The Philippines, Occupational Safety and Health Standards
RULE
1410
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Source:
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (As Amended).
Bureau of Working Conditions, Department of Labour and
Employment, Manila, Philippines. Second Publication, as amended,
1990. Copyright Reserved per P.D. 49
RULE 1410
1411 : Definitions:
When used in this Rule, the following shall have their meanings
except when otherwise provided:
(1) "Sheating" shall mean the vertical member of shoring and
timbering which directly resists pressure from side of
an
excavation.
(2) "Wale" shall mean the longitudinal member of shoring and
timbering which directly resists pressure from sheating.
(3) "Strut" shall mean the transverse member of shoring and
timbering which directly resists pressure from sheating
or
wales.
(4) "Scaffold" shall mean a temporary structure of timber or
metal work with a platform used in the construction,
alteration or demolition of a building, or other
maintenance work used to support workers or to allow
the
hoisting and lowering of worker$ their tools and
materials.
(5) "Standard or Upright" shall mean the vertical member of
scaffold transmitting the load to the ground or to a
base
plate.
(6) "Ledger or Stringer" shall mean a scaffold bracing which
extends horizontally from standard to standard forming
right angles with the putlogs and forms a tie between
the
standards.
(7) "Putlogs"or"Bearer" shall mean a scaffold member
spanning
between a ledger and a building wall or between two
ledgers
upon which the platform rests.
(8) "Brace" shall mean a scaffold member that holds standards
or uprights in a fixed position to prevent any lateral
movement.
(9) "Single Scaffold" shall mean a platform supported by a
single row of uprights or standards tied along the
wall,
connected horizontally by a ledger and supporting
putlogs
which rests on ledger on one side and in holes left in
walls on the other.
(10) "Double Scaffold" shall mean a platform supported on two
rows of uprights or standards parallel to the wall of a
building connected by horizontal ledgers and is
independent
from the building wall.
(11) "Suspended Scaffold" shall mean a scaffold suspended by
means of ropes or chains capable of being lowered or
raised
by winch, pulley, block or such other means.
(12) "Trestle Scaffold" shall mean scaffolds in which the
supports for the platform are step ladders, tripods or
similar movable contrivances.
(13) "Hoist" shall mean a lifting machine with a carriage,
platform or cage which moves on guides.
(14) "Lifting Appliance" shall mean a crab, winch, pulley block
or gin wheel used for raising or lowering, a hoist
crane,
sheer legs excavators, draglines, pile driver, or pile
excavators.
(15) "Lifting Gear" shall mean a chain sling, rope sling, ring,
link, hook, shackle, swivel, or eyebolt.
(16) "Mobile Crane" shall mean a crane capable of travelling
under its own power.
(17) "Plant or Equipment" shall include any plant, equipment,
gear, machinery, apparatus or appliances, or any part
thereof.
1412 : General Provisions
1412.01 : Health and Safety Committee:
At every construction site there shall be organized and
maintained a Health and Safety Committee conforming with Rule
1040 and a medical and dental service conforming with Rule 1960.
1412.02 : Alternative Methods and Materials:
In the application of this Rule, the construction, composition,
size, and arrangement of materials used may vary provided that
the strength of the structure is at least equal to that herein
prescribed.
1412.03 : Electrical :
Before any construction is commenced, and during the
construction, steps shall be taken to prevent danger to the
workers or operating equipment from any live electric cable or
equipment either by rendering the cable or apparatus electrically
dead or by providing barriers to prevent contact.
1412.04 : Machine Guarding:
All moving parts of machinery used shall be guarded in accordance
with the requirements of Rule 1200.
1412.05: Fire Protection:
(1) Fire Protection equipment shall be provided in accordance
with the requirements of Rule 1940.
(2) Permanent stand pipe installed in a construction site
shall:
a. be installed progressively as the
construction work
proceeds.
b. be provided with a valve at every hose
outlet.
c. have a hose outlet to which is connected
a hose that
is:
i. at least 4
cm. (11/2 in.) in diameter,
ii. equipped with a
combination straight stream and
fog nozzle, and
iii. installed in all
storeys in locations where every
part of the building shall be protected by a hose
having a length of not more than 25 m. (75 ft.)
d. have a connection of the size used by
the local fire
department:
i. located on
the street side not more than l m. (3
ft.) and not less than 0.33 m (1 ft.) above the
ground level.
ii. to which there
must be a clear access at all
times, and
iii. protected from
mechanical damage.
1412.06 : Lighting of Work Areas:
Every work-area and approach thereto, every place where raising
or lowering operations with the use of a lifting appliance are
in progress, and all openings dangerous to workers, shall be
lighted with the minimum requirements provided in Rule 1210.
