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M ?M ?M L L ??L ?L? ?L??  L?  K?   K ?   J ?  ? J ?    J  ?   J  ?   J ?    I    ?I   H    H    H    ? H ?    H ?   ?  G ? ?     ?G  ?     F  ?     F  ?     F  ?     F  ?   ?  F ?   ? F ? ?  ?? E? ? ?  ? ?D ?   ? D    ?? D ?  ? D ?    D ?    C     ?B     B? ?    B    ? B     B ?    B ?    A ?    ?@ ? ?  ? @ ? ?   @? ?    @ ?    @ ?   ? ?  ~ ?> ??   ? > ??   ? > ?~    > ?~    > ?   ? <? ?    ?<  ?    <  ? ?   <  ? ?   <  ?    ;  ?   ?:  ?    :  ?   | :  ?   x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|$? %  <%? %% && '& '' (( )) *?*+hgg?g?gf?ffffffff?ffee?edddddddc??cb b b b b ?a! `! `! `!!`?!!_"!^"!^"!^""]?""]#"\#"\#" D ##D##D$#D$#D$$0$$H%$%$ ? %%   %%   &%&&?&& '&?''  ?'' ?? (' ߀ ((  ?(( )(  ))??)) 6** 6 ?**   ++   ,, --??-.?.E0DED?ECD&?&%?&% &%&%&%&% ?&& ?&& '&? '&'& ?'&''?''?''('('('  (( ? (( ?? (()()(?)((? ()(( ()((? ())' ())& '*)& &*)& &*)& ?&**& &**% %**$ %+*$ $+*$? ?$+*$ $+*$$++##?++"#,+"",+"?",+"??",,!!,, !-,  -, ? -, ? --?--?.-.-.-?.. ??../././/?? ?// // ?0/0000 ?00  10  10 ? 11? ? ?11  21  22  22  22  32  33  33 ? 43  44  ?44  54  55  55  66  ? ?66    77    77  ?  88  ?  88 ?   99::;;;<?>^ONCHEMICALHAZARDCOMMUNICATION #XRX! a# @  @`  @  @  @h  @  @ @@#^December1996  -)+ @@^^)^ 0+. @@%^ Contents   -X` XX- <X XX` X<    I.  INTRODUCTION  M          h   II.  OUTLINEOFTHISREPORT   c    III.  OVERVIEWOFRECEIVEDDOCUMENTSBYCOUNTRY  )  ?X XX X?     Australia     Canada     Japan     Korea     Mexico     Portugal     Sweden     UnitedKingdom     UnitedStates     Zimbabwe   IV.  SIMILARITIESANDDIVERGENCES      Appendix :Listofreceiveddocumentsbycountry m    J"  # 8RXXdXXd8  ?a  O d&k%XXRdI.  INTRODUCTION   ?X XX X?  1.  Thisreportisanoverviewandanalysisoftheresponsestocallsforinformationonchemical n hazardcommunicationsystemsaswellastheresponsestoamorespecificquestionnaire.ThecallsweresentinMayandJuly1995toabout270relevantnationalandinternationalinstitutionsandthequestionnairetoafewselectedorganizations.TherequestsweresentbytheWorkingGrouponHarmonizationofChemicalHazardCommunicationthroughtheInternationalOccupationalSafetyandHealthInformationCentre(CIS)oftheILO.̀  2.  Backgroundmaterialonthedifferentaspectsofchemicalhazardcommunicationwasasked A }  for.Itwasnotedthatofspecialinterestwouldbescientificstudies,inparticularcomprehensibilitystudies,andproceduresusedintheimplementationofchemicalhazardcommunicationsystemsatthenationallevelaswellasbyindustry.Theinformationcollectedwasintendedtoserveasbackgroundinformationforproposalsforaharmonizedchemicalhazardcommunicationsystem.  3.  Theworkwithharmonizationisbasedonanumberofinternationalresolutions,conventions ?{  andreports.InJune1992theUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment(_UNCED_)calledfor agloballyharmonizedhazardclassificationandcompatiblelabellingsystem,includingmaterialsafetydatasheetsandeasilyunderstandablesymbols,shouldbeavailable,iffeasible,bytheyear2000".PartBofChapter19of_UNCED_sAgenda21isdevotedtoharmonizationofclassificationandlabelling.ee  4.  TheWorkingGrouponHarmonizationofHazardCommunicationwasestablishedbythe =y CoordinatingGroupfortheHarmonizationofChemicalClassificationSystemsoftheInterOrganizationProgrammefortheSoundManagementofChemicals(_IOMC_).Sixintergovernmentalorganizations,namelytheWHO,ILO,_UNEP_,FAO,_UNIDO_ԀandOECD,participatein_IOMC_.  5.  