Gender
and access to land. FAO Land Tenure Studies 4. July/August
2003.
Women, the elderly, minorities and other sometimes marginalized
groups can be at risk in land reform and land administration
projects. Very often, when land values increase as a result
of external investments, women become marginalized in the process,
and risk losing former benefits and accommodating situations.
The purpose of these guidelines is: to provide background information
to land administrators and other land professionals on why gender
issues matter in land projects; and to provide guidelines to
assist development specialists and land administration agencies
in ensuring that land administration enhances and protects the
rights of all stakeholders.
Filling
the data gap. Gender-sensitive statistics for agricultural development.
Statistics Division Economic and Social Department and the Women
and Population Division Sustainable Development Department, FAO.
High-Level Consultation on Rural Women and Information. Rome,
4-6 October 1999.
The main purpose of this publication is to sensitize policy-makers
to the benefits that sex-disaggregated information can bring to
policy-making, and - as the main recipients and seekers of such
information - move them to action at the national level. In this
capacity, policy-makers possess the ability to influence actively
both the production and the quality of information.
Participation
and information: the key to gender-responsive agricultural policy.
Women and Population Division Sustainable Development Department,
FAO. High-Level Consultation on Rural Women and Information. Rome,
4-6 October 1999
This publication discusses ways in which participatory approaches
and information can facilitate the formulation of gender-responsive
plans and strategies. It also attempts to respond to the question
of why a gender perspective is important for agricultural and
economic development policy and planning. The underlying assumption
is that such policy and planning would benefit from incorporating
a gender dimension, yet lack of information is one of the main
constraints to incorporating gender issues. Data on women are
still seen as only marginally relevant to policy-making and reliable
sources of such data, particularly in the agricultural sector,
are generally lacking.
Gender and
Rural Economics
Although both women and men small farmers have problems acquiring
credit in developing countries, the situation facing women is
more serious because they lack collateral. As men are the legally
recognized landowners, it is they who provide the collateral.
When they migrate to towns and cities, leaving women to manage
the household farm, the problem is clearly compounded. An analysis
of credit schemes in Kenya, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Zambia and Zimbabwe
found that women received less than 10 percent of the credit awarded
to smallholders and only 1 percent of the total amount of credit
directed to agriculture. In Jamaica, women account for only 5
percent of loans granted by the Agricultural Credit Bank. Ironically,
studies and experience both show that, when women succeed in obtaining
credit, they are more reliable than men in their debt repayments.
Gender
Mainstreaming in Agriculture and Rural Development. A Reference
Manual for Governments and Other Stakeholders. Commonwealth
Secretariat
This reference manual has been produced to assist member governments
in meeting their commitment to implementing the Plan of Action.
It is hoped that it will be used by public service commissioners,
policy-makers, planners and others, in conjunction with other
publications relating to the particular national context. The
manual is intended to assist readers in implementing a gender-aware
agriculture and rural development policy in the context of gender
mainstreaming. It is part of the Gender Management System Series,
which provides tools and sector-specific guidelines for gender
mainstreaming. This manual is intended to be used in combination
with the other documents in the series, particularly the Gender
Management System Handbook, which presents the conceptual and
methodological framework of the GMS.
Gender-Disaggregated
Data (GDD) for agriculture and rural development. Sustainable
Development Department, FAO, September 2002.
FAO's Strategic Framework (2000-2015), and successive Gender Plans
of Action (2002-2007 and 1996-2001) have also recognised the importance
of gender-disaggregated data (GDD) in food security policy and
planning. However, FAO recently observed that nearly all member
countries face similar difficulties in producing and using gender-disaggregated
data and statistics. These include: inadequate concepts, definitions
and methods to reflect men's and women's different roles in, and
contributions to, agriculture; stereotypes and biases that make
women less visible and subsequently prevent survey enumerators
and respondents from providing reliable information; under-utilisation
of existing data for gender analysis, and; poor communication
between data producers and users.
