ÿWPCÍ$ ÝÛÿ† ‹È”Þ`èÙT¼Þ H,Ä {³ nZc‘ꤢ+<ïüBA]ȧE’ÍõNˆ«†¯ŸgËËüiîÚ~üû5ùs‹ü‘ˆŒ¸ÅlªOï£%‡xÔIQ{íŸk¶mJЬ9PúÊÀì`5ÒÏÀ,`'àÀn¬]÷΄+.fþ’JVçÅ& †ßÏöJ¿ªõ3Õî4òc?p?€ÚÝ}ý3d@7ßôdš±?^4]ãRbH"f±Öhÿêê-p^_V´>´[ÏÐÊÊW*@?­q2€»qdA¤©±Ë’ï*QYœ´ŒÁvR(ŸmÓÜZËò]gûLá„¥ +Spܽ\þìߥ¸Tî E ‡wÙÿÜñb’àÝ÷qØÓN5zsšëìPe§s¹]!ÒMÕ ¤L¨²’Å8a'1i†¨Lý ÏüššŒbwžmÒ,‹ÝŽþztï×Û2ô„ÈN'TA¨&{˜.™*õÔº&F¯Ÿ“jqÄ3‘†N×çh¯˜ÎL_ÌáÝZª‡&êËLÃce((½ÙÛÍ¢ÂC´hÉžÀõþ“_{Ç×dATÏ‘ÍÑ!GñÞ> ¿EÀEÜ©,kO f‰I-‰“ãžš-n7®hÄÆ¬c yAÏ4 0ÍØ 0˜¥ 0¤= 0yá 0kZ 0kÅ 0~0 0~® 0×, 0Á 0ºÄ 0¹~ 0¢7 0¢Ù 0¢{ 0¢ 0Ï¿ 0⎠0õp 0e 0m 0.ˆ 0A¶ 0T÷U:K %… 0z‹ 0ä é 0=ú 0F7 0P} 1“Í 0Ù` 19 0·>Âõ 0O· U:!E@!UNB!4! 1·¤!["n­k" 04# BL# 0Oi#¸# 0PÐ#n­ $VVÿÿ8Document[1]Document StyleÌÔ  Ôà@ì..ìàòòò òÔ  ÔÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔˆÌóóó óV-ÿÿ8Document[2]Document StyleÌò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€òòÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÌó óóóV=ÿÿ8Document[3]Document StyleÌà..àò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  Ôó óVÿÿ8Document[4]Document Styleà..àò òòò.óó€€ó óV ÿÿ8Document[5]Document Styleà0..àÌV ÿÿ8Document[6]Document Styleà8..àÌV& ÿÿ8Document[7]Document Styleà0..àà0` ..` àÌV& ÿÿ8Document[8]Document Styleà0..àà8` ..` àÌl80ÿÿ:Technical[1]Technical Document StyleÌòòò òÔ  ÔÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÌóóà..àó ól-%ÿÿ:Technical[2]Technical Document StyleÌò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€òòÔ  ÔÔ  ÔóóÌà..àó ól*!ÿÿ:Technical[3]Technical Document StyleÌò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  Ôà..àó ól&!ÿÿ:Technical[4]Technical Document Styleò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  Ôà..àó ól/ÿÿ:Technical[5]Technical Document Styleà..àò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€.€€ó ól/ÿÿ:Technical[6]Technical Document Styleà..àò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€.€€ó ól/ÿÿ:Technical[7]Technical Document Styleà..àò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€.€€ó ól/ÿÿ:Technical[8]Technical Document Styleà..àò òÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€.€€ó ózS ÿÿ:Right Par[1]Right-Aligned Paragraph NumbersàÐ..àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆà°..°àà0..àÌzf ÿÿ:Right Par[2]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..ààÐ` ..` àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆà..àà0` ..` àÌzy ÿÿ:Right Par[3]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..àà` ..` ààи ..¸ àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆà` ..` àà0¸ ..¸ àÌzŒ ÿÿ:Right Par[4]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..àà` ..` àภ..¸ ààÐ..àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆà¸ ..¸ àà0..àÌzŸ ÿÿ:Right Par[5]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..àà` ..` àภ..¸ àà..ààÐh..hàÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆà..àà0h..hàÌz² ÿÿ:Right Par[6]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..àà` ..` àภ..¸ àà..ààh..hààÐÀ..ÀàÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆàh..hàà0À..ÀàÌzÅ ÿÿ:Right Par[7]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..àà` ..` àภ..¸ àà..ààh..hààÀ..ÀààÐ..àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆàÀ..Ààà0..àÌzØ ÿÿ:Right Par[8]Right-Aligned Paragraph Numbersà..àà` ..` àภ..¸ àà..ààh..hààÀ..Ààà..ààÐp..pàÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ˆà..àà0p..pàÌ4AÁ A`"Antique Olive&R& ÿÿ8BibliogrphyBibliographyà0..àà°..°àÌÌfpÿÿ2Doc InitInitialize Document StyleÓ€ÓÇÓS€ !   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A. a.(1)(a) i) a)SÓØØ (ÿÿ$˜˜Ìà0 àà à(ÿÿ$™™à0 àà0 àà à((ÿÿ$ššà0 àà0 àà0 àà à ÿÿA_ekqw‡DocumentDocument StyleI.1.A.a.(1)(a)i)a)joÿÿ4Tech InitInitialize Technical StyleÓS€ #   1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 þSÓØØ  ÿÿCuy±ÉåTechnicalTechnical Document Style11.11.1.11.1.1.11.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1x?ãt2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paperÓÈÓÑ °ÑÑè°ÑÖ€%ÿÿÖ ¸Ý ƒ&ÿÿ(ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ X&&ÔÔ€X XX ÔÔ€'X XXX ÔÓÈÓÒX°ÒÒ°°ÒÓÿÿÀ°œXÓß6€/('ü°ø*–d6ßß6€/('°ø*–d6ßÌÌàTT Àà1ˆÌÌàTT Àà2ˆÌÌàTT Àà3ˆÌÌàTT Àà4ˆÌÌàTT Àà5ˆÌÌàTT Àà6ˆÌÌàTT Àà7ˆÌÌàTT Àà8ˆÌÌàTT Àà9ˆÌÌàèè Àà10ˆÌÌàèè Àà11ˆÌÌàèè Àà12ˆÌÌàèè Àà13ˆÌÌàèè Àà14ˆÌÌàèè Àà15ˆÌÌàèè Àà16ˆÌÌàèè Àà17ˆÌÌàèè Àà18ˆÌÌàèè Àà19ˆÌÌàèè Àà20ˆÌÌàèè Àà21ˆÌÌàèè Àà22ˆÌÌàèè Àà23ˆÌÌàèè Àà24ˆÌÌàèè Àà25ˆÌÌàèè Àà26ˆÌÌàèè Àà27ˆÌÌàèè Àà28Ô  à.À+Ô('2(R$¨¨Ý ƒ.¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý4AÁ A`"Antique Olive' ~  Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular[3 ( PQRS ÿÿCƒ‰•›£«±Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|WÞ«4AÁ A`"Antique Olive&&tAÁ P’…-7û&P( ¤U$¡¡Ó  Ó d('2(R$©©Ý ƒ.¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý Ö€Ö((3þ½$¦¦Ý ƒ.¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý«'i÷`*TymesRomanGlyphix&&gi÷PÇrgE&PÝ ƒ.¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ýѱ°Ñѱ°ÑÒ±°ÒÒ±°ÒÑTRVüÐ6Â&3Ø'Ï6Á&A4labelÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€Ôf&&dØ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€)&uW&&&Ôò òINTERORGANIZATION€PROGRAMME€ONà€„„\#àIOMC/HCS/95ó óˆÐ ± Ðò òSOUND€MANAGEMENT€OF€CHEMICALSó óà€X#àò ò14€January€1996ó óˆÐ ‰Ø ÐÌÌà@P P %`àò òCOORDINATING€GROUP€FOR€THE€HARMONIZATIONˆÐ ` Ðà@˜ ˜ *`àCHEMICAL€CLASSIFICATION€SYSTEMSˆÌÌó óà@" " #`àò òREVISED€TERMS€OF€REFERENCE€AND€WORK€PROGRAMMEó óˆÐ ™ è ÐÌÌò òINTRODUCTIONó óÐ ! p  ÐÌÔ€)%õV%&)&uWÔ1.à  àThe€production€and€use€of€chemicals€are€fundamental€factors€in€the€economic€development€of€allÐ Ñ  Ðcountries,€whether€they€are€industrialized€or€developing.€In€one€way€or€another,€chemicals€affect€directly€orÏindirectly€the€lives€of€all€humans€and€are€essential,€among€other€areas,€to€their€feeding,€their€health€or€their€wellÏbeing.