TheWorkingGrouponHarmonizationofHazardCommunicationaddressesissuesregarding f hazardsymbols,coloursandwritteninformationusedonlabels,thepreparationofchemicalsafetydatasheetsandinstructions,thecomprehensibilityofprecautionarystatementsusedonbothlabelsandinchemicalsafetydatasheetsandtrainingrelatedtotheseareas.  6.  TheCoordinatingGroupfortheHarmonizationofChemicalClassificationSystemsbrings  togetherexpertsrepresentingexistingnational,regionalandinternationalsystemsofclassificationandlabellingofchemicals,aswellasrepresentativesofinterestedinternationalorganizationsofsuppliers,employers,workers,consumersandenvironmentalgroups.Theobjectivesbytheworkareafinalizedproposalforharmonizedclassificationcriteriaby1997andpossibleimplementationofagloballyharmonizedsystematthenationallevelbytheyear2000. II.  OUTLINEOFTHISREPORT  b"& B XzU XX XB  7.  InpartIIIofthisreporttheregulatorydocumentsreceivedfromeachcountryhavebeen  $H!( summarizedwithafocusonchemicalhazardcommunicationsystems.Specialattentionhasbeengiventothefollowingitems:ff    (_i_)  U labellingsymbols `'$,     (ii)  U labelgraphicandtextualcontents 5(q%-     (iii)  U riskandprecautionarystatements  )F&.     (iv)  U chemicalsafetydatasheets )'/     (v)  U informationdisseminationsystems *'0     (iv)  U provisionsforrelevanttraining +(1   8.  Theresearchreportsconcernmainlythecomprehensibilityofthedifferentchemicalhazard 3-o*3 communicationsystems.Majorfindingshavebeendescribed.  9.  InpartIVthesimilaritiesanddivergencesamongthedifferentchemicalhazard /,6 communicationsystemshavebeenillustratedinatable.gg 12m/9   10.  Onlydocumentsreceivedinresponsetothecallsforinformationareincludedinthisreport, y andthereforeimportantfactorsregardingchemicalhazardcommunicationsystemsmightbemissing.Someofthereceiveddocumentsdonotconcernworkplacesspecificallybuttheyprovideimportantinformationontheaspectofcomprehensibility. III.  OVERVIEWOFRECEIVEDDOCUMENTSBYCOUNTRY  )    %&kAustralia #&k% #h L  h  Regulations 2     11.  ThereareanumberoflabellingsystemsinuseinAustralia.Theseincludetwonational  c  systems,namelytheAustralianCodefortheTransportofDangerousGoodsbyRoadandRail(_ADG_Code)andtheStandardfortheUniformSchedulingofDrugsandPoisons(_SUSDP_).  12.  TheAustralianCodefortheTransportofDangerousGoodsbyRoadandRail(_ADG_ԀCode)(2) 0  isbasedonrecommendationspreparedbytheUnitedNationsCommitteeofExpertsontheTransportofDangerousGoods.ItalsoconformstotheprovisionsoftheInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCode(_MDG_ԀCode).  13.  Thelabellingofdrugsandpoisonsisinatransitionphaseinwhichrequirementsarechanging Y toanewsystem,theStandardfortheUniformSchedulingofDrugsandPoisons(_SUSDP_)(13).Itis . designedtoharmonizetherequirementsofAustraliaandNewZealand.Theviewistopromoteuniformschedulingofsubstancesanduniformlabellingandpackagingrequirements.ForthemostparttheStatesandTerritorieshaveadopted_SUSDP_.ItgivesrecommendationsfortheclassificationofdrugsandpoisonsintoSchedules.Itincludesmodelprovisionsaboutlabels.ItalsopresentstherevisedsignalwordsrecommendedbytheTransTasmanHarmonizationWorkingParty(12)establishedtoadvance W harmonizationofAustralianandNewZealandlabellingandpackagingrequirements.  14.  PoisonsareclassifiedintheSchedulesonthebasisoftoxicityandothercriteria.Thereare ] nineScheduleswithdifferentdegreesofcontrolrecommended.Beforedraftingalabelforanypreparationitisnecessarytodeterminethepoisonscheduleclassificationforthepreparation.Homegardenanddomesticpestcontrolproducts,agriculturalchemicalproductsandveterinarychemicalproductsarealsoclassifiedaccordingtothenineschedules. * !       