or floor shall
not be locked or fastened during period of occupancy.
1943.06: Installation of Facilities:
Installation of building facilities like hot water pipes,
chimneys, or heat producing appliances shall be ad provided in
this Standards
1943.07: Storage:
(1) Significant quantities of commodities with fire hazards
greater than ordinary combustible commodities shall be
separated from the main bulk by fire walls.
(2) Commodities which may be hazardous when combined with each
other shall be stored separately to prevent contact
with
each other.
(3) Water absorbed during fire fighting operations shall be
considered in the determination of safe floor loads.
1944 : Fire-Fighting Facilities:
1944.01: General Requirements:
(1) Portable installations, vehicles, except those for public
utility, are subject to the provisions of this
Standards.
1944.02: Water Supply:
(1) Where connection from a public water supply system is not
available, an adequate private water supply reservoir
capable of supplying all fire fighting systems for
eight
(8) hours shall be provided.
(2) Supply system, including tanks or reservoirs and pumps,
shall be located and protected that their operation or
use
will not be impaired by a fire in the workplace.
1944.03: Hydrants:
(1) Hydrants shall be of the same types and sizes as those used
by the local public fire department and located or
protected that they will not be exposed to mechanical
damage from vehicles.
1944.04: Hose:
(1) Hose couplings, outside hydrants or standing nipples shall
be of the same type and size as those used by the local
public fire department.
(2) Hose shall be thoroughly drained and dried after each use,
and tested at frequent intervals or at least once every
four (4) months.
1944.05: Portable Extinguisher:
(1) General Requirement:
a. all places of employment, including those where
automatic-sprinkler protection system is installed,
shall
be provided with portable fire extinguishers for
protection
against incipient fires;
b. portable extinguishers shall be maintained in fully charged
and operable condition and kept in their designated
places
at all times when not in use;
c. approved fire extinguishers shall be used;
d. extinguishers shall be installed on hangers or brackets
conspicuously located in unobstructed areas readily
accessible in the event of fire;
e. extinguishers having group weight not exceeding 18
kilograms shall be installed so that the top is not
more
than l.5 meter above the floor. Those exceeding 18 kgs,
except wheeled types, shall be installed not more than
1 m.
above the floor;
f. extinguishers shall be inspected monthly or at more
frequent intervals when circumstances require to ensure
they are in their designated places, to determine
physical
damages and that they are in good operable condition;
g. at regular intervals of not more than one year, or when
specifically indicated by an inspection, extinguishers
shall be thoroughly examined, recharged or repaired;
and
h. on the place where extinguishers are located, the type and
use of the extinguishers and instructions on its proper
use
shall be marked in visible and easily readable letters.
(2) Selection of Extinguishers:
Extinguishers shall be selected for the specific class
or
classes or hazards to be protected against in
accordance
with the following:
a. Extinguishers for Class "A" hazards, such as wood,
cloth,
paper, rubber and other similar ordinary materials,
shall
be selected from foam, loaded stream, multipurpose dry
chemical and water types;
b. Extinguishers for Class "B" hazards, fires in flammable
liquids, gases and greases, shall be selected from
carbon
dioxide, dry chemical, foam, loaded stream and
multi-purpose dry chemical;
c. Extinguishers for Class "C" hazards, fires which
involve
energized electrical equipment where the electrical
non-conductivity of the extinguishing media if of
importance, shall be selected from carbon dioxide, dry
chemicals, and multi-purpose dry chemicals;
When the electrical energy is disconnected. Class "C" fire may
be treated as either Class "A" or Class "B";
d. Extinguishers for protection of Class "D" hazards fire
in
combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium,
zirconium,
sodium and potassium, shall be of types approved for
use on
the specific combustible metal hazard. Only suitable
dry
powder extinguishers shall be used for metal fires;
e. Toxic vaporizing extinguisher is not recommended for any
type of fire;
f. Extinguishers which need to be inverted to operate are not
recommended for use;
g. Soda acid fire extinguishers are not recommended for use.