1412.07 : Lifting of Weights:
For continued lifting, a male worker shall not be made to lift,
carry or move any load over fifty kilograms (50 kgs.) and female
workers over twenty-five kilograms (25 kgs.) Weights over these
shall either be handled by more than one worker or by mechanical
means.
1412.08 : Pipelines:
Repair work on any section of a pipeline under pressure shall not
be undertaken until the pipeline is released of the pressure or
the section under repair is blocked off the line pressure to
ensure that no worker will be endangered.
1412.09 : Protection of the Public:
A safe covered walkway shall be constructed over the sidewalk for
use by pedestrians in a building construction work less than 2.3
m. (7 ft.) from a sidewalk or public road.
1412.10 : Protection from Falling Materials :
(1) Steps shall be taken to protect workers from falling
materials, such as the provision of safety helmets and
safety shoes.
(2) Tools, objects and materials (including waste materials)
shall not be thrown or tipped from a height, but shall
be
properly lowered by crane, hoist or chutes. If such is
not
practicable, the area where the material is thrown or
lowered shall be fenced and no person allowed in the
fenced
area.
1412.11 : Protruding Nails and Loose Materials:
(1) Material or lumber with protruding nails shall not be used
in any work or be allowed to remain in any place where
they
are a source of danger to the workers.
(2) Loose materials shall not be placed or left on working
platforms, gangways, floors or other workplaces but
shall
be removed, stacked or stored not to obstruct passage.
Materials shall not be stacked in a manner causing
danger
to the workers or overload and render unsafe any
platform,
gangway, floor, roof or other part of a building or
structure.
1412.12 : Protection against Collapse of Structure:
(1) All temporary structure shall be properly supported by the
use of guys, stays, and other fixings necessary for
stability during construction.
(2) Where construction work will likely reduce the stability of
an existing or adjacent building, shoring shall be
undertaken to prevent the collapse or fall of any part
of
the structure.
1412.13 : Safe Means of Access:
Safe means of access and egress shall be provided and maintained
to and from every place where work is undertaken.
1412.14 : Storage of Materials:
(1) Building materials and equipment shall not be placed or
stored on a permanent or temporary structure exceeding
its
safe load carrying capacity.
(2) Lumber structural steel and similar building materials
shall be properly stored and secured against collapsing
or
tipping. Cross pieces shall be used in a pile of lumber
more than 1 m. (3 ft.) high.
(3) Pipes and reinforcing steels shall be stacked in racks or
frames supported to prevent movement.
(4) Gangways and platforms shall not be used as storage for
materials and tools.
1412.15 : Storage of Cylinders:
Compressed gas cylinders shall be stored in upright position
protected against heat and overturning and when not in use, the
control valves shall be covered by protective caps screwed to
proper positions
1412.16 : Traffic Control:
In construction sites where a worker's safety is likely to be
endangered by a vehicular traffic, flagmen, warning signs,
barriers or lane control devices shall be installed.
1412.17 : Vehicular Loading:
No person shall remain on or in a vehicle during loading or
unloading except those required to be there and only when all
necessary protection against hazards are provided.
1412.18 : Vehicle Driving:
No person shall operate any vehicle or equipment in a
construction site unless he has adequate training and experience
to operate such vehicle or equipment and is authorized by his
immediate supervisor.
1412.19 : Internal Combustion Engine:
No internal combustion engine shall be operated in an enclosed
area unless:
(1) the exhaust gases or fumes are discharged directly outside
to a point where the discharge gases or fumes cannot
return
to the enclosure.
(2) the place is ventilated to protect workers from exhaust
gases.
1412.20 : Personal Protective Equipment:
Personal Protective equipment as required in Rule 1080 shall be
provided the workers.
1412.21 : Other Standards:
The provisions of this Rule are minimum requirements and any
other regulation of other government authority of the same nature
but with higher numerical values shall prevail.
1413 : Excavation:
1413.01 : Shoring and Timbering:
(1) The walls of every excavation over l m. (3 ft.) deep shall
be supported by adequate shoring and timbering to
prevent
collapse, provided that this shall not apply to an
excavation:
a. in which a worker is not required to enter for any purposes.
b. cut in solid rock.
c. the walls are sloped to forty-five degree (45) angle from
the vertical or cut to the angle of repose.
d. in which a worker is engaged in timbering or other work for
the purpose of compliance with this Rule if precautions
are
taken to ensure his safety.
(2) Shoring or timbering in excavation over 6.6 m. (20 ft.)
deep and those installed to prevent the movement,
collapse
of an adjacent structure shall be designed by a
structural
engineer and approved by the proper authority.