€This€omnipresence€of€chemicals€in€all€economic€sectors€has€traditionally€resulted€at€the€national€level€inÏthe€elaboration€of€sector„specific€regulations€(transport,€industry,€environment,€health,€agriculture,€commerce,Ïconsumer€products,€labour).€The€increas‚ing€recognition€of€the€poten‚tially€catastrophic€dimension€of€an€unsafeÏuse€of€chemicals,€regardless€of€economic€sector€boundaries,€is€leading€to€a€global€approach€to€the€managementÏof€risks€related€to€the€use€of€chemi‚cals,€i.e.€the€establishment€of€control€mechanisms€covering€the€full€life€cycleÏof€chemicals.€€ÌÌ2.à  àThe€first€and€most€essential€step€leading€to€safe€use€of€chemicals€is€that€knowledge€related€to€theirÐ A Ðidentity,€their€health€and€physical€hazards€and€the€means€to€control€them,€is€readily€available€at€a€reasonable€cost,Ïprefera‚bly€before€they€are€put€on€the€market.€Furthermore,€this€inherently€complex€knowledge€must€be€organizedÏin€such€a€way€that€the€essential€information€on€the€hazards€from€chemicals€and€the€corresponding€protective€meaƒ¼sures€can€be€identified€and€conveyed€to€users€in€a€form€that€is€easy€to€understand,€particularly€to€non€specialists.ÏIn€the€context€of€chemical€safety,€the€hazard€classification€and€labelling€process,€including€provi‚sions€for€theÏdissemination€of€specific€safety€and€health€informa‚tion€is€the€essential€tool€for€the€establishing€an€effectiveÏinformation€transfer€interface€between€hazard€assessment€and€risk€assessment€and€management€of€chemicals.€TheÏdegree€of€hazard€each€chemical€represents€for€humankind€and€the€environment€can€then€be€recognized€easily€andÏunequivocally,€the€correct€preventive€actions€be€taken,€and€safe€use€achieved.€ÌÌ3.à  àOnly€a€small€number€of€classifica‚tion€and€labelling€systems€with€established€use€experience,€eachÐ ‰Ø! Ðaddressing€specific€use€patterns€and€groups€of€chemicals,€exist€already€at€the€national,€regional€and€internationalÏlevels.€International€harmonization€of€classification€and€labelling€systems€for€chemicals,€including€pureÏsubstances€and€mixtures€will€increase€the€health€and€safety€awareness€of€chemical€users,€facilitate€internationalÏtrade€in€chemicals,€and€reduce€duplicative€animal€testing€and€other€work€€related€to€classification.€By€adoptingÏwithin€the€past€three€years€a€number€of€important€resolutions,€internation‚al€agreements€and€recommen‚dations,Ïmember€States€have€confirmed€the€importance€of€harmonizing€at€the€international€level€the€classification€andÏlabelling€of€chemicals.€€Ìò òÌBASIS€FOR€ACTIONó óÐ !'p#* ÐÌ4.à  àThe€present€Terms€of€Reference€provide€guiding€principles,€procedures€€and€workplans€for€undertakingÐ Ñ( %, Ðthe€technical€work€€for€harmonizing€existing€systems€of€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicals.€They€are€basedÏon€the€finding€of€the€1992€ILO€òòReport€on€the€Size€of€the€Task€of€Harmonizing€Existing€Systems€of€ClassificationÐ *Ð&. Ðand€Labelling€for€Hazardous€Chemicalsóó.€In€January€1992,€the€Intersecretariat€Committee€€of€the€InternationalÐ Y+¨'/ ÐProgramme€on€Chemical€Safety€(IPCS),€endorsed€the€establishment€of€a€Coordinating€Group€for€theÏHarmonization€of€Chemical€Classification€Systems€(CG/HCCS)€to€promote€and€oversee€this€work.ÌÌ5.à  àThe€following€international€instruments,€Conference€resolutions€and€intergovernmental€and€inter„Ð ¹.+3 Ðorganizational€decisions€€are€the€basis€for€action€toward€€achieving€a€globally€harmonized€system€of€classificationÏand€labelling€of€chemicals:€ÌÌ(a)à0  àthe€1989€ILO€Resolution€concerning€harmonization€of€€systems€of€classification€and€labelling€for€the€useÐ 2h.7i Ðof€hazardous€chemicals€at€work;Ð  # # ÐÌ(b)à0  àthe€ILO€Chemicals€Convention€(No.€170),€1990€and€its€accompagnying€Recommendation€(No.€177);а # # ÐÌ(c)à0  àthe€1992€UNCED€Recommendations€in€Agenda€21,€Chapter€19€on€environmentally€€sound€managementÐ ±` Ðof€chemicals,€programme€area€B,€concerning€harmonization€of€classification€and€labelling€of€toxicÏchemicals;Ð  # # ÐÌ(d)à0  àthe€Resolution€on€priorities€for€action,€Programme€area€B,€adopted€by€the€1994€International€ConferenceÐ  À Ðon€Chemical€Safety€after€being€constituted€as€the€Intergovernmental€Forum€on€Chemical€Safety;Ð  # # ÐÌ(e)à0  àthe€decision€by€the€Inter„Organization€Coordinating€Committee(IOCC)€of€the€Inter„OrganizationÐ ™H  ÐProgramme€for€the€Sound€Management€of€Chemicals€(IOMC)€to€have€the€CG/HCCS€report€to€the€IOMCÏinstead€of€the€IPCS;Ð  # # ÐÌ(f)à0  àthe€UN€Economic€and€Social€Council€Resolution€1995/6€on€the€Role€of€the€Committee€of€Experts€onÐ ù¨  ÐTransport€of€Dangerous€Goods€in€the€development€of€a€harmonized€system€of€classification€and€labellingÏof€chemicals€for€the€implementation€of€Chapter€19€of€Agenda€21.Ð  # # ÐÌAdditional€background€information€is€provided€in€ò òAnnexes€1€and€2.ó óÐ Y ÐÌò òPURPOSE€OF€HARMONIZATIONó óÐ  ¸ ÐÌ6.à  àIn€Chapter€19€of€Agenda€21,€UNCED€defines€the€objective€of€harmonization€as€"a€globally€harmonizedÐ ¹h Ðhazard€classification€and€compatible€labelling€system,€including€material€safety€data€sheets€and€easilyÏunderstandable€symbols,€should€be€available,€if€feasible,€by€the€year€2000".€An€internationally€harmonizedÏchemical€classification€and€labelling€system€will:ÌÌ(a)à0  àenhance€the€protection€of€mankind€and€€the€environment€by€providing€an€internationally€comprehensibleÐ ñ  Ðsystem€for€hazard€communication;Ð  # # ÐÌ(b)à0  àprovide€a€recognized€framework€for€those€countries€without€an€existing€system;Ðy( # # ÐÌ(c)à0  àreduce€the€need€for€testing€and€evaluation€of€chemicals.Ð)!Ø! # # ÐÌ(d)à0  àfacilitate€international€trade€in€chemicals€whose€hazards€have€been€properly€assessed€and€identified€onÐ Ù"ˆ# Ðan€international€basis.Ð  # # ÐÌò òGENERAL€PRINCIPLESó óÐ a% & ÐÌ7.à  àThe€work€of€harmonization€of€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicals€should€be€directed€by€theÐ 'À!