(3) Distribution of fire extinguishers:
a. Extinguishers for light hazards Class "A" fires, where
the
amount of combustible or flammable materials present
are of
such quantity that fires of small size may be expected
in
offices, schoolrooms, churches, assembly halls and
other
similar places shall be located that a person will not
travel more than thirty (30) meters from any point to
reach
the nearest extinguisher. One (1) unit of five to six
(5 to
6) quarts (1 1/4 to 1 1/2 gal.) foam extinguisher for
every
250 sq. meters (2,500 sq. ft.) of floor area or a
greater
fraction thereof shall be provided;
b. Extinguishers for ordinary hazards Class "A"
fires,where
the amount of combustible of flammable material present
are
such that fires of moderate size may be expected in
mercantile storage and displays auto showrooms, parking
garages, light manufacturing, warehouses not classified
as
extra hazard, school shops and other similar places
shall
be provided and located that a person will not travel
for
more than fifteen (15) meters from any point to reach
the
nearest extinguishing capacity for every 125 sq. meters
of
floor area or a greater fraction thereof;
c. Extinguishers for extra hazard Class "B" fires, where
the
amount of combustible or flammable materials present is
such that fires of severe magnitude may be expected in
woodworking auto repair, air craft servicing,
warehouses
with highpiled (5 meters or over) combustible
processes,
such as flammable liquid handling, painting and other
similar areas shall be provided with a 2.7 kgs dry
chemical
for every sixty (60) sq. meters of floor area or a
greater
fraction thereof;
d. For deep-layer flammable liquid Class "B" fires in deep
or
quench tanks, at least one numerical unit of
extinguishing
potential shall be provided for every sixty (60) sq.
meters
of floor area or a greater fraction thereof. The travel
distance to reach the nearest extinguisher shall not be
more than fifteen (15) meters. Multiple smaller
extinguishers shall not be used in lieu of larger units
required;
e. Extinguishers suitable for Class "B" fires are not
acceptable in lieu of the required extinguishers for
Class
"A" fires unless it has also a Class
"A" rating An
extinguisher carrying both Class "A" and
"B" ratings may be
accepted for area requirements under each individual
letter
classification and at the numerical rating for that
class;
f. Extinguishers with Class "C" rating shall be required
where
energized electrical equipment may be encountered. The
size
and location shall be on the basis of the anticipated
Class
"A" or "B" hazards;
g. Extinguishers shall have a durable tag securely attached to
show the maintenance and re-charge data and containing
the
signatures of persons performing the service;
h. Extinguishers shall be properly marked to indicate the
suitability of the extinguishers for particular class
of
fires;
i. Extinguishers shall be hydrostatically tested before use
and periodically tested at least once in every five (5)
years or as may be required by the enforcing authority
when inspection indicate the need for such examination,
1945 : Flammable and Combustible Liquids:
(1) This requirement shall apply to liquids with a flash point
of not more than 93.3°C.
(2) Liquids of flash points above 93.3°C which may assume the
characteristic of lower flash points liquids when
heated
shall be covered by this provision.
1945.01: Tank Storage:
(1) Tanks used for flammable and combustible liquids shall be
built of steel.
(2) Tanks may be built of materials other than steel for
underground installation or if required by the
properties
of the liquid stored shall be designed to
specifications
approved for the purpose.
(3) Unlined concrete tanks may be used for storing flammable or
combustible liquids having a gravity of 40 degrees or
heavier.
(4) Tanks located above ground or inside buildings shall be of
non-combustible construction.
1945.02: Design and Fabrication:
(1) The design and specification used in the construction and
installation of tanks shall be as provided under
applicable
regulations of the American Petroleum Institute and the
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code, which are
adopted
for this purpose
(2) Plans for fabrication and fabrication processes shall be
approved and supervised by the Bureau.
1945.03: Installation of Outside Tanks:
(1) Every above ground tank for the storage of flammable or
combustible liquids, except those liquids operating at
pressures not in excess of 2.5 psig. and equipped with
emergency venting which will not permit the pressure to
exceed 2.5 psig., shall be located in accordance with
Table
45b.
(2) Every above ground tank for the storage of flammable or
combustible liquids, except those liquids with
boil-over
characteristics and unstable or combustible liquids
operating at pressures exceeding 2.5 psig. and equipped
with emergency venting which will permit pressure to
exceed
2.5 psig. shall be located in accordance with Table 45
c.
(3) Every above ground tank for the storage of flammable or
combustible liquids with boil-over characteristics
shall be
located in accordance with Table 45 d.
(4) Every above ground tank for the storage of unstable liquids
shall be located in accordance with Table 45 e.
(5) Reference distances for use in Table 45b-e shall be as
provided in Table 45 f.
(6) The distance between two storage tanks shall not be less
than three (3) ft., except two tanks of diverse
ownership
where the Regional Office or authorized representative
may
substitute the distances provided in Tables 45b-e on
the
written request and consent of the owners.
1945.04: Drainage, Dikes and Walls of the Above Ground Tanks:
(1) The area surrounding a tank or group of tanks shall be
provided with drainage to prevent the accidental
discharge
of liquid to adjoining property or reaching waterways.
When
the tanks under consideration do not constitute a
hazard to
adjoining property, the Regional Office or authorized
representative may waive or suspend this provision.