(3) No excavation in an adjacent building or structure shall be
undertaken unless steps are taken to prevent danger to
workers.
(4) Before shoring or timbering, the walls of an excavation
shall be stripped of loose rocks or other materials
that
might slide, roll or fall on workers.
(5) Every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) shall be kept free of
water at all times.
1413.02 : Minimum Berm :
(1) Excavated material shall be kept from the edge of the
excavation to provide a clear berm of a distance not
less
than one third of the depth of the excavation.
(2) Where the disposal area is limited, a berm of reduced width
of not less than 1 m. (3 ft.) may be allowed, provided
the
materials being excavated are stable, the shoring is
designed to carry the additional load, and barriers are
provided to prevent roll back of the excavated
materials.
1413.03 : Tools, Materials and Machinery:
(1) Tools or materials shall be kept a minimum of l m. (3 ft.)
away from the edge of the excavation to prevent their
being
knocked down into the excavation.
(2) No vehicle or other machinery shall be driven, operated or
located near the edge of an excavation at least a
distance
one-third (1/3) of its depth.
1413.04 : Provision for Barricades:
The top of the walls of an excavation more than 2.0 m. (6 ft.)
deep shall be barricaded to a height of at least 1 m. (3 ft.) to
prevent the fall of workers.
1413.05 : Means of Access and Escape:
(1) Every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) deep shall be provided
with means of access and escape in case of flooding or
collapse of the excavation work.
(2) Every excavation shall have at least one (1) ladder in
every 16.6 m. (50 ft. ) of length or fraction thereof,
of
a length which shall extend at least 0.83 m.
(2'6") above
the top of the excavation to provide a firm handhold
when
stepping on or off the ladder.
1413.06 : Inspection and Examination of Excavation:
Every part of an excavation over 2 m. (6 ft.) deep where workers
work shall be inspected by the person in charge at least once
everyday.
1413.07 : Supervision and Execution of Timbering and other Work:
(1) Timbering or support for any excavation shall be erected,
added, altered or dismantled only under the direction
of
the project supervisor.
(2) Timbering and other support for any excavation shall be of
good construction, sound materials, and of adequate
strength for the purpose for which it is used and
properly
maintained.
(3) All struts and bracings shall be properly secured to
prevent displacement.
(4) Timber giving off toxic saps or substance soluble in water
shall not be used for timbering
1413.08 : Harmful Dust, Gases, Fumes:
(1) When harmful dusts, gases and fumes are present in an
excavation to such a degree hazardous to the safety and
health of the workers, all measures shall be taken
either
by exhaust ventilation or by other means to free the
area
of such contaminants.
(2) Internal combustion engine shall only be operated in an
excavation when provision is made to ensute that the
exhaust gases and fumes are rendered harmless or
discharged
to a point away from the excavation.
1413.09 : Sizes and Spacing of Members:
Sheating shall not be less than 5 cm. x 15 cm. (2" x 6") in
section, wales not less than 10 cm. x 15 cm. (4" x 6") in section
and struts not less than 10 cm. x 15 cm. (4" x 6") in section;
the length, section and spacing of timbering members shall be
designed considering the nature of soil, depth and the
surroundings.
1414 : Scaffoldings:
(1) Every scaffold shall be of good construction, of sound
materials and strength for the purpose for which it is
intended.
(2) Timber used for scaffolds shall be in good condition, the
bark completely stripped off, and not painted or
treated in
any manner that defects cannot be easily seen.
(3) All materials and parts of scaffold not in use or intended
for re-use shall be kept under good condition and
separate
from other materials unsuitable for scaffolds.
(4) Timber/bamboo scaffoldings shall be limited to a height of
20 meters from the ground or base provided that, over a
height of 10 meters, the scaffolding and all other
installations constructed over the scaffolding shall be
designed by a structural engineer and duly approved by
the
appropriate authority.
(5) At heights over 20 meters, structural metals should be used
designed by a structural engineer and duly approved by
the
appropriate authority;
(6) Structural steel when used as load bearing members of
scaffolding shall be distressed at welded or bent
joints
and design construction approved by the proper
authority.
1414.01 : Maintenance of Scaffolds:
(1) All scaffolds shall be properly maintained and every part
shall be kept, fixed and secured in position to prevent
displacement.
(2) No partly dismantled scaffold shall be used unless it is
rendered stable, strong and safe for the purpose.
(3) Scaffoldings left standing for four (4) months shall not be
used until damaged members are replaced and the whole
structure returned to its original strength.
1414.02 : Supervision and inspection of Scaffolds:
(1) Scaffold shall be erected, added, altered or dismantled
only under the supervision of the person in charge of
the
construction.