( Ðfollowing€principles€and€definitions:ÌÌ(a)à0  àthe€level€of€protection€offered€to€workers,€consumers,€the€general€public€and€the€environment€should€notÐ ™)H$+ Ðbe€reduced€as€a€result€of€harmonizing€the€classification€and€labelling€systems;Ð  # # ÐÌ(b)à0  àthe€hazard€classification€process€refers€only€to€the€hazards€arising€from€the€intrinsic€properties€ofÐ !,Ð&. Ðchemical€elements€and€compounds,€and€mixtures€thereof,€whether€natural€or€synthetic;Ð  # # ÐÌ(c)à0  àharmonization€means€establishing€a€common€and€coherent€basis€for€chemical€hazard€classification€andÐ ©.X)1 Ðcommunication,€from€which€the€appropriate€elements€relevant€to€means€of€transport,€consumer,€workerÏand€environment€protection€can€be€selected;Ð  # # ÐÌ(d)à0  àthe€scope€of€harmonization€€includes€both€hazard€classification€criteria€and€hazard€communication€tools,Ð  2¸,5 Ðe.g.€labelling€and€chemical€safety€data€sheets,€taking€into€account€especially€the€four€existing€systemsÏidentified€in€the€ILO€report;€€Ð  # # ÐÐ ª1X,) Ð(e)à0  àchanges€in€all€these€systems€will€be€required€to€achieve€a€single€globallyÐ R Ðharmonized€system;€transitional€measures€should€be€included€in€the€process€ofÏmoving€to€the€new€system.Ð  # # ÐÌ€(f)à0  àthe€involvement€of€concerned€international€organizations€of€employers,€workers,Ð ¦ T Ðconsumers,€and€other€relevant€organizations€in€the€process€of€harmonization€shouldÏbe€ensured;Ð  # # ÐÌ(g)à0  àthe€comprehension€of€chemical€hazard€information,€by€the€target€audience,€e.g.Ð ú ¨ Ðworkers,€consumers€and€the€general€public€€should€be€addressed;Ð  # # ÐÌ(h)à0  àvalidated€data€already€generated€for€the€classification€of€chemicals€under€theÐ 9ç  Ðexisting€systems,€should€be€accepted€when€reclassifying€these€chemicals€under€theÏharmonized€system;Ð  # # ÐÌ(i)à0  àa€new€harmonized€classification€system€may€require€adaptation€of€existingÐ ; Ðmethods€for€testing€of€chemicals;Ð  # # ÐÌ(j)à0  àin€relation€to€chemical€hazard€communication,€the€safety€and€health€of€workers,Ð Ìz Ðconsumers€and€the€public€in€general,€as€well€as€the€protection€of€the€environment,€Ïshould€be€ensured€while€protecting€confidential€business€information,€as€prescribedÏby€the€competent€authorities.Ð  # # ÐÌò òFUNCTIONS€€OF€THE€COORDINATING€GROUPó óÐ 5ã ÐÌ8.à  àThrough€a€consensual€process,€the€CG/HCCS€catalyses€the€develop‚ment€of€aÐ [  Ðglobally€harmonized€classification€and€hazard€communication€system€for€chemicals,Ïaccording€to€an€established€workplan.€This€implies€a€role€of€effective€coordination€andÏoverseeing€of€activities€undertaken€by€interna‚tional,€regional€and€national€bodies,Ïincluding€the€input€of€international€employer,€supplier,€worker,€consumer€andÏenvironmental€organizations€who€express€an€interest€in€working€on€specific€aspects€ofÏharmonization.€The€functions€of€the€€Coordinating€Group€are€to:ÌÌ(a)à0  àplan€and€undertake,€or€delegate,€coordinate€and€oversee€the€work€of€variousÐ )±#! Ðnational€and€international€bodies€on€the€tasks€required€to€achieve€the€UNCEDÏtarget€for€the€harmonization€of€chemical€classification€and€labelling€systems;Ð  # # ÐÌ(b)à0  àgain€agreement€of€the€concerned€bodies€on€priorities,€schedules€and€workplans€forÐ W-(% Ðsuch€tasks;Ð  # # ÐÌ(c)à0  àestablish,€promote€or€operate€mechanisms€for€consultation,€negotiation€andÐ –0D+( Ðmediation€among€those€bodies€having€a€direct€interest;€andЫ1Y,) # # Ї(d)à0  àplan€for€and€make€arrangements€for€decisions€to€be€taken€on€viable€harmonizationÐ R Ðoptions€where€no€agreement€can€be€reached€through€negotiation.Ð  # # ÐÌ(e)à0  àensure€that€the€harmonization€process€delivers€benefits€for€human€health€andÐ ‘? Ðenvironmental€protection;Ð  # # ÐÌ(f)à0  àensure€that€harmonization€proposals€are€cost„effective;ÐÐ ~ # # ÐÌ(g)à0  àensure€that€all€interested€parties€are€consulted;Ðú ¨ # # ÐÌ(h)à  àpromote€the€benefits€of€a€harmonized€system;Ð $Ò  ÐÌ(i)à0  àconsider€and€elaborate€options€for€translating€the€technical€work€of€harmonizationÐ Nü  Ðinto€an€instrument€or€recommendations€applicable€at€the€national€level.Ð  # # ÐÌò òSTRUCTURE€OF€THE€COORDINATING€GROUPó óÐ ; ÐÌ9.à  àThe€CG€HCCS€includes€representatives€of€Member€States€with€establishedÐ ³a Ðclassification€and€labelling€systems,€intergovernmental€organizations€and€programmesÏhaving€an€interest€in€this€area€or€administering€€specific€international€or€regional€systems,Ïinterested€international€non€governmental€organizations€of€suppliers,€employers,€workersÏand€consumers,€and€international€non€governmental€organizations€concerned€with€theÏprotection€of€the€environment.€ò òAnnex€3ó ó€provides€the€current€list€of€participating€€bodies.Ð Ê ÐThe€CG/HCCS€is€led€by€a€Chairman€and€a€Vice€Chairman€elected€for€a€two„year€termÏfrom€among€the€government€representatives€of€Member€States€in€the€Group.€The€ILOÏprovides€the€secretariat€of€the€Coordinating€Group.€The€CG/HCCS€reports€to€the€Inter„¼Organization€Coordinating€Committee€(IOCC)€of€the€Inter„Organization€Programme€forÏthe€Sound€Management€of€Chemicals€(IOMC).ÌÌò òPROCEDURESó óÐ ²$` Ðà  àÌ10.à  àThe€CG/HCCS€meets€on€a€semi„annual€basis.€It€may€invite€experts€to€its€policyÐ Ø&†! Ðmeetings€and€establish€working€parties,€as€necessary.ÌÌ11.à  àThe€CG/HCCS,€through€appropriate€consultations,€sets„up€priorities€and€identifiesÐ *Å$" Ðfocal€points€responsible€for€specific€activities€as€defined€in€the€workplans.€As€appropriate,Ïit€assists€the€focal€points€in€establishing€working€parties€which€may€be€composed€ofÏseveral€national€agencies,€research€institutions,€members€of€the€private€sector€and€otherÏinterested€bodies.€Each€working€party€is€responsible€for€ensuring€the€completion€ofÏspecific€task(s)€assigned.ÌÌ12.à  àThe€CG/HCCS,€through€its€secretariat,€assists€the€focal€points€in€their€tasks.€It€Ð ª1X,) Ðcommunicates€to€the€focal€points€the€planned€activities,€establishes€procedures€for€liaison,Ïcoordination€and€reporting,€and€initiates€actions.