(2) The volumetric capacity of the drainage shall not be less
than the amount of the full liquid content of the
largest
tank within the diked area.
1945.05: Installation of Tanks Inside of Buildings:
Tanks shall not be installed inside buildings except service or
supply tanks with a capacity of not more than six (6) gals.
1945.06: Installation of Underground Tanks:
(1) The distance from any part of tanks storing liquids having
flash points below 37.77°C (100°F) to the nearest
wall of
a building, basement or pit shall not be less than
30.50
cm. (l ft.); and the property line, not less than 91.50
cm.
(3 ft.).
(2) The distance from any part of a tank storing liquids having
flash points at or above 37.77°C (100°F.) to the
nearest
wall of a building basement pit or property line shall
not
be less than 30.50 cm. (1 ft.)
(3) Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations and
surrounded with at least six (6) inches of
non-corrosive
inert material well tamped in place. Tanks shall be
covered
with a minimum of two feet of earth or four inches
reinforced concrete slab on top of one foot of earth.
(4) Vent pipes shall terminate outside of buildings and higher
than the fill opening. The size of the vent shall
depend on
the filling or withdrawal rate to prevent the pressure
in
tank to exceed, 2.5 psig.
1945.07: Service Stations:
(1) Tank used in automotive service stations shall be buried as
provided in Rule 1945.06 but with at least six inches
thick
reinforced concrete slab over one foot of earth.
(2) There shall be only a maximum of three tanks in one service
station containing 6,000 gallons per tank and a total
aggregate of 18,000 gallons.
(3) Above ground tanks used in automotive stations shall be as
provided in Rule 1945.05.
(4) There shall be no smoking or open flames in the area and
the motors of all equipment being fueled shall be shut
off.
1945.08: Processing and Bulk Plants:
All buildings, installations and operations in processing and
bulk plants shall be as provided in Rule 1160 and the Philippine
Electrical Code.
1945.09: Other Installations:
All other tanks intalled not in conformity with this Rule shall
reduce their contents to comply with the distance requirements.
Those to be installed shall be with the prior approval of the
Department.
1946 : Combustible Solids:
1946.01: Nitrate Motion Picture Film:
(1) Nitrate picture film shall be stored or handled in
buildings of fire-resistant construction.
(2) All rooms where nitrate motion picture films are stored or
handled, except motion picture projection rooms and
film
vaults, shall be separated from each other and from all
other parts of the building by partition of suitable
stability and fire-resistance. The jig partitions shall
be
continuous from the floor to ceiling and securely
anchored
to walls, floor and ceiling.
(3) Opening in partitions shall be protected by approved fire
door of a type suitable for the purpose.
(4) Rooms in which nitrate motion picture films are handle
through which workers pass, shall be provided with a
minimum aisle of 80 cm. (31.24) width.
(5) Explosion vents shall be provided in rooms or vaults used
for storing and handling nitrate films.
(6) There shall be ,at least 3.25 sq. m. of floor area alloted
to each worker in every room and not more than 15
persons
shall work at any one time in a room where nitrate film
is
handled.
(7) Tables and racks used in connection with the handling of
film (joining, inspection and assembling tables) shall
be
non-combustible, or shall be of wood construction with
no
member less than 3.75 cm. and kept at least 10 cm. away
from any radiator or heating apparatus.
(8) In rooms where nitrate film is stored or handled,
artificial illumination shall be restricted to
incandescent
or fluorescent electric lights. Light fixture shall be
firmly set in place and provided with guards to avoid
mechanical injury.
1946.02: Pyroxylin Plastics:
(1) Buildings used in the fabrication of pyroxylin plastics
shall be of fire-resistant materials. However, building
for
factory use may be of non-fire-resistant construction
but
shall not exceed four stories or 17 meters in height.
(2) All portions of buildings used in whole or in part for the
fabrication of pyroxylin plastics shall be provided
with
adequate aisle space and have at least two exits remote
from each other.
(3) No pyroxylin plastic shall be stored within 1 meter from
steam pipes, chimneys and other heating apparatus nor
within 6 meters from any manufacturing operations.
Heating
equipment containing ignition sources shall not be
permitted in any room used for storage.
(4) Smoking is prohibited in any establishment handling and
storing pyroxylin plastics and conspicuous "No
Smoking"
signs shall be posted in prominent places.
(5) Fire fighting equipment of the right type and number shall
be provided.
1946.03: Magnesium :
A. Melting and Casting:
(1) Melting operation shall be done in buildings of
non-combustible materials preferably with a high roof
for
adequate ventilation.