(2) All materials used in any scaffold shall be inspected
before use.
(3) Lumber with two (2) nailholes aligned crosswise or four (4)
nailholes along its length shall not be used as
horizontal
load bearing member of scaffolds.
1414.03 : Strength and Stability of Scaffolds:
Every scaffold shall:
(a) be capable of supporting twice the maximum load to which it
may be subjected without exceeding the allowable unit
stresses of the materials used;
(b) have all standards diagonally and horizontally braced to
prevent lateral movement; and
(c) have no splices between the points of support of horizontal
members and secured to prevent lateral movement.
1414.04 : Construction of Timber Scaffolds:
(a) In single scaffold, the standard shall be placed at 1.18 to
2.43 meters (4 to 8 ft.) apart at a distance of 1 m. (3
ft.) from the wall, connected horizontally by
ledgers
spaced vertically at 1.51 m. (5 ft.) to 1.81 m. (6 ft.)
on
centers. Putlogs shall be placed in the holes left in
the
Walls
(b) The size of the standard shall not be less than 8.9 cm. (3
in.) in diameter or its equivalent and when it is
necessary
to extend a standard, the overlaps shall not be less
than
60 cm. (23 in.).
(c) In double scaffold, the outer row shall be at a distance of
1.22 to 1.32 m. from the wall. The putlogs shall rest
entirely on the ledgers. In addition to the diagonal
braces, inclined supports shall be provided to prevent
the
scaffold from leaning away from the wall. The supports
shall be strutted at intermediate heights against the
standards.
(d) The size of the standards for double scaffold shall not be
less than 10 cm. in diameter or its equivalent and when
it
is necessary to extend a standard the overlap shall not
be
less than 15 cm.
(e) Ledgers, standards and putlogs shall be securely fastened
by bolts, dogs, or ropes.
(f) The distance between two consecutive putlogs shall be
designed with due regard to anticipated load and the
nature
of the platform flooring. As a minimum rule,
the
spacing shall be as
follows:
for 3.2 cm. thick planks,
spacing shall not exceed 1
m., for 3.8 cm. thick
planks spacing shall not exceed
1.5
m.
(g) The displacement of the foot of the standard shall be
prevented either by sinking it into the ground or by
fixing
it on a base plate.
1414.05 : Types of Scaffolds:
(1) Traveling scaffold shall
(a) be of stable construction and weighted at the
base to
prevent overturning
(b) be used only on firm and even surface.
(c) be securely braced,
(d) not be moved when any worker is on the
scaffold.
(e) be moved only from or near the base.
(2) Suspended scaffold shall not be used unless:
(a) the fixed support or outriggers to which it
is
attached are capable of
supporting at least four (4)
times the maximum load to
which they may be subjected
without exceeding the
allowable unit stresses of the
material used;
(b) the platform is at least 25 cm. wide,
suspension
points shall not be more
than 3 m. apart, and provided
with devices to keep the
platform at a distance from
the wall to allow working
in sitting position
(c) When suspended scaffold is raised or lowered,
it shall
have rope pulls equipped
with pulley blocks, and
mechanical hoisting
equipment with a positive device
to prevent the scaffold
from falling freely
(3) Cantilever, jib, figure and bracket scaffolds:
(a) Every cantilever or jib scaffold shall be
properly
supported, fixed and
anchored on Opposite side of the
supports, have outrigger
of designed strength and
properly strutted or
braced to ensure rigidity and
stability.
(b) Figure or bracket scaffold shall not be
supported or
held by dogs, spikes or
similar fixing devices that
will pull out.
(4) Skips, brackets, boatswain chair:
(a) Skep, bracket, basket and boatswain chair
shall not be
used as substitute for a
suspended scaffold unless the
work is of such short
duration and the work is under
the supervision of the
person responsible for the
construction.
(b) No skip, bracket, or basket shall be used as
a
suspended scaffold unless
it is:
i. at least
76 cm. deep and
ii. either
constructed of metal or carried by two
strong bands of metal fastened around the sides
and bottom.
(5) Ladder Scaffolds or Ladderjack Scaffolds:
A ladder scaffold shall be used only when:
(a) the work is of such light nature and the
material
required for the work is
light and can be hung on the
ladder.
(b) the distance between the ladders of the
scaffold is
less than 3 m.
(6) Trestle Scaffolds:
(a) Trestle scaffolds shall not be used if the
working
platform is more than S
m. from the ground or floor or
other surface upon which
the scaffold is erected.