€When€appropriate,€the€human€resourcesÏof€the€secretariat€may€be€strengthened€through€secondments€from€industry€orÏgovernments.€The€secretariat€may€also€recruit€experts€to€prepare€specific€studies.ÌÌ13.à  àThe€CG/HCCS€activities€are€further€elaborated€as€follows€in€relation€to€theÐ » i Ðrequirements€for€managing€five€stages€in€the€harmonization€process.ÌÌò òà  àAnalysisó óÐ ú ¨ ÐÌ14.à  àThe€first€stage€is€a€factual€comparative€analysis€of€the€elements€of€existingÐ  Î  Ðclassification€and€labelling€systems.€€This€can€be€accomplished€effectively€by€theÏpreparation€of€reports€or€discussion€papers€followed€by€a€review€in€writing€or€by€workingÏgroup€discussion€with€the€process€managed€by€a€national€or€international€body€acting€asÏfocal€point.€€The€CG/HCCS,€ensures€that€in€overseeing€the€process€that€it€is€well€plannedÏand€that€the€review€is€broad,€rigorous€and,€therefore,€credible.ÌÌò òà  àSynthesisó óÐ ³a ÐÌ15.à  àThe€reviews€can€have€three€main€results:Ð Ù‡ ÐÌ(a)à0  àExperts€believe€that€there€is€substantial€agreement€among€the€systems€analyzedÐ ± Ðconcerning€the€element€or€issue€under€review.€€A€proposal€for€a€harmonizedÏelement€can€be€drafted€based€on€the€identified€common€ground.€€In€some€cases,Ïthis€synthesis€is€combined€with€the€analysis€stage.Ð  # # ÐÌ(b)à0  àWhere€the€analysis€shows€that€there€are€differences€among€two€or€more€systemsÐ l! Ðconcerning€the€element€under€review,€options€may€be€prepared€for€furtherÏcomment€and€discussion,€along€with€a€rationale€or€basis€for€each€option.Ð  # # ÐÌ(c)à0  àIn€some€cases,€the€element€in€question,€may€be€treated€in€vastly€different€ways€inÐ À%n  Ðthe€different€systems,€€because€of€policy€or€still€unclear€scientific€basis.€More€workÏor€discussion€is€required€before€the€analysis€and€synthesis€can€be€carried€out.€TheÏCG/HCCS€will€assist€the€focal€point€in€developing€plans€for€such€follow„up€work.Ð  # # ÐÌ16.à  àIn€developing€proposals€for€harmonization,€the€focal€point€should€seek€andÐ )+×%# Ðconsider€the€views€of€interested€parties€and€take€into€account€the€costs€of€alternativeÏproposals.€Details€of€these€matters€should€be€included€in€the€presentation€of€options€to€theÏCG/HCCS.ÌÌò òà  àConsultationó óÐ ’0@+( ÐÐ £1Q,) Ð17.à  àThe€CG/HCCS€ensures€that€the€analytical€reports€and€the€proposals€are€factuallyÐ R Ðcorrect€and€determines€whether€a€harmonization€proposal€has€broad€support.€It€isÏaccomplished€through€delegating€the€responsibility€to€the€national€or€international€bodyÏundertaking€the€work,€or€by€appropriate€distribution€by€the€CG/HCCS€Secretariat€toÏnational€authorities€and€to€relevant€international€bodies€and€stakeholders€seeking€formalÏagreement€on€a€harmonization€proposal.ÌÌ18.à  àWhere€there€are€different€possible€harmonization€proposals,€the€CG/HCCSÐ å “ ÐSecretariat€should€survey€national€authorities€and€relevant€international€bodies€toÏdetermine€the€level€of€support€for€the€different€proposals€for€the€harmonization€of€theÏclassification€element€in€question.ÌÌò òà  àNegotiation€and€mediationó óÐ Nü  ÐÌ19.à  àOpen€technical€discussion€tends€to€build€consensus€around€a€viable€proposal.€TheÐ t" ÐCG/HCCS€will€extend€such€discussions€of€the€representatives€of€governments€andÏrelevant€international€bodies€to€include€informal€and€formal€negotiations€among€them€toÏseek€common€ground.€In€some€instances€the€CG/HCCS€might€use€mediation€techniquesÏto€resolve€differences€of€view€and€build€consensus.€Such€negotiation€and€mediationÏefforts€could€take€place€as€an€extension€of€the€regular€meetings€of€the€CG/HCCS.ÌÌà  àò òDecision„making€processó óÐ µ ÐÌ20.à  àWhere€and€when€the€negotiations€or€mediation€do€not€result€in€agreement€on€aÐ -Û Ðharmonization€proposal,€a€mechanism€is€needed€for€taking€decisions€on€the€various€issuesÏin€question€and€for€ensuring€that€such€decisions€are€binding€on€the€countries€andÏinternational€bodies€which€administer€the€classification€systems€affected€by€the€decisions.€ÌÌ21.à  àThe€CG/HCCS€should€frame€the€issues€to€be€addressed€in€the€decision„makingÐ –#D Ðmode.€Questions€to€be€addressed€include:€€whether€or€not€harmonization€of€a€specificÏissued€should€be€forced€by€a€vote;€and€if€so,€by€whom,€when€and€how€(e.g.€by€majorityÏvote).€However,€to€decide€those€issues,€as€well€as€the€ultimate€decision€on€the€options,Ïwould€likely€require€a€high„level€Meeting€or€Conference.Ìò òÌPLAN€OF€ACTIONó óÐ *¾$" ÐÌ22.à  àUNCED€Agenda€21,€Chapter€19€calls€for€harmonization€of€classification€andÐ 6,ä&$ Ðlabelling€systems€by€the€year€2000.€The€initial€focus€of€the€CG/HCCS€activity€is€on€theÏcriteria€and€related€test€methods€for€each€of€the€hazard€categories.€The€target€forÏcompletion€of€the€harmonization€of€criteria€is€late€1996€so€that€the€criteria€package€canÏbe€considered€by€the€IFCS€meeting€in€early€1997€and€by€the€CSD€meeting€in€mid€1997.ÌÐ Ÿ1M,) Ð23.à  àThis€work€will€€be€followed€by,€or€overlapped€by€work€on€the€harmonization€of€theÐ R Ðnames€of€the€various€hazard€sub„categories€defined€by€the€criteria,€and€work€on€theÏcorresponding€symbols€or€pictogramme.ÌÌ24.à  àParallel€activities€on€a€number€of€other€hazard€communication€items€such€as€labels,Ð ¦ T Ðstandard€phrases,€etc.€will€€be€planned€and€undertaken€so€that€all€items€could€be€linkedÏor€integrated€in€1998„1999.ÌÌÌ25.à  àOnce€completed,€the€set€of€harmonized€€proposals€will€be€taken€through€one€of€theÐ ½  Ðinternational€instruments€ñÊñto€be€ñÊñproposed€by€the€CG/HCCS€€and€selected€by€the€IFCS€.€ÌÌò òAREAS€FOR€HARMONIZATION€ACTIVITIESó óÐ Nü  ÐÌ26.à  àBased€on€the€ILO€òòReport€on€the€Size€of€the€Task€of€Harmonizing€Existing€SystemsÐ t" Ðof€Classification€and€Labelling€for€Hazardous€Chemicalsóó€€and€results€of€discussions€inÐ ‰7 Ðthe€ensuing€meetings,€the€following€elements€have€been€identified€for€prioritization€andÏaction.