(2) Pots and crucibles shall be inspected regularly and
discarded as soon as there is an!/ evidence of possible
failure. Safety run-off containers shall be provided
for
melting pots and crucibles.
(3) Ladles, skimmers and sludge pans must be thoroughly
predried and not before contacting molten metal.
(4) Flame-resistant clothing, high foundry shoes, and adequate
face protection shall be used by employees working in
melting and casting operations.
B. Rough Finishing and Castings:
(1) Provisions shall be made for the proper removal of dust
produced by grinders and for the immediate quenching of
sparks produced. Cuttings from band saws should be
swept
up-at regular intervals to prevent excessive
accumulation
in the work area.
(2) Work benches and other equipment shall be non-combustible
materials. If wood table tops or other fixtures of wood
or
combustible materials are considered necessary, these
shall
be treated to render them fire retardant and free from
cracks or recesses in which magnesium dust can
accumulate.
(3) Operators shall wear caps and hard finished or
fire-resistant outer clothing without pockets or cuffs.
C. Heat Treating:
(1) Thermocouples used to operate the temperature devices shall
be properly maintained to prevent overheating.
(2) Furnace should be tested initially and at regular intervals
to locate undesirable high temperature areas
(3) Furnace shall be properly and tightly constructed. Gas or
oil-fired furnaces shall be provided with combustion
safety
controls. All furnaces shall have two sets of
temperature
controls operating independently, one maintaining the
desired temperature and the other for high temperature
limit control The high temperature limit control shall
be
adjusted to operate at a temperature slightly above the
controller. In case the latter fails, the limit switch
shall cut off the power preventing ignition of the
magnesium.
(4) Magnesium to be put in a heat treating furnace should be
carefully freed of magnesium turnings, chips and
sawdust.
(5) Magnesium billets, castings and wrought products must not
be placed in a heat treating furnace with wood spacers
or
other materials below the normal heat treating ranges
of
magnesium.
(6) Aluminum parts, sheets or separators must not be included
in a furnace load of magnesium.
(7) The heat treating temperature cycle recommended by the
alloy manufacturer shall be strictly adhered to.
(8) Molten salts containing nitrates shall not be used for heat
treating magnesium alloys.
D. Machining Magnesium:
(1) Tools used for machining shall not be allowed to ride on
the metal without cutting.
(2) When holes with depths greater than five times the drill
diameter are being drilled in magnesium, a high helix
drill
(45) degrees shall be used to prevent the packing of
chips
causing resultant frictional heating and possible flash
fire in the fine chips.
(3) Machinery used for machining and drilling shall be provided
with pans to catch the chips or turnings so installed
that
the pans can be readily withdrawn from under the
machine in
case of fire.
1946.04: Titanium :
(1) Buildings in which reaction chambers and furnaces are used
in the processing of titanium, shall be fire-resistant
or
of non-combustible materials.
(2) The main building shall have adequate ventilation and doors
at more than one location shall be remote from each
other.
Dry rooms shall be of fire resistant materials.
(3) Floors in furnace rooms and dry rooms shall be of
noncombustible materials, preferably of concrete, brick
or
steel plates. Floors shall be slightly crowned or
sloped to
prevent accumulation of water in the vicinity of the
reactors or furnaces and safety run-offs shall be
provided
to direct or contain any spills of molten metal into
safe
channels.
B. Storage:
(1) Containers of titanium tetrachloride shaD be stored in a
cool, well ventilated dry place away from the areas of
acute fire hazards. Containers shaD be labelled plainly
and
stored carefully to avoid mechanical injury.
C. Mechanical Equipment:
(1) Furnaces and reaction chambers shall be inspected and
checked regularly to detect defects and leaks. No
equipment
found to be defective shaD be used until the damaged
parts
are replaced or repaired and properly tested to ensure
safe
operation.
(2) Furnace setting must be kept dry and free of iron scales.
(3) Fuel supply lines shall have the control valves at an
accessible location remote from the reactors.
(4) Benches, stands, and tables used in furnace rooms where
special fire hazards exist shaD be of noncombustible
materials.
D. Fire Prevention
(1) The process that produces titanium sponge shall be carried
out in enclosed oxygen-free containers.
(2) An inert-gas dispensing system shall be installed for
processing inert-gas requirement.
(3) All pipes, fittings, and valves in the inert gas-dispensing
or distributing system shall be checked to ensure an
uninterrupted flow of gas to the reactors.
(4) All containers used to receive molten metal shall be
thoroughly dried before using. AD metals added to
melting
pots containing molten metal shaD be thoroughly
pre-dried
(5) Good housekeeping is essential. Supplies shaD be stored in
an orderly manner with properly maintained aisles to
permit
regular inspection and segregation of incompatible
materials.