(b) A trestle scaffold shall not be erected on a
scaffold
platform unless:
i. the
platform is sufficiently wide for the
transport of materials,
ii. the uprights
are firmly attached to the platform
and braced to prevent displacement, and
iii. designed by
structural engineer and approved by
the proper authority if erected on a scaffold 10
meters or over in height.
(c) No trestle scaffold shall erected on
suspended
scaffold.
(7) Outrigger Scaffold:
An outrigger scaffold shall have:
(a) its platform within 8 cm. from the wall, and
(b) shall have outrigger secured against
horizontal and
vertical movements
(8) Bamboo Scaffold:
Bamboo scaffold may be used for painting or light construction
work constructed and maintained.
(a) the material and construction shall be
sufficient to
carry at least four (4)
times the imposed load.
(b) only one worker shall be allowed in any one
span;
(c) the maximum span between posts shall be 266
cm. (8
ft.)
(d) when the height or fall is over 6.6 m. (20
ft.), the
use of safety belt shall
be required.
(e) when erected over a height of 10 meters (30
ft.), the
design shall be by a
structural engineer approved by
the proper authority and
construction shall be under
expert supervision,
and
(f) the maximum height allowed is 20 meters (60
ft.)
1414.06 : Platform, Runways, Ramps and Stairs:
(1) All working platforms, runways and ramps from which workers
are liable to fall a distance of more than 2 m. (6 ft.)
shall be:
(a) for platform with minimum width of 70 cm. (28
in.) the
runways and ramp shall be
45 cm. (18 in.) and if
runways are used for the
passage of materials, the
width shall not be less
than 70 cm. (28 in.).
(b) provided with strong guard rails up to a
height of 91
cm. (35 in.) above the
working surface and toeboatds
of at least 20 cm. (8
in.) in height.
(2) The following shall be the minimum width of platform for
various types of scaffolds:
(a) When the platform is not more than 2 m. (6
ft. ) above
the ground floor:
i. for
painters, decorators and similar types of
workers, 30 cm. (12 in.);
ii. for all other
types of workers and tools, 50 cm.
(90 in. )
(b) When the platform is more than two 2 m. (6
ft. ) above
the ground or floor:
i. for men
tools and materials 1 m. (3 ft.)
ii. for men, tools,
materials and vehicles, 1.5 m. (5
ft. )
(3) Every platform, runway, ramp or stairs shall
be kept
free from any
obstruction, materials, rubbish and
projecting nails. When
they become slippery due to the
nature of work, steps
shall be taken by way of
sanding, cleaning or by
any other means to roughen the
surface.
(4) Supporting members used in the construction
of
platforms, runways, ramps
and stairs shall be securely
fastened and braced. The
supporting members shall be
placed in a firm and
rigid foundation to prevent
lateral displacement.
(5) The uniformly distributed minimum design load
of
platform, runway, ramp or
stair shall be 650 kg./sq.
m. (133 lbs./sq. ft.).
The stress due to concentrated
loads at any point in the
floor shall not exceed those
caused by the uniformly
distributed load used in the
design. Planking used
shall not be less than 3 cm. (2
in.) thick.
(6) A scaffold platform shall not project beyond
its end
support to a distance
exceeding four (4) times the
thickness of the plank,
unless secured to prevent
tipping.
(7) All planks, platforms, runways and ramps
shall be
fixed and supported to
prevent sagging and moving.
(8) Slope of runway or ramp shall not exceed 2 in
3.
(9) When the slope of runway or ramp requires additional
foothold using stepping laths. they shall:
i. have a minimum section 5 x 8 cm. (2 in.
x 3 in.)
placed at maximum
intervals of 46 cm. (18 in.) on
centers.
ii. extend to the full width of the runway or
ramp except
that they may be
interrupted over a width of not more
than 10 cm. (4 in.) to
facilitate the passage of
barrows.
1415 : Construction Equipment:
1415.01 : Lifting Appliances:
(1) Every lifting appliance including working gear and all
other plant equipment used for anchoring or fixing
shall:
a. be of good mechanical construction, of
sound material
and adequate strength for
the load it will carry.
b. be properly maintained and inspected at
least once a
week and the result of
such inspection shall be
recorded in a log book
maintained by the employer or
user of the equipment,
open to enforcing authority.
(2) Any anchoring or fixing arrangement provided in connection
with a lifting appliance shall be adequate and secure
to
hold the imposed load.
1415.02 : Brake Controls and Safety Devices:
(1) Every crane, crab and winch shall be provided with a brake
to prevent the fall of the load and to control
operation
when the load is lowered.
(2) Every handle or lever of a lifting appliance provided for
controlling its operation shall be provided with
suitable
locking arrangement to prevent its accidental movement.