€€ÌÌà  àò òÔ‡)ål»)»ÙþÔHEALTH€HAZARDSó óÔ#†)»Ùþ»)ålÁQ#ÔÐ Ý‹ ÐÌ(a)à0  àò òAcute€health€hazards€criteriaó ó,€including€irritants;€corrosive€to€biological€tissues;Ð = Ðacute€toxicity€(oral,€dermal,€inhalation);€Ð  # # ÐÌ(b)à0  àò òLong€term€health€hazards€criteriaó ó,€including€chronic€toxicity€(including€targetÐ Ñ Ðorgan€effects);€sensitization;€carcinogens;€effects€on€reproduction/development;Ïmutagens.Ð  # # Ðà0  àà0a # #àÐ a#a# Ðà  àÔ‡)ål»)»ÙþÔò òPHYSICAL€HAZARDSó ó€Ô#†)»Ùþ»)ålT#ÔÐ (#Ö ЀÌ(c)à0  àò òFlammable€materialsó ó€:€solids,€liquids,€aerosols,€gases;ÐÝ$‹ # # ÐÌ(d)à0  àò òReactive€materialsó ó€:€explosive€materials,€oxidizing€substances€includingÐ  '¸!  Ðperoxides;€reactive€substances;€substances€corrosive€to€metals.Ð  # # ÐÌ(e)à0  àò òCompressed€gasesó óÐL*ú$# # # ÐÌà  àÔ‡)ål»)»ÙþÔò òENVIRONMENTAL€HAZARDSó óÔ#†)»Ùþ»)ålV#ÔÐ y,''% ÐÌ(f)à  àò òaquatic€environmentó ó€(fresh€water,€marine€environment)€Ð +.Ù(' ÐÌ(g)à  àò òsoil€and€terrestrial€environmenó ót,€Ð X0+) ÐÐ p1,* Ð(h)à  àò òatmospheric€environment.ó óÐ R ÐÌà  àÔ‡)ål»)»ÙþÔò òHAZARD€COMMUNICATIONó ó:Ô#†)»Ùþ»)ål’W#ÔÐ - ÐÌ(i)à0  àò òLabellingó ó:€minimum€data€element€requirements;€graphic€hazard€symbolsÐ 4 â Ð(pictograms,€colours,€frames);€comprehensibility€of€written€and€graphic€hazardÏwarnings;€method€for€the€selection€of€proper€hazard€symbols€and€risk€and€safetyÏphrases.Ð  # # ÐÌ(j)à0  àò òChemical€safety€data€sheetsó ó:€format;€data€elements;€harmonization€ofÐ  N  Ðphraseology;€phraseology€comprehensibility;€means€of€dissemination€on€aÏworldwide€basis.€Ð  # # ÐÌ(k)à0  àò òTraining€in€hazard€communication:ó ó€(transport,€consumers€and€workplace).Ð ÷¥  ÐIncludes€principles€for€the€elaboration€of€training€packages€for€compilers€and€users.Ð  # # ÐÌà  àÔ‡)ål»)»ÙþÔò òSPECIAL€HAZARDSó óÔ#†)»Ùþ»)ålûZ#ÔÐ 9ç ÐÌ(l)à  àò òradioactive€materialó ós,€Ð ë™ ÐÌ(m)à  àò òhazardous€wastesó ó.Ð Æ Ðà  àà a àà ¹ àà  àÌò òÔ‡)ål»)»ÙþÔCLASSIFICATION€METHODS€FOR€PREPARATIONS€(MIXTURES)ó óÔ#†)»Ùþ»)ål\#Ô:€Ð Eó ÐÌ(n)à  àò òpreparation€of€appropriate€harmonized€methodsó ó.Ð o ÐÌÌÐ  ±!_ Ðà@ÄÄ6aàò òAnnex€1ó óˆÐ R ÐÌÌà@4aàò òBACKGROUNDˆÐ ; Ðó óÌÌÔ€)%ŸW %»)»ÙþÔ1.à  àThe€involvement€of€international€organizations€in€the€field€of€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicalsÐ È v Ðstarted€in€the€early€fifties.€In€1952,€the€International€Labour€Organization€(ILO)€called€on€its€Chemical€IndustriesÏCommittee€to€study€the€classification€and€labelling€of€dangerous€substances.€In€1953,€the€United€NationsÏEconomic€and€Social€Council€(ECOSOC)€created€within€the€Economic€Council€for€Europe,€the€UN€CommitteeÏof€Experts€on€the€Transport€of€Dangerous€Goods€(UN€CETDG).€This€Committee€elaborated€the€firstÏinternationally€recognized€classification€and€labelling€system€for€the€purpose€of€transporting€dangerous€goods.ÏIt€was€first€published€in€1956€as€the€UN€Recommendations€on€the€Transport€of€Dangerous€Goods€(UN€RTDG).ÏUN€organizations€such€as€the€International€Maritime€Organization€(IMO)€and€the€International€Civil€AviationÏOrganization€(ICAO)€as€well€as€other€international€and€regional€bodies€covering€all€transport€modes€use€theÏRTDG€as€a€basis€for€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicals€for€the€purpose€of€transport.€The€RTDG€are€nowÏincluded€in€the€transport€legislation€of€most€of€the€UN€member€States€and€are€also€used€for€labelling€chemicalsÏin€the€workplace€Ñ€1Ñin€a€large€number€of€developing€countries.€A€number€of€classification€and€labelling€systems€forÏchemicals€have€been€elaborated€by€regional€organizations€such€as€the€European€Communities€and€by€individualÏmember€States€such€as€Australia,€Canada,€Japan€and€the€USA,€to€cover€consumers,€workers€and€the€environment.€ÌÌ2.à  àThe€ILO€adopted€in€1989€a€Resolution€concerning€the€harmonization€of€systems€of€classification€andÐ Cñ Ðlabelling€for€the€use€of€hazardous€chemicals€at€work,€and€in€1990,€a€Convention€(No.170)€and€a€Recommen‚da‚tionÏ(No.177)€concerning€safety€in€the€use€of€chemicals€at€work.€In€response€to€the€Resolu‚tion,€the€ILO€evaluated€theÏsize€of€the€task€of€harmonizing€classification€systems€and€issued€a€report€which€was€further€reviewed€at€aÏconsultation€of€experts€(Geneva,€14„15€November€1991)€and€presented€to€the€Director€General€of€the€ILO€inÏDecember€1992€after€appropriate€updating€to€reflect€recent€developments.€ÌÌ3.à  àThe€Joint€Meeting€of€the€Chemicals€Group€and€Management€Committee€of€the€OECD€endorsed€on€20Ð Ä ÐNovember€1991€the€participation€of€the€OECD€in€interna‚tional€ongoing€and€future€harmonization€activities,Ïparticu‚larly€those€initiated€within€the€IPCS.€A€Clearinghouse€led€by€the€CEC,€Sweden€and€the€USA€wasÏestablished€to€undertake€harmonization€of€classification€criteria€for€acute€oral€toxicity€and€hazard€to€theÏenvironment.ÌÌ4.à  àProposals€for€the€establishment,€within€the€IPCS,€of€a€Coordinating€Group€for€the€Harmonization€ofÐ #Â" ÐChemical€Classification€Systems€(CG/HCCS),€were€recommended€at€the€ILO€Consultation€of€Experts€(Geneva,Ï14„15€November€1991)€and€elaborat‚ed€between€the€ILO,€the€WHO,€UNEP,€the€Secretariat€of€the€UN€CommitteeÏof€Experts€on€Transport€of€Dangerous€Goods€(UN€CETDG)€and€the€OECD€in€the€course€of€two€meetings€inÏGeneva€(29€November€1991)€and€London€(19€December€1991).€The€establishment€of€the€Coordinating€GroupÏwas€endorsed€by€the€IPCS€Intersecretariat€Coordinating€Committee€at€its€29€January€1992€meeting€in€Geneva.ÏAt€its€second€meeting€(Geneva,€23€March€1992),€the€secretariat€(ILO)€of€the€Coordinating€Group€was€asked€toÏdraft€a€Workplan€for€achieving€harmonization€within€a€reasonable€period€of€time€and€to€include€in€this€workplanÏa€set€of€general€principles,€the€elements€of€the€classification€and€hazard€communication€process€for€the€purposeÏof€prioritization€and,€where€possible,€an€assignment€of€priorities€and€tasks.