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Q,m./02H45K7S:;<>?A,b$ cB&H) J2 gֳgֳ     A@  A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||S"0 f3f33@8sR ʚ;U_8ʚ; g4KdKd@z[ 0ppp@ <4!d!dl 0x0<4ddddl 0x04,___PPT10 D[SOrier Neķ0ķz[ 0DTimes New Romanķ0ķz[ 0 DCourier Newmanķ0ķz[ 01 ?z+ fTextile and Leather Industry Development DepartmentO =2IhThe Ethiopian Cotton-Textile Sector: Current Situation, Government Policies and Development Programmes iiC&\    lMinistry of Trade and Industry Textile and Leather Industry Development Department 2005.03.22 Addis Ababa *mkCC> S    E>Outline of the presentation Background Overview of the sector Contribution of the sector Opportunities and Challenges Industrial Development Strategies and Other Policies Development Programs Opportunities and Incentives J0    Background  2Historical Development 1 The traditional cottage industry Ethiopia has a long tradition of producing cotton textile. The traditional cottage industry has a long history in providing the dressing needs of the people made of woven cotton thread. The activities were traditionally held by small artisans called  Shemane who are the important economic unit of the traditional economy. CSA s year 2002 Statistical Abstract tells us that there were 297,987 textile and apparel making cottages/crafts under different form of ownership. ;!ECC@7     <4 Background  2 The Modern Textile and Garment Sector The modern textile sector has been started in Ethiopia back in 1939, established by foreign capital under the name of Dire Dawa Textile Mills. Since 1939 till 1961, five textile companies with different capacities have been constructed by private investors. During the years between 1975 and 1992 five additional large scale enterprises were established. Currently, there are 8 large scale textile factories, in which 7 of them are managed under public ownership. There are also 13 garment enterprises which produces for export market, in which 4 of them are public enterprises. The year 2004 CSA s Statistical Abstract reports that there are 36 textile manufacturing textiles with 22,373 employees >((A1 Overview of the Sector$   U 0 (CC  #2 The Cotton-Textile-Garment Sector$$ $ 2.1 Cotton Production Ethiopia has a long tradition of cotton cultivation. Cotton is grown in the lowlands of the country through rain-fed agriculture, and, since the last forty years, on modern irrigated farms. Available statistics indicate that about 92,000 hectares of land are utilized for cotton cultivation of which about 31,000 hectares are irrigated. Of the total land covered by cotton, 49,200 hectares or 54% is cultivated by smallholders, 22,462 hectares or 25% by private farms, and 19,904 hectares or 21% by state-owned farms. Smallholder farms are found in four Regional States. The bulk of the farms, 83%, are located in Amhara Regional State largely around Metema. The rest are distributed over Tigray, Afar and SNNPR. Smallholder farms all depend on rain for moisture. xZZZC CCCZ    !  H 2.1 Cotton Production&C  Private farms are found in Tigray, Afar, SNNPR and Gambella Regional States. About 50% of the private farms are rain-fed the other 50% irrigated. All t he farms in Tigray are rain-fed. The total volume of cotton production has fluctuated from year to year. In most recent years, it has averaged about 110,000 tons of raw cotton representing an overall average yield of 1.22 tons of raw cotton per hectare. In terms of lint cotton, the respective figures are 39,000 tons and 0.43 tons per hectare. There is wide variation in yield per hectare between rain-fed farms and irrigated farms. Again in terms of lint cotton, the yield per hectare on rain-fed farms is 0.23 tons while on irrigated farms it is 0.82 tons. <ZCC    k      2.1 Cotton ProductionC  A recent study of the Ministry of Agriculture indicates that there is some 2.6 million Ha of land suitable for cotton production, which is equivalent to that of Pakistan, the fourth largest producer of cotton in the world. The major cotton markets for Ethiopia are Africa, Asia and Europe. The largest portion (67%) of the cotton export was destined to the Asian countries, namely India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, while about 23% went top Africa. The remaining 10% was destined to European markets.C  "2.2 The Textile and Garment Sector##"  72.2 Textile and Garment Factories Most of the lint cotton annually produced by the public and private ginneries- some 30, 000 metric tons or 37% of the seed cotton annually produced is sold to domestic textiles mills and the export market. Domestic mills receive about 80% of the lint cotton supplied by ginneries. The production of textile goods is the largest formal sector manufacturing activity in the country. The sub-sector accounts for about 36% of total manufacturing in the country. It is the second largest manufacturing sub-sector after agro-processing. F""ACC 8 >6"2.2 The Textile and Garment Sector##"" Public and private owned textile and garment factories are now in existence. There 7 integrated public textile mills, 2 spinning mills, 2 thread factories, 1 blanket factories and 5 large scale garment factories There are also 1 private textile mill, 6 operational garment enterprises and 26 new entrants under investment The textile and garment factories by and large cater for the domestic market, but they are currently striving to export to the American and European markets. HNN9 =5"2.2 The Textile and Garment Sector##"" The Textile and Apparel Sector"  nThe tables shows that Production of textiles and apparel industries increased by 7.24 % while during the four years between 1999/00 and 2002/3 average growth rate was only 3 %. Average share of the textiles and apparel sub sector from manufacturing total become 8.91 % during the period ( 1999/00  2002/3). 