(3) Every lever or handle provided for controlling the
operation of a lifting appliance shall have upon it
clear
marking to indicate purpose and mode of operation.
1415.03 : Protection of Crane Driver:
(1) Platform for crane drivers and signallers shall be:
(a) of sufficient area,
(b) closely planked, plated and
(c) provided with safe means of access and
egress.
(2) Every side of a platform more than 2.16 meters (6.5 ft.)
high shall be provided with guard rails and toeboards.
(3) The driver of every power driven lifting appliance shall be
provided with a cabin which shall:
(a) afford protection from the weather and
falling
objects, and
(b) be constructed to afford ready access to
operating
parts of the lifting
appliance within the cabin and
shall be periodically
inspected and maintained.
1415.04 : Anchorage and Load Test of Cranes:
(1) When lifting appliances are used on soft or uneven ground
or on a slope, adequate measures shall be taken to
ensure
their stability or undue movement.
(2) No crane shall be used for raising or lowering loads
unless:
(a) it is securely anchored.
(b) adequately balanced by a weight properly
placed and
secured
(3) Every crane after erection altered or any kind of change
shall be tested by the contractor/supervisor with the
imposition either:
(a) of a load of twenty-five per cent (25%) above
the
maximum load to be lifted
by the crane as erected at
the position when the
maximum pull is applied on each
anchorage, or
(b) of lesser load arranged to provide an
equivalent test
of the anchorages or
balancing arrangements.
(4) A report of the test shall be recorded in a log book to be
maintained by the employer.
(5) The maximum load allowed shall be affixed in a place where
it can be readily be seen by the crane operator.
(6) No crane shall be used or erected under conditions likely
to endanger stability.
1415.05 : Drums and Pulleys:
Every chain or rope that terminates at the winding drum of a
lifting appliance shall be properly secured thereto and at least
two turns or such chain or rope shall remain on the drum in every
operating maximum end position of the appliance.
1415.06 : Cranes and Derricking Jibs:
(1) When the derricking jib of a crane is operated through a
clutch, there shall be an effective inter-locking
arrangement between the derricking drum in such a way
that
the clutch cannot be operated unless the pawl is in
effective engagement with the derricking jib and the
pawl
cannot be disengaged unless the clutch is in effective
engagement with the derricking drum. This requirement
shall
not apply when the derricking drum is independently
driven
and the mechanism driving the derricking drum is
self-locking.
(2) The hosting mechanism of a crane shall not be used to pull
the load sideways unless it is ascertained that no
undue
stress is imposed on the crane structures and its
stability
is not endangered.
1415.07 : Crane Operation and Signalling:
(1) A lifting appliance shall not be operated other than by a
person trained, competent, physically fit, and
authorized
to operate the appliance.
(2) When the operator of a lifting appliance has no clear and
unrestricted view of the load for safe working, there
shall
be appointed one or more signal men to give the
necessary
signals to the operator.
(3) Every signal given for the movement or stopping of a
lifting appliance shall be distinctive in character and
the
person to whom it is given is able to hear or see it
easily.
1415.08 : Safe Working Loads:
(1) Safe working loads shall be plainly marked on every lifting
appliance and in case of a crane with variable
operating
radius, safe load at various radii of the jib shall be
marked on the jib displayed in the driver's cabin or
fitted
with an automatic safe load indicator.
(2) In every derricking jib, the maximum radius at which the
jib may be worked shall be plainly marked on it.
(3) No lifting appliance shall be loaded beyond its safe
working load.
1415.09 : Guy Derrick Cranes:
(1) The jib of guy derrick cranes shall not be erected between
the back stays of the crane.
(2) Measures shall be taken to prevent the foot of the king
post of any derrick crane from being lifted out of its
socket.
1415.10 : Testing and Examination of Lifting Appliances:
(1) No lifting appliance shall be used unless it has been
tested and examined thoroughly initially and every year
thereafter by a competent person by way of his training
and
experience in such work.
(2) No lifting appliance which has undergone substantial
alteration or repair affecting its strength or
stability
shall be used unless it is tested and thoroughly
examined
by a competent person
1415.11 : Hoist:
Every hoistway shall be efficiently protected by enclosures and
when access to the hoist is necessary, it shall be fitted with
gates. Such enclosures and gates shall extend to 2.16 m. (6' 6")
except when lesser height is sufficient to prevent the fall of
persons and where there is no risk of any worker coming in
contact with any moving part of the hoist, but shall in no case
be less than 2.16 m. (6' 6").
1415.12 : Marking of Safe Working Loads on Hoist:
The safe working load or the number of persons that can be
carried in a hoist shall be plainly marked on every platform or
cage of the hoist. A notice prohibiting overloading of the hoist
shall be placed on the platform or cage of the hoist.