€ÌÌ5.à  àIn€its€adopted€Agenda€21,€more€particularly€in€Chapter€19€regarding€the€environ‚men‚tally€soundÐ ;,é&- Ðmanagement€of€toxic€chemicals,€the€United€Nations€Conference€on€Environment€and€Development€(UNCED)Ï(3„ñÊñ¼ñÊñ13€June€1992,€Rio€de€Janeiro,€Brazil),€has€identified€harmonization€of€classifi‚cation€and€labelling€of€chemicalsÏby€the€year€2000€as€being€one€of€the€six€action€programmes€(see€Annex€1),€and€has€recommended€that€"...theÏInternational€Programme€on€Chemical€Safety€(IPCS)€should€be€the€nucleus€for€international€cooperation€onÏenvironmentally€sound€management€of€toxic€chemicals.Ì6.à  àIn€April€1994,€the€International€Conference€on€Chemical€Safety€(ICCS),€held€in€Stockholm,€Sweden,Ð 91ç+3 Ðestablished€an€Intergovernmental€Forum€on€Chemical€Safety€€(IFCS)€which€adopted€a€resolution€definingÐ 2¼,4 ÐÑ1 ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÑ  Ñpriorities€for€action€to€achieve€environmentally€sound€management€of€chemicals€worldwide.€The€prioritiesÏñÊñÑ1ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÑ  ÑñÊñrelevant€to€harmonization€of€chemical€classification€and€labelling€included€recommended€completion€deadlinesÏof€1997€for€classification€criteria€and€2000€for€completion€of€hazard€communication€elements.€Another€keyÏpriority€was€the€consideration€of€an€international€framework€to€translate€the€technical€work€of€harmonization€intoÏan€instrument€or€recommendations€applicable€legally€at€the€national€level.ÌÌ7.à  àIn€November€1994,€six€intergovernmental€organizations,€namely€the€WHO,€ILO,€UNEP,€FAO,€UNIDOÐ P þ Ðand€the€OECD€have€agreed€to€a€Memorandum€of€Understanding€establishing€an€Inter„Organization€ProgrammeÏfor€the€Sound€Management€of€Chemicals€(IOMC).€The€Memorandum€came€into€force€in€March€1995€after€itsÏsignature€by€the€six€participating€organization.€This€umbrella€programme€will€coordinate€the€chemical€safetyÏactivities€of€the€six€partners€through€an€Inter„Organization€€Coordinating€Committee€(IOCC).€The€existing€IPCSÏwill€remain€as€a€joint€technical€programme€of€WHO,€ILO€and€UNEP€within€the€framework€of€the€IOMC.€At€itsÏfirst€official€meeting€of€the€IOCC€in€Rome€(June€1995)€it€was€decided€that€the€CG/HCCS€would€report€to€theÏIOCC€rather€than€to€the€IPCS.€Both€the€Secretariats€of€the€Forum€and€the€IOCC€are€located€in€WHO,€Geneva.ÌÌ8.à  àThe€central€role€of€the€CG/HCCS€in€coordinating€and€overseeing€the€work€of€harmonizing€existingÐ Í{  Ðsystems€of€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicals€was€acknowledged€by€the€UNCED,€further€reaffirmed€by€theÏICCS€in€1994.€The€Intersessional€Group€of€the€Forum,€at€its€March€1995€1st€meeting€in€Bruges,€Belgium,Ïrequested€the€Group€to€elaborate€a€plan€of€action€to€translate€the€technical€work€of€harmonization€into€anÏinstrument€or€recommendation€applicable€at€the€national€level.Ð  !Ï Ðò òà@ÕÕ6aàANNEX€2ˆÐ R ÐÌà@^^aàUNITED€NATIONS€CONFERENCE€ON€ENVIRONMENT€AND€DEVELOPMENTˆÌÌà@? ? 'aàEXCERPTS€FROM€CHAPTER€19€OF€AGENDA€21ˆÌà@Û Û $aàRELATED€TO€HARMONIZATION€OF€CLASSIFICATION€ˆÌà@z z ,aàAND€LABELLING€OF€CHEMICALSˆÌó óÌà@EE3aà************ˆÌÌò òò òExcerpt€1ó óó ó:Ð ¤ R  ÐÌà@ññ aàENVIRONMENTALLY€SOUND€MANAGEMENT€OF€TOXIC€CHEMICALSˆÌà@mmaàINCLUDING€PREVENTION€OF€ILLEGAL€INTERNATIONAL€TRAFFICˆÌà@´ ´ *aàIN€TOXIC€AND€DANGEROUS€PRODUCTSˆÌÌà@KK4aàCHAPTER€19ˆÌÌà@°°3aàINTRODUCTIONˆÌÌ19.1.à  àA€substantial€use€of€chemicals€is€essential€to€meet€the€social€and€economic€goals€of€the€world€communityÐ ù§ Ðand€today's€best€practice€demonstrates€that€they€can€be€used€widely€in€a€cost„effective€manner€and€with€a€highÏdegree€of€safety.€However,€a€great€deal€remains€to€be€done€to€ensure€the€environmentally€sound€management€ofÏtoxic€chemicals,€within€the€principles€of€sustainable€development€and€improved€quality€of€life€for€humankind.ÏTwo€of€the€major€problems,€particularly€in€developing€countries,€are€(a)€lack€of€sufficient€scientific€informationÏfor€the€assessment€of€risks€entailed€by€the€use€of€a€great€number€of€chemicals,€and€€(b)€lack€of€resources€forÏassessment€of€chemicals€for€which€data€are€at€hand.ÌÌ19.2.à  àGross€chemical€contamination,€with€grave€damage€to€human€health,€genetic€structures€and€reproductiveÐ ¡O Ðoutcomes,€and€the€environment,€has€in€recent€times€been€continuing€within€some€of€the€world's€most€importantÏindustrial€areas.€Restoration€will€require€major€investments€and€development€of€new€techniques.€The€long„rangeÏeffects€of€pollution,€extending€even€to€the€fundamental€chemical€and€physical€processes€of€the€Earth's€atmosphereÏand€climate,€are€becoming€understood€only€recently€and€the€importance€of€those€effects€is€becoming€recognizedÏonly€recently€as€well.ÌÌ19.3.à  àA€considerable€number€of€international€bodies€are€involved€in€work€on€chemical€safety.€In€manyÐ t""# Ðcountries€work€programmes€for€the€promotion€of€chemical€safety€are€in€place.€Such€work€has€internationalÏimplications,€as€chemical€risks€do€not€respect€national€boundaries.€However,€a€significant€strengthening€of€bothÏnational€and€international€efforts€is€needed€to€achieve€an€environmentally€sound€management€of€chemicals.ÌÌ19.4.à  àSix€programmes€are€proposed:Ð &K!( ÐÌà  à(a)à a àExpanding€and€accelerating€international€assessment€of€chemical€risks;Ð G(õ"* Ðà  à(b)à a àHarmonization€of€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicals;Ð )Ê#+ Ðà  à(c)à a àInformation€exchange€on€toxic€chemicals€and€chemical€risks;Ð ñ)Ÿ$, Ðà  à(d)à a àEstablishment€of€risk€reduction€programmes;Ð Æ*t%- Ðà  à(e)à a àStrengthening€of€national€capabilities€and€capacities€for€management€of€chemicals;Ð ›+I&. Ðà  à(f)à a àPrevention€of€illegal€international€traffic€in€toxic€and€dangerous€products;Ð p,'/ ÐÌà  àIn€addition,€the€short€final€subsection€G€deals€with€the€enhancement€of€cooperation€related€to€severalÏprogramme€areas.