SOCIAL DIALOGUE

ILO is a forum for building consensus. Its tripartite structure reflects a conviction that the best solutions arise through social dialogue in its many forms and levels, from national tripartite consultations and cooperation to plant-level collective bargaining. Engaging in dialogue, the social partners also fortify democratic governance, building vigorous and resilient labour market institutions that contribute to long-term social and economic stability and peace.

Social dialogue is a powerful tool that has helped solve difficult problems and foster cohesion. But it cannot be taken for granted. Developing a reflex for consultation and negotiation takes time and commitment. It also needs social partners that have the capacity and will to engage in the process responsibly, and the strength and flexibility to adjust to contemporary circumstances and exploit new opportunities.

The State has an important role in enabling and fostering all forms of social dialogue. It needs to create an affirming environment in which the contributions of employers, workers and other groups are solicited and valued. A precondition for this is respect for freedom of association and facilitation of collective bargaining.

Despite its proven worth, social dialogue is far from being fully utilized everywhere. In some countries, freedom of association is still restricted, and in many others the opportunities for collective bargaining have narrowed in recent years. Trade union density is down in many countries. In some enterprises, outmoded hierarchical personnel practices can lead to acrimony and high labour turnover, breeding a chronically confrontational culture that in the long run is unproductive for both enterprises and workers.