U     15.  Aguidetolabellingdrugsandpoisonsinaccordancewiththe_SUSDP_(1)describesthe ![# requirementsofthedifferentpartsofthelabel:generalrequirements;signalwords;cautionarystatements;declarationofthecontents;directionsforuse;safetydirections;warningstatements;firstaid;manufactureordistributor.Nosymbolisrequired.ThelabelsmustbewrittenintheEnglishlanguageincharactersthat:aredurable;distinctlycontrastswiththebackground;are1.5mmormoreinheight(measuredoncapitalletters).Particularattendanceshouldalsobegiventothelegibilityoflabels.  16.  OtherlabellingsystemsinuseinAustraliaincludetheCodeofPracticefortheSafeTransport '.#* ofRadioactiveSubstances,theCodeofPracticeforLabellingAgriculturalChemicalProducts(3),theCode |($+ ofPracticeforLabellingVeterinaryChemicalProducts(9),TherapeuticGoodOrder48General Q)$, RequirementsforLabelsforDrugProducts(7),andStateandTerritorylegislationcoveringthelabelling &*%- ofexplosives.  17.  TheNationalModelRegulationsfortheControlofWorkplaceHazardousSubstances(5) ,,(0 requirethathazardoussubstancesusedatworkbeprovidedwithlabelsandmaterialsafetydatasheets(_MSDS_).Theyalsorequiretheemployeeswithpotentialexposuretohazardoussubstancesbeprovidedwithinformationandtraining.Thesuppliershallproducethe_MSDS_Ԁandlabelthecontainers.Theemployershallensurethatthe_MSDSs_Ԁarereadilyaccessibletoemployees,keeparegisterforallhazardoussubstancesusedintheworkplaceandprovideinductionandongoingtrainingtoemployees.ii x2-7   18.  TheNationalCodeofPracticefortheLabellingofWorkplaceSubstances(11)describes y labellingforhazardoussubstancesusedatwork.Ithasbeendesignedtobecomplementarytoexistinglabellingsystems.Theinformationrequiredonlabels(dependingonthesizeofcontainers)is:signalwordsand/ordangerousgoodsclassandsubsidiaryrisklabels;identificationinformation(productname,chemicalname,UnitedNationsnumber,ingredientsandformulationdetails);riskphrases;directionsforuse;safetyphrases;firstaidprocedures;emergencyprocedures;detailsofmanufacturerorimporter;expirydateandreferencetothematerialsafetydatasheet.Nosymbolisrequired.Theriskphrases,safetyphrasesandfirstaidphrasesareselectedfromtheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities.Alltheinformationonthelabelsshouldbe:intheEnglishlanguage;indurableprint;inletteringofasizeandstylewhichiseasilylegible.Thelabelsshouldbeprintedincolourswhichprovideadistinctcontrasttothebackgroundcolour.  19.  Ifasubstanceisnotdefinedashazardousthelabelshouldinclude,definedinreference(5),as u  aminimum:productname;suppliersname;thestatement Thissubstancehasbeenassessedagainstthecriteriaof_Worksafe_ԀAustraliaanddoesnotrequireaMaterialSafetyDataSheet.  20.  Thecompletionofmaterialsafetydatasheetisdescribedinaguidancenote(8).Thefollowing P  informationisrequired:companydetails;identification(use,physicaldescription/properties,otherproperties,ingredients);healthhazardinformation(healtheffects,firstaid,advicetodoctor);precautionsforuse(exposurestandards,engineeringcontrols,personalprotection,_flammability_);safehandlinginformation(storageandtransport,spillsanddisposal,fire/explosionhazard);otherinformation;contactpoint.Thelanguageusedtoexpresstheinformationshouldbesimple,clearandprecise.  ResearchReport #   21.  Theeffectivenessoflabelstatementsasdescribedinthe_SUSDP_Ԁhasbeenanalysedina F researchreport(10).Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingthesuccessofwarningsandsafetydirections.For  eachfactorthereportidentifiesthepropertiesrequiredtomakethelabeleffective.Thefollowingarethemajorfactors:noticeability(sevenproperties);legibility(ten);readingthewarning(eight);comprehensibility(four);beliefinthewarning(five);recallofwarnings(five);compliancewithwarningsandsafetyadvice(ten);compliancewithwarningsandsafetydirections(nine).  22.  Signalwordsnotunderstoodinclude:combustible,corrosive,flammable,hazardous,irritant,   lethalandtoxic.Potentialsignalwordsunderstoodbyschoolstudentsandothergroupsaregiven.Factorsincreasingtheeffectivenessofsignalwordsarediscussed.Firstaidinstructions,warnings,safetydirectionsandsignalheadingsareanalysedaswellasrevisedsetsofstatements.%&k j  jCanadaa B#% a #&k%ƨ?#  Regulations (% '   23.  TheWorkplaceHazardousMaterialInformationSystem(_WHMIS_)(24)isanationalinformation &Y") systemdesignedtoprotectworkersbyprovidingsafetyandhealthinformationabouthazardousworkplacechemicals.TherequirementswereenabledthroughamendmentstotheHazardousProductsAct(_HPA_)(20), |($+ theCanadaLabourCode,andtheestablishmentoftheHazardousMaterialsInformationReviewAct(_HMIRA_),whichprovidesamechanismforbalancingtheworkersrighttoknowwithindustrysrighttoprotectspecificconfidentialbusinessinformation.  24.  TheHazardousProductsAct(_HPA_)prohibitstheadvertising,saleandimportationof ,,(0 hazardousproducts(the_WHMIS_Ԁrequirementsofthe_HPA_Ԁexcludeitemssuchasmanufacturedarticles,tobaccoandconsumerproducts).Itrequiressuppliersofhazardousworkplacechemicals( controlledproducts)tolabelcontainersandprovidedetailedhazardinformationthroughmaterialsafetydatasheets.  25.  TheControlledProductsRegulations(CPR)(18)underthe_HPA_Ԁrequiresupplierstolabel 0U,5 containersandprovidematerialsafetydatasheetsforcontrolledproducts.Therequiredinformationforlabelsinclude:productidentifier;supplieridentifier;referencetothematerialsafetydatasheet;hazard x2-7 symbols;riskphrases;precautionarymeasures;firstaidmeasures;emergencytelephonenumber(forlaboratorysamples).Thelabelshallbeappliedwithinaborder(specifieddesign)thatisinacolourthatcontrastswiththebackground.Theinformationonthelabelshallbeeasilylegibleandcontrastwithotherinformationontheproduct.Thelabelshallbedisclosed_i_ԀnEnglishandFrench.  26.  The_WHMIS_Ԁrequiressupplierstoconveyhazardinformationtopurchasersbymeansof ) labellingoncontrolledproductsorcontainersofcontrolledproductsandprescribedinformationonmaterialsafetydatasheets(_MSDSs_).Employersarerequiredtodevelopappropriateworkplacelabellingandotherformsofwarningaboutcontrolledproductsproducedintheirworkplaceprocesses,make_MSDSs_Ԁavailabletotheiremployees,andprovideforworkereducationonthesafeuseofhazardousmaterials.  27.  Thematerialsafetydatasheetrequirementsincludeninegeneralcategoriesofinformation: u  hazardousingredients;preparationinformation;productinformation;physicaldata;fireorexplosionhazard;reactivitydata;toxicologicalproperties;preventivemeasures;firstaid.Thedesignisperformancebased,whichmeansthatanydesignisacceptedaslongasalltherequiredinformationisaddressed.TheILO16headingformatisalsoaccepted.TheinformationshouldbedisclosedinEnglishorFrenchasrequestedorboth.  28.  TheConsumerChemicalsandContainersRegulations(_CCCR_)(16)underthe_HPA_Ԁrequire H labellingandchildresistantpackagingofconsumerchemicalproducts.Thecriteriaforcoverageandthelabellingandpackagingrequirementsoftheseregulationsarebeingrevised(22,23). y   29.  TheresponsebyHealthCanada,HealthProtectionBranch,tothemorespecific # questionnaire(21)includesdetailedinformationaboutchemicalhazardcommunicationsystemsinCanada. q k  kResearchReports w   30.  