ÌÌ19.5.à  àThe€six€programmes€areas€are€together€dependent€for€their€successful€implementation€on€intensiveÐ ™0G+4 Ðinternational€work€and€improved€coordination€of€current€international€activities,€as€well€as€on€the€identificationÏand€application€of€technical,€scientific,€educational€and€financial€means,€in€particular€for€developing€countries.Ð C2ñ,6 ÐTo€varying€degrees,€the€programmes€areas€involve€hazard€assessment€(based€on€the€intrinsic€properties€ofÏchemicals),€risk€assessment€(including€assessment€of€exposure),€risk€acceptability€and€risk€management.ÌÌ19.6.à  àCollaboration€on€chemical€safety€between€the€United€Nations€Environment€Programme€(UNEP),€theÐ Ñ ÐInternational€Labour€Organisation€(ILO)€and€the€World€Health€Organization€(WHO)€in€the€InternationalÏProgramme€on€Chemical€Safety€(IPCS)€should€be€the€nucleus€for€international€cooperation€on€environmentallyÏsound€management€of€toxic€chemicals.€All€efforts€should€be€made€to€strengthen€this€programme.€CooperationÏwith€other€programmes,€such€as€those€of€the€Organisation€for€Economic€Cooperation€and€Development€(OECD)Ïand€the€European€Communities€(EC)€and€other€regional€and€governmental€chemical€programmes,€should€beÏpromoted.ÌÌ19.7.à  àIncreased€coordination€of€United€Nations€bodies€and€other€international€organizations€involved€inÐ y'  Ðchemicals€assessment€and€management€should€be€further€promoted.€Within€the€framework€of€IPCS,€anÏintergovernmental€meeting,€convened€by€the€Executive€Director€of€UNEP,€was€held€in€London€in€December€1991Ïto€further€explore€this€matter€(see€paras.€19.75€and€19.76).ÌÌ19.8.à  àThe€broadest€possible€awareness€of€chemical€risks€is€a€prerequisite€for€achieving€chemical€safety.€TheÐ ¢P  Ðprinciple€of€the€right€of€the€community€and€of€workers€to€know€those€risks€should€be€recognized.€However,€theÏright€to€know€the€identity€of€hazardous€ingredients€should€be€balanced€with€industry's€right€to€protect€confidentialÏbusiness€information.€(Industry,€as€referred€to€in€this€chapter,€shall€be€taken€to€include€large€industrial€enterprisesÏand€transnational€corporations€as€well€as€domestic€industries.)€The€industry€initiative€on€responsible€care€andÏproduct€stewardship€should€be€developed€and€promoted.€Industry€should€apply€adequate€standards€of€operationÏin€all€countries€in€order€not€to€damage€human€health€and€the€environment.ÌÌ19.9.à  àThere€is€international€concern€that€part€of€the€international€movement€of€toxic€and€dangerous€productsÐ Jø Ðis€being€carried€out€in€contravention€of€existing€national€legislation€and€international€instruments,€to€the€detrimentÏof€the€environment€and€public€health€of€all€countries,€particularly€developing€countries.ÌÌ19.10.à  àIn€resolution€44/226€of€22€December€1989,€the€General€Assembly€requested€each€regional€commission,Ð žL Ðwithin€existing€resources,€to€contribute€to€the€prevention€of€the€illegal€traffic€in€toxic€and€dangerous€products€andÏwastes€by€monitoring€and€making€regional€assessments€of€that€illegal€traffic€and€its€environmental€and€healthÏimplications.€The€Assembly€also€requested€the€regional€commissions€to€interact€among€themselves€and€toÏcooperate€with€the€United€Nations€Environment€Programme,€with€a€view€to€maintaining€efficient€and€coordinatedÏmonitoring€and€assessment€of€the€illegal€traffic€in€toxic€and€dangerous€products€and€wastes.ÌÌà@ÐÐ2aàPROGRAMME€AREASˆÌÌò òò òExcerpt€2ó óó ó:Ð $É% ÐÌà@¢ ¢ aàB.€òòHarmonization€of€classification€and€labelling€of€chemicalsóóˆÐ È%v ' ÐÌÌòòBasis€for€actionóóÐ G(õ"* ÐÌ19.24.à  àAdequate€labelling€of€chemicals€and€the€dissemination€of€safety€data€sheets€such€as€ICSCs€(InternationalÐ ñ)Ÿ$, ÐChemical€Safety€Cards)€and€similarly€written€materials,€based€on€assessed€hazards€to€health€and€environment,Ïare€the€simplest€and€most€efficient€way€of€indicating€how€to€handle€and€use€chemicals€safely.ÌÌ19.25.à  àFor€the€safe€transport€of€dangerous€goods,€including€chemicals,€a€comprehensive€scheme€elaboratedÐ E-ó'0 Ðwithin€the€United€Nations€system€is€in€current€use.€This€scheme€mainly€takes€into€account€the€acute€hazards€ofÏchemicals.ÌÌÌ19.26.à  àGlobally€harmonized€hazard€classification€and€labelling€systems€are€not€yet€available€to€promote€the€safeÐ n1,5 Ðuse€of€chemicals,€òòinter€aliaóó,€at€the€workplace€or€in€the€home.€Classification€of€chemicals€can€be€made€for€differentÐ C2ñ,6 Ðpurposes€and€is€a€particularly€important€tool€in€establishing€labelling€systems.€There€is€a€need€to€developÏharmonized€hazard€classification€and€labelling€systems,€building€on€ongoing€work.ÌÌòòObjectivesóóÐ Ñ ÐÌ19.27.à  àA€globally€harmonized€hazard€classification€and€compatible€labelling€system,€including€material€safetyÐ { ) Ðdata€sheets€and€easily€understandable€symbols,€should€be€available,€if€feasible,€by€the€year€2000.ÌÌòòActivitiesóóÐ ú ¨ ÐÌ(a)à  àòòManagement„related€activitiesóóÐ ¤ R  ÐÌ19.28.à  àGovernments,€through€the€cooperation€of€relevant€international€organizations€and€industry,€whereÐ Nü  Ðappropriate,€should€launch€a€project€with€a€view€to€establishing€and€elaborating€a€harmonized€classification€andÏcompatible€labelling€system€for€chemicals€for€use€in€all€United€Nations€official€languages€including€adequateÏpictograms.€Such€a€labelling€system€should€not€lead€to€the€imposition€of€unjustified€trade€barriers.€The€newÏsystem€should€draw€on€current€systems€to€the€greatest€extent€possible;€it€should€be€developed€in€steps€and€should€Ïaddress€the€subject€of€compatibility€with€labels€of€various€applications.ÌÌ(b)à  àòòData€and€informationóóÐ !Ï ÐÌ19.29.