0" 7  ?73 Contribution of the sectorContribution of the sector @8 4 Opportunities and Challenges ! F=4 Opportunities and Challenges A995 Industrial Development Strategies and Other Policies::.5.1 Policies and Strategies The Industrial development strategy was adopted in July 2003 The industrial strategy recognizes agricultural development is the basis for economic growth and development the development of agriculture is considered important for the industry to ensure sustainability and to develop effective linkage The strategy focuses on the principles of Private sector led industrialization Strengthening the capacity of existing industries to be competitive at the national, regional and international levels Utilizing, to the extent possible, labor intensive technologies with a view to create employment, generating incomes, and alleviating poverty Investment promotion and facilitation with increased emphasis on foreign investment Public private consultative and partnership for efficiencyzZaZZ+ZZa+  B:95 Industrial Development Strategies and Other Policies::The priority sub-sectors identified to drive the industrialization process are Textile and clothing Leather and leather products Food processing etc . 2OIOLC;95 Industrial Development Strategies and Other Policies::+The rationale for prioritizing the sector are A global overview of the cotton textiles industry shows that the developed countries had textile industries as the basis for their industrial development. It is noted that among the reasons why the cotton textile industry should be used to lay the foundation for Industrial Development include: Demand for textiles product, low capital investment, Geographical spread of the sub-sectors in the industry, labor intensity and low waste hence little harm to the environment which is currently of major concernH/Z(ZZ/(6 Development Programs"  There are seven integrated large-scale textile mills, two yarn and thread factories, and three blanket factories in Ethiopia. Only one of these factories is in the private sector. All the rest are state owned. The aggregate capacity of these factories is 120 million square meters of fabric and 32,000 tons of yarn per year. Most of the factories have become obsolete due to old age and operate at significantly below the capacity they were originally designed for . BZ   6 Development Programs"  e Garment industry is little developed. Although the number of private establishments in the sub-sector is increasing from time to time, the private sector is still mainly involved in garmenting and knitting activities. There are four large-scale garment factories in the public sector. These factories are old and cater almost for the domestic market. fZf f 6 Development Programs"   On the other hand except for one private company, Almeda Textile, there are currently about 26 private enterprises under different investment stages categorized under small and medium scale technology concentrating mainly on the garmenting and knitting business. Both the public and private operators are currently striving to export to the American and European markets. Of the private operators, Almeda textile, Ma Garment, Express Garment, Weinu Trading, Mulat garment , Yenus garment are already made progress in that endeavors. Other potential investors (Ambassador, Ras Dashen textile, Wawu fashin, and others) are on the way to complete their investment projects. :PPc7  V  '        ^         E ' 6 Development Programs  The Program is anchored on two pillars: an extensive development of cotton farming through large-scale and smallholder production on one side and labor-intensive garment manufacturing on the other. The Program is thus consistent with the Government policy of ADLI whose objective is to promote industrialization based on agricultural development. Indeed there can be no better opportunity than this Program to realize the objectives of ADLI in the short term.   (!6 Development Programs  kMore specifically, the Program has the following objectives: Promote commercial farming through large-scale and smallholder cultivation of cotton Lay the foundation for a rapid industrial development through export-led manufacturing Create employment opportunities for young Ethiopians who leave various technical and vocational schools Generate foreign exchange 2=/=-k  )"6 Development Programs  qWith a view to achieving the above objectives, it is targeted to export USD 500 million worth of cotton, textiles and garments by 2009. Following a preliminary assessment of the global market and the possibilities of creating additional production capacities over the time frame envisaged the above target has been apportioned among six major categories of products. rrq  *#6 Development Programs &Export Targets to beAchieved by 2009 &'2      926 Development Programs S Additional Capacity Required in Terms of Hectares of Land/Number of Plants ,RQ;37 Opportunities and IncentivesSPPP Investment Incentives Export Trade Duty Incentive Schemes Export Credit Guarantee Scheme Investment Fund Industrial Premises Income Tax privilege for Expatriates Privilege for Indirect Exporters Duty free import of raw hides and skins and finished hides and goat skins as well Relatively lower transportation and transit service cost.TZ#% D< 8 Remarks Considering all the advantages exist in Ethiopia for the cotton-textile sector once the Ethiopian Minster of Trade stated,  If the textile industry cannot be profitable in Ethiopia, it cannot be profitable anywhere . 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