1415.13 : Operation of Hoist:
(1) Hoist for the carriage of goods and materials shall be of
such construction that it is operated outside of the
cage
unless the doors of the cage and the enclosure are of
the
interlocked type.
(2) Hoist for the carriage of persons shall have the doors of
the cage and enclosure of hoistway of interlocked type
and
the cage completely covered and fitted with overrun
devices.
1415.14 : Carriage of Persons by Means of Lifting Appliances:
No person shall be raised, lowered or carried by a power driven
lifting appliance except:
(1) on the driver's platform in case of a crane or a hoist, or
(2) on an approved suspended scaffold, or
(3) when the use of hoist or suspended scaffold is not
reasonable, provided that:
(a) the appliance can be operated from one
position only;
(b) the winch used is so constructed that when
control
lever or switch is not
held in operating position,
brake is applied and
disengages from pawl and ratchet
gears; and
(c) no person is carried except in:
(i)
a chair or cage, or
(ii) a safe skip or other receptacle at least 1
m.(3 ft.) deep, and
(iii) measures are taken to prevent the chair,
cage, skip or receptacle from spinning or
tipping in a manner dangerous to any
occupant.
1415.15 : Test and Examination of Hoists:
(1) After erection or alteration, every hoist shall be tested
and examined every six (6) months by a competent person
and
the result of such tests and examination shall be
recorded
in a log book maintained for the purpose.
(2) The log book shall be made available for inspection by the
enforcing authority.
1415.16 : Chains, Ropes and Lifting Gears:
(1) No chain, rope or lifting gear shall be used unless:
(a) it is of good construction, sound material,
of
adequate strength,
suitable quality and free from
potent defects.
(b) it has been tested and examined by a
competent person
specifying the safe
working load.
(2) No wire rope shall be used for lifting and lowering of any
load if in any 10 meters length, the total number of
visible broken wires exceed five percent of the total
number of wires in the rope.
(3) No chain, rope of lifting gear shall be loaded beyond its
safe working load except for the purpose of testing.
(4) No chain, ring, hook, link, clamp, shackle, swivel or
eyebolt altered or repaired by welding shall be used
unless
it is tested and examined and its working load
specified in
the test.
(5) Hooks for raising or lowering of load shall have- devices
to prevent displacement of sling or load.
(6) No double or multiple sling shall be used if the upper ends
are not connected by means of shackle, ring or link of
adequate strength or the safe working load is exceeded.
(7) Chains with knots or chains shortened by means of bolts and
knots inserted through the links or by welding shall
not be
used.
(8) No chain, rope or lifting gear shall be used unless it is
thoroughly examined by a competent person at intervals
of
six (6) months and the result of examination recorded
in a
log book maintained for the purpose open for inspection
by
the enforcing authority.
(9) A chain or lifting gear shall not be used unless it is
annealed or heat treated as required by the
manufacturer.
1416 : Plant and Equipment:
(1) When the operator of a power driven crane, shovel, forklift
truck, front end loader and similar machinery is
exposed to
overhead hazards, a cab, screen or other overhead
protection shall be provided.
(2) When any equipment or part thereof is being dismantled, or
repaired and a worker maybe endangered by the collapse
or
movement of the equipment, blocking shall be installed
to
prevent collapse or movement.
(3) When a worker is endangered by the rotation or uncontrolled
motion of a load being hoisted by a crane or similar
hoisting machine, one or more guide ropes or tag lines
shall be used to prevent rotation on uncontrolled
motion.
(4) A friction type clamp used in hoisting materials shall be
constructed in a manner that accidental slacking of the
hoisting cable will not release the clamp.
(5) When the operator of a shovel or similar machine is
obstructed in the view of the path of travel of any
part of
the shovel or similar machine, one or more signal men
shall
assist the operator by:
(a) keeping that part of the shovel or similar
machine
under observation when it
is out of view of the
operator, and
(b) communicating with the operator using
prearranged
signals or where these
signals are impracticable, by
audible communication
system.
(6) Every lifting jack shall:
(a) have its rated capacity legibly cast or
stamped in
plain view on the jack,
and
(b) be equipped with a positive stop to prevent
over
travel or where a
positive stop is impracticable, it
shall be provided with a
device indicating maximum
allowable travel.
(7) Where a vehicle, crane, machine or other equipment is
driven in reverse in a location where a worker or the
operator may be endangered, operation shall be directed
by
another worker who shall be stationed in full view of
the
operator and the path of travel.
(8) An unattended vehicle parked on sloping ground or adjacent
to an excavation shall have its brakes applied and the
wheels blocked to prevent movement.