Thefollowingitemshavebeenanalysedinaconsumersurveyonlabellingandpackaging(17) ! asdescribedintheConsumerChemicalsandContainersRegulations:awarenessofhazardsymbols;awarenessofdegreeofhazardframes;salienceofhazardsymbolsinpurchasinghazardousproducts;theimpactoflabellingonuseofhazardousproducts;comparisonofcurrentandalternativelabeldesign;useofprecautionaryandfirstaidstatements;awarenessandperceivedeffectivenessofchildresistantpackaging.Recommendationsonimprovingtheawarenessandeffectivenessaregivensuchas:theexplosiveandcorrosivesymbolsshouldbefocusontoimprovetheunderstandingofsymbols;awarenessbuildingshouldfocusonseniorcitizens,lesseducatedandthosewhosefirstlanguageisneitherEnglishnorFrench;theuseofframesandwordstodistinguishbetweendegreeofhazard;designoflabels.  31.  Astudy(15)includingquantitativeandqualitativecomponentshasbeenmadeonproposed $s ' changestotheConsumerChemicalsandContainersRegulations.Thefollowingitemsweretested:toxicityglyph;corrosiveglyph;framesaroundtheglyphs;frontlabelformat;bordersaroundthelabel;sizesofglyphsandfonts;wordsandstatements.Recommendationsonthetesteditemsaregiven.  32.  Acasestudyonflammablecontactadhesivesusedbyconsumers(19)givesrecommendations )$, fortheimprovementofthelabellingoftheseproducts.Thesolventbasedadhesivesareextremelyflammableduetotheirlowflashpointandrapidevaporationrate,andhavecausedanumberofhouseholdfires.ool@//'`lm  m%&k Japan #&k%TW# >-(1 n  nRegulations $/*3   33.  TheIndustrialSafetyandHealthLawrequiresthelabellingof91typesofchemical 0U,5 substances.Theiringredients,precautionsfortheiruseandothernecessaryinformationforproperhandlingshouldbeprovidedontheirlabels. x2-7  O  ##      34.  AtthesametimetheGuidelinesonLabellingDangersandToxicityofChemicalSubstances(26, y 27)(issuedtoconformtoILOConventionNo.170,SafetyintheuseofChemicalsatWork)applytoall N chemicalsubstancesusedatworkplaces,andrequireinformationnecessaryfortheirpropermanagementandhandling.  35.  Theseguidelinesrequirethosewhotransferorprovidedangerousortoxicchemicalsubstances ) toprovidesafetydatasheets.Thedatasheetscanhaveanyformincludingthefollowinginformation:name;contentsandconcentration;physicalandchemicalnature;typeofdangersortoxicity;natureanddegreeofdangersortoxicity;precautionsapplicabletostorageandhandling;emergencyproceduresforaccidents;nameofpersonwhopreparedthesafetydatasheet,otheritems.  36.  Theseguidelinesalsorequirelabelsondangerousandtoxicchemicalsubstancesincluding:  '  name;contentsandtheiramounts;typeofdangersortoxicity;effectsonhumanbody;precautionsonstorageandhandling;nameofpersonprovidingthelabel;otheritems.Otherchemicalsubstancesthandangerousandtoxicsubstancesshouldbelabelledwiththenamesofthechemicals.  37.  Theguidelinesalsorequireemployerstoeducateworkersinhandlingthesubstancesinorder P  topreventindustrialaccidents.  38.  Tworesponses(29,30)tothemorespecificquestionnaireonchemicalhazardcommunication H systemsincludesmoredetails.    %&k Korea #&k%`# N   Regulations 4   39.  AccordingtotheresponseoftheKoreaIndustrialSafetyCorporationtothemorespecific W questionnaire(31),thereareseveralregulationsregardinglabellingofchemicals:theToxicChemical , ControlLaw,theIndustrialSafetyandHealthLaw,agrochemicalManagementLaw,theFirePreventionLawandthePharmaceuticalChemicalsLaw.  40.  ThelabelrequirementsaccordingtotheIndustrialSafetyandHealthLaw,whichregulates103  hazardouschemicalsusedinindustry,include:