Género
en el desarrollo rural sostenible: la respuesta a un nuevo paradigma
- IICA / ASDI- (2001). (Gender in sustainable rural development:
an answer to a new paradigm)
The current development model, based on a free, efficient, competitive
and redistributive economy which has introduced considerable
changes in public finances stabilisation, macroeconomic balancing
and the modernisation of the productive capacity, has not produced
the expected results in terms of growth in regional economies,
which are way below the model's expectations.
Without any doubt, the most serious unsolved problem is that
of the life conditions and well-being of the rural population
in our countries and the overcoming of inequities in the structures
of income distribution and economic growth. Rural poverty is
still a proof of the exclusion sense of economy, remaining practically
unchanged since the nineties.
This situation has triggered the intention to introduce a change
of paradigm that may offer more than half the currently excluded
rural population the opportunity to become part of a new development
model in a productive, efficient and fair way. New Rurality
is the new model of economic, political and social inclusion
which recaptures rurality as the basis of our continental character
and unity. It gathers and defines the essential elements of
our economy, our social and political organisation and it explains
the foundations of our culture, where the traditional and partial
vision of rurality, closely connected and associated with agriculture,
is substituted for a rich universe, complex, multidimensional,
full of history, traditions and cultures, whose way of insertion
in the global village depends on the American society of this
century.
Enfoque
de Género en los Proyectos de Desarrollo Rural en América
Latina y el Caribe. Boletín InterCambios, Year 3,
N°33 (Gender Approach in Rural Development Projects in Latin
America and the Caribbean) - RIMISP/FIDAMERICA/CHORLAVI- (2003)
Many projects and programmes have included the intervention
of local actors in their process for quite a long time, placing
the emphasis on fair and equitable participation without exclusion.
In this way, the gender approach or perspective has become a
fundamental element to achieve progress in strengthening rural
organisations, protecting natural resources and fighting against
poverty, among other issues. Several links to documents and
web pages related to this subject are introduced.
Propuesta
metodológica para la operacionalización de la
equidad de género. (Methodological proposal to operate
gender equity). FIDAMERICA (2003)
Documents presented at the Segundo Encuentro de la Innovación
y el Conocimiento para Eliminar la Pobreza Rural (Second Meeting
of Innovation and Knowledge to Eradicate Rural Poverty). (Lima,
September 24-26 2003)
Campaña B., Pilar, P.hd. Género
como instrumento para el desarrollo rural y reducción
de la pobreza. (Gender as an instrument for rural development
and poverty reduction). IFAD. Document: Taller de las Encargadas
de Género. Progénero, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
July 2003
Module I: The Gender approach in development and the gender
approach in IFAD's projects
Module II: Poor women as beneficiaries of IFAD's projects:
problems, opportunities and challenges
Module III: Gender Strategies of IFAD- Latin America and
Caribbean Division: General guidelines to reduce persistent
gender inequity in the target population of IFAD's projects.
Module IV: Gender and women policies and strategies in Latin
America.
Campaña B., Pilar . Ph.D Equidad
de género, experiencias y desafíos. La división
de América latina y el Caribe del FIDA. (Gender equity,
experiences and challenges. IFAD-Latin America and Caribbean
Division). , FIDAMERICA (2003)
Poverty has become an endemic evil in Latin America and the
Caribbean. According to ECLAC's latest figures, poor population
in the Region increased by 11 millions between 1997 and 1999,
amounting to 211 millions of poor and 89 millions of needy.
In today's globalised world, this poverty mass creates a severe
economic and social void in our countries, with the loss of
talents and abilities of millions of men and women who are excluded
from productive, social and political structures. As stated
by IFAD, in the current scenario of more democratic and participation-promoting
governments, the presence of a large number of poor people can
no longer be ignored by society; indeed, they have to be recognised
as individuals with rights and as potential agents of change
who may and should play an important role in the search of viable
economic and social solutions.