(9) A hose supplying steam or air to 3 hammer or a pile driver
or to a drill carriage shall have attached thereto a
wire,
rope or chain to prevent the hose from whipping.
(10) Piles or sheet piling shall be adequately supported at all
times during hoisting, phasing, removal or withdrawal
and
no worker who is not directly engaged in such operation
shall be in the area where the operation are being
carried
out.
1417 : Demolition:
1417.01 :
All demolition operations of building or other structure over six
(6) meters high shall be under supervision of a competent person.
No person except the workers who are directly engaged in the
demolition shall enter a demolition area to within a distance
equal to 1 1/2 times the height of the structure being
demolished, where this distance is not possible the structure
shall be fenced around and no unauthorized person shall be
allowed within the fenced area.
1417.02 : Demolition Work:
(1) On every demolition work, danger signs shall be posted
around the structure and all doors and opening giving
access to the structure shall be kept barricaded or
guarded.
(2) Demolition work shall not commence until:
(a) all necessary steps have been taken to
prevent injury
to any person or damage
to adjoining property, and
(b) all existing gas, electrical and other
services likely
to endanger a worker
shall have been shut off or
disconnected.
(3) Prior to demolition all glass shall:
(a) be removed from windows and other locations,
or
(b) otherwise shall be protected so that there is
no
possibility of breakage
at any stage of the
demolition.
(4) Shoring or other necessary measures shall be taken to
prevent the accidental collapse of any part of the
building
or structure being demolished or any adjacent building
or
structure endangering the workers.
(5) Demolition shall proceed systematically, storey by storey,
in a descending order and the work on the upper floors
shall be completely over before removing any of the
supporting members of the structure on the lower floor.
This shall not prohibit the demolition on section, in
the
same descending order if means are taken to prevent
injury
to workers and damage to property.
(6) All precautions shall be taken to avoid damage from
collapse of a building being demolished or any part of
it
when any part of the framing is removed from a framed
or
partly framed building.
(7) No building or any part of the structure shall be
overloaded with debris or materials to render it unsafe
and
hazardous to persons working.
(8) Adequate precautions shall be taken to avoid danger from
any sudden twisting, springing or collapse of any steel
or
ironwork cut or released.
(9) No workers shall stand on top of wall, pier or chimney more
than six (6) meters (18 ft.) high unless safe flooring
or
adequate scaffolding or staging is provided on all
sides of
the wall, three (3) meters (9 ft.) away from where he
is
working.
(10) A truss, girder, or other structural member shall not be
disconnected until it has been:
(a) relieved of all loads other than its own
weight, and
(b) provided with temporary supports.
(11) Stairs and stair railings, passageways and ladders shall be
demolished last.
(12) When demolition is suspended or discontinued all access to
the remaining part of the building shall be fenced or
barricaded.
1418.00 : Mechanical Demolition :
The demolition area where work is done by mechanical devices such
as weight balls or power shovels shall:
(a) be barricaded for a minimum distance of 1 1/2 times the
height of the structure.
(b) not allow entrance of unauthorized persons.
(c) arranged and maintained so the mechanical devices used
shall not cause any damage to adjacent structures,
power
lines or public road.
1419.00 : Explosives:
1419.01 : Supervision :
(1) A competent person shall be appointed in charge of and
personally present at all blasting operations who shall
supervise the fixing of all charges and other blasting
activities.
(2) The names of persons designated to handle, transport,
prepare or use dynamite or other high explosives shall
be
posted in the field office and on or in the magazine.
(3) No person inexperienced in handling dynamite or other high
explosives shall handle, transport, prepare or use
dynamite, unless the inexperienced person work under
the
personal supervision of a person with experience in
blasting operations.
(4) A record of explosives received and used shall be properly
maintained and open for inspection by the enforcing
authority.
1419.02 : Blasting:
(1) Only the quantity of dynamite required for immediate use in
blasting of a part of a building or other structure
shall
be removed from the
magazine.
(2) No holes shall be
drilled:
(a) within 3.3 m. (10 ft.) of a hole containing
explosives
or blasting agents.
(b) within 6.6 m. (20 ft.) of a hole being loaded
with
explosives or blasting
agents.
(3) Every firing circuit in connection with blasting operations
shall be broken in a suitable manner at a safe distance
from the blasting area.
(4) When a charge is fired, steps shall be taken to see that
persons employed are in a position free from the
explosives
or from flying objects.
(5) The applicable provisions of Rule 1140 shall also apply to
the use, handling, and storage of explosives in
construction safety.
The International Labour Organization is a United Nations specialized agency.