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11. How does functional analysis contribute to competency-based training?
Functional analysis, just like any other methodology which analyses occupations, becomes the basis for the creation of not only competency standards, but also training programmes.
The method of functional analysis is the first stone in the creation of labour competency standards. As such, it is in the root of the description of the occupational areas that are the object of standardisation. The integration of competency standards with their different components –units of competency, elements, evidence of performance, performance criteria, field of application, evidence of knowledge and assessment guidelines – is the basis for designing competency-based training curricula.
A crucial aspect of competency-based training is the necessary correspondence between the competencies required by different occupations and the contents of training programmes. For this reason, the process of transferring identified competencies to training curricula is essential to ensure the relevance of training programmes.
Some experiences of competency-based curriculum design have managed to describe such process from the point of view of identified competencies. Particularly, reference could be made to the methodology employed by CONALEP of Mexico, which is called: “Method for the design of competency-based training courses”.(1) In the same way, methodologies used by SENAI of Brazil, SENA of Colombia and INTECAP of Guatemala, among others, could be quoted.(2)
Overall, the relationship between functional analysis and competency-based training is founded in the grounds offered by such methodology for the design of training programmes.
Formerly, this methodology was frequently criticised because of its strong orientation towards the elaboration of competency standards, rather than training programmes. However, with time, many successful methodological adaptations have taken place. These adaptations have designed training programmes by taking functional analysis as the starting point.
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1 A quite extensive description may be obtained at: CONOCER, Análisis ocupacional y funcional del trabajo, Madrid, IBERFOP-OEI, 1998.
2 Some may be consulted at www.oitcinterfor.org/competencia laboral/banco de herramientas
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