à  àInternational€bodies€including,€òòinter€aliaóó,€IPCS€(UNEP,ILO,WHO),€FAO,€the€International€MaritimeÐ Ëy ÐOrganization€(IMO),€the€United€Nations€Committee€of€Experts€on€the€Transport€of€Dangerous€Goods€and€OECD,Ïin€cooperation€with€regional€and€national€authorities€having€existing€classification€and€labelling€and€otherÏinformation„dissemination€systems,€should€establish€a€coordinating€group€to:ÌÌà  à(a)€Evaluate€and,€if€appropriate,€undertake€studies€of€existing€hazard€classification€and€informationÏsystems€to€establish€general€principles€for€a€globally€harmonized€system;ÌÌà  à(b)€Develop€and€implement€a€work€plan€for€the€establishment€of€a€globally€harmonized€hazardÏclassification€system.€The€plan€should€include€a€description€of€the€tasks€to€be€completed,€deadline€for€completionÏand€assignment€of€tasks€to€the€participants€in€the€coordinating€group;ÌÌà  à(c)€Elaborate€a€harmonized€hazard€classification€system;ÌÌà  à(d)€Draft€proposals€for€standardization€of€hazard€communication€terminology€and€symbols€in€order€toÏenhance€risk€management€of€chemicals€and€facilitate€both€international€trade€and€translation€of€information€intoÏthe€end„user's€language;ÌÌà  à(e)€Elaborate€a€harmonized€labelling€system.ÌÌòòMeans€of€implementationóóÐ o'") ÐÌ(a)à  àòòFinancial€and€cost€evaluationóóÐ )Ç#+ ÐÌ19.30.à  àThe€Conference€secretariat€has€included€the€technical€assistance€costs€related€to€this€programme€inÐ Ã*q%- Ðestimates€provided€in€programme€area€E.€They€estimate€the€average€total€annual€cost€(1993„2000)€forÏstrengthening€international€organizations€to€be€about€$€3€million€from€the€international€community€on€grant€orÏconcessional€terms.€These€are€indicative€and€order€of€magnitude€estimates€only€and€have€not€been€reviewed€byÏGovernments.€Actual€costs€and€financial€terms,€including€any€that€are€non„concessional,€will€depend€upon,€òòinterÐ .Å(1 Ðaliaóó,€the€specific€strategies€and€programmes€Governments€decide€upon€for€implementation.Ð ì.š)2 ÐÌ(b)à  àòòHuman€resource€developmentóóÐ –0D+4 ÐÌ19.31.à  àGovernments€and€institutions€and€non„governmental€organizations,€with€the€collaboration€of€appropriateÐ @2î,6 Ðorganizations€and€programmes€of€the€United€Nations,€should€launch€training€courses€and€information€campaignsÏto€facilitate€the€understanding€and€use€of€a€new€harmonized€classification€and€compatible€labelling€system€forÏchemicals.ÌÌ(c)à  àòòCapacity„buildingóóÐ ¦T ÐÌ19.32.à  àIn€strengthening€national€capacities€for€management€of€chemicals,€including€development€andÐ P þ Ðimplementation€of,€and€adaption€to,€new€classification€and€labelling€systems,€the€creation€of€trade€barriers€shouldÏbe€avoided€and€the€limited€capacities€and€resources€of€a€large€number€of€countries,€particularly€developingÏcountries,€for€implementing€such€systems,€should€be€taken€in€to€full€account.ò òò òÐ Ï }  ÐÌExcerpt€3ó óó ó:Ð y'  ÐÌà@ÇÇaàG.€òòEnhancement€of€international€cooperation€relating€to€several€of€the€programme€areasóó€ˆÐ &Ô  ÐÌ19.75.à  àA€meeting€of€government„designated€experts,€held€in€London€in€December€1991,€made€recommendationsÐ Ð~  Ðfor€increased€coordination€among€United€Nations€bodies€and€other€international€organizations€involved€inÏchemical€risk€assessment€and€management.€The€meeting€called€for€the€taking€of€appropriate€measures€to€enhanceÏthe€role€of€IPCS€and€establish€an€intergovernmental€forum€on€chemical€risk€assessment€and€management.ÌÌ19.76.à  àTo€further€consider€the€recommendations€of€the€London€meeting€and€initiate€action€on€them,€asÐ ù§ Ðappropriate,€the€Executive€Heads€of€the€WHO,€ILO,€and€UNEP€are€invited€to€convene€an€intergovernmentalÏmeeting€within€one€year,€which€could€constitute€the€first€meeting€of€the€intergovernmental€forum.€€€€€Ð  £Q Ðѱ°Ñѱ°Ñà@6aàò òAnnex€3ó óˆÐ R ÐÌà@… … +aàò ò€CURRENT€LIST€OF€€THE€BODIES€ˆÐ üª Ðà@l l +aàPARTICIPATING€IN€THE€CG/HCCSó óˆÐ Ñ Ðà@‚‚0aàò òas€of€October€1995ó óˆÐ ¦T ÐÌò òMEMBER€STATE€€INSTITUTIONS:ó óÐ P þ ÐÌà  àAUSTRALIAà ¹ àà  àWorksafe€AustraliaÐ ú ¨ Ðà  àCANADAà ¹ àà  àHuman€Resources€Development€Canada€„€Labour€ProgramÐ Ï }  Ðà  àJAPANà ¹ àà  àà i àMinistries€of€Health,€Environment,€Labour€and€IndustryÐ ¤ R  Ðà  àUSAà a àà ¹ àà  àOccupational€Safety€and€Health€AdministrationÐ y'  Ðà  àUKà a àà ¹ àà  àHealth€and€Safety€ExecutiveÐ Nü  Ðà  àSWEDENà ¹ àà0  àNational€Chemicals€Inspectorate€(KEMI)€Ð#Ñ  # # ÐÌò òNoteó ó:à0  àThe€participation€of€the€competent€institutions€from€Brazil,€China,€India,€theRussian€Federation€andÐ Í{  ÐSouth€Africa€is€being€sought.Ð  # # Ðà  àÌò òINTERNATIONAL€ORGANIZATIONS/PROGRAMMESó óÐ Oý ÐÌà  àWorld€Health€Organization€(WHO)Ìà  àInternational€Labour€Office€(ILO)Ìà  àFood€and€Agriculture€Organization€of€the€UN€€(FAO)€Ìà  àUnited€Nations€Environment€Programme€(UNEP)Ìà  àInternational€Maritime€Organization€(IMO)Ìà0  àInternational€Civil€Aviation€Organization€(ICAO)€Ð  # # Ðà0  àUN€ECE€Committee€of€Experts€on€Transport€of€Dangerous€Goods€(UN€CETDG)Ð  # # Ðà  àOrganization€for€Economic€Co„operation€and€Development€(OECD)€ÌÌò òREGIONAL€BODIESó óÐ v$ ÐÌà  àCommission€of€the€European€Union€(CEU)ÌÌò òNON€GOVERNMENTAL€ORGANIZATIONSó óÐ Ê x! ÐÌà0  àInternational€Council€of€Chemical€Associations€(Japan,€Canada,€Usa,€Australia,€Europe)Ð  # # Ðà  àInternational€Council€on€Metals€and€the€Environment€(ICME)Ìà  àInternational€Organization€of€Employers€(IOE)Ìà  àHazardous€Materials€Advisory€Council€(HMAC,€USA)Ìà  àInternational€Federation€of€Chemical,€Energy€and€General€Workers'€Union€(ICEF)Ìà  àInternational€Confederation€of€Free€Trade€Unions€(ICFTU)Ìà  àWorld€Wide€Fund€for€Nature€(WWF)€€Ìà  àInternational€Organization€of€Consumers€Unions€(IOCU)€Ìà0  àInternational€Social€Security€Association,€(ISSA)€Ð  # # ÐÌò òFOCAL€POINTSó óÐ Æ*t%- ÐÌà  àOECDà a àà ¹ àà  àà i àHealth€hazards€and€danger€to€the€environmentÐ p,'/ Ðà  àUN€CETDG/ILOà  àà i àPhysical€hazards€(reactive€and€flammable€materials)Ð E-ó'0 Ðà  àILOà a àà ¹ àà  àà i àHazard€€communicationÐ .È(1 ÐÌò òSECRETARIATó óÐ Ä/r*3 ÐÌà  àInternational€Labour€Office,€Occupational€Safety€and€Health€Branch