(6) Ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cartons
and packing materials must not be stored or allowed to
accumulate near furnaces or other ready sources of
ignition.
(7) Supplies or materials in the reactor building and dry rooms
shall be limited to the amount needed for normal
eight-hour
operation
E. Fire Protection:
(1) Only extinguishers of the type developed especially for
combustible metal fires shall be used for controlling
and
containing small titanium fires.
(2) Portable fire extinguishers of appropriate size and type
shall be provided at locations where the presence of
ordinary combustibles constitute the principal hazard.
(3) Where automatic sprinkler protection is provided, a
deflecting shield or hood shall be provided for the
furnaces, reactors or other places where hot or molten
may
be present.
F. Safety Precautions for Personnel:
(1) Special clothing of the type worn by foundry workers,
including high foundry man shoes, shall be worn by
employees engaged in tapping operations at the furnaces
in
titanium sponge plants. Clothing shall be fire
retardant,
easily removable with snap fasteners and without cuffs
or
pockets. Caps, or hoods and standard type face
protectors
shall be worn by workers tapping furnaces. Persons
working
with titanium or transferring it into or out of the
storage
shall wear protective clothing designed to provided
protection against skin contact and of the approved
respirators and chemical goggles.
G. Casting:
(1) All titanium furnace crucibles molds shall be designed to
avoid the contact of molten metal with water.
(2) When titanium is being cast, provisions shall be made to
retain spilled metal under vacuum or inert gas
protection
and contact with water shall be prevented.
(3) As in other casting operations, molds shall be predried and
heated to remove volatiles before molten metal is
poured
into them.
H. Forging:
(1) Fire protection in forging areas may be of the type
generally provided for fires in ordinary combustibles,
electrical or oil fires.
1946.05: Zirconium :
(1) Good housekeeping shall be maintained. Periodic cleaning,
collection of dust at the point of operation and
removal of
dust and fine scrap from the premises shall be
considered
important steps in any fire prevention program.
(2) Machining operation shall be conducted under controlled
conditions to prevent dust dispersion and excessive
heating
that may lead to ignition of the zirconium
1947: Electrical Installation:
1947.01: General Requirements:
All electrical installations shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Rule 1210.
1947.02: Emergency Systems:
Emergency lighting system shall be provided to automatically
light emergency exits in case of failure of the main electrical
power line.
1948 : Alarm Systems and Fire Drills:
1948.01: Sounding Devices:
(1) All buildings having two or more stories in height shall be
equipped with fire alarm system and signals clearly
audible
to all persons inside the building
(2) Hand-operated sending stations of fire alarm boxes shall be
provided on every floor and located that the travel to
reach a station is not more than thirty (30) meters.
(3) Fire-alarm stations shall be conspicuous, readily
accessible, and in the natural path of escape from
fire.
(4) Hand operated sending stations of fire alarm boxes shall be
provided on every floor and located such that the
travel to
reach a station is not more than sixty-one (61) meters.
1948.02: Fire-fighting Drills:
(1) Every place of employment depending on the magnitude of
potential fires and the availability of assistance from
the
public fire department shall organize a fire brigade to
deal with fires and other related emergencies
(2) The members of the fire brigade shall be physically
qualified for the job and properly trained on
fire-fighting, use of hose, line, ventilation of
buildings,
salvage operations, rescue operations, first aid, and
other
relared activities.
1948.03: Fire Exit Drills:
(1) Fire-exit drills shall be conducted at least twice every
year to maintain an orderly evacuation of buildings,
unless
the local fire department requires a higher frequency
of
fire drills.
(2) Fire exit drills shall only include evacuation of persons
and shall not include salvage operation.
(3) In buildings where the population is of a changing
character, the fire-exit training of the regular
employees
shall include the proper procedure to direct other
occupants to safety.
(4) Occupants of each department, floor or portion of the
building shall be designated a particular place to
assemble
outside of the building and in places that will not
hamper
fire-fighting.
(5) When two or more establishments occupy a building, fire
exit drills shall be planned as if there is only one
(l)
establishment.
(6) The organization and the composition of a fire-exit drill
committee shall be as provided by the requirements of
the
local fire department
(7) Fire brigade as required by the local department or the
Fire Code shall be organized.
Table 45 a
Occupancy Hazards
Type of Construction
Low Moderate
High
: Wood - Frame : 3
stories : 2 stories : 1 storey
: Slow - Burning : 7 stories : 6
stories : 4 stories
: Fire - Resistant : No limit : No
limit : 5 stories
The International Labour Organization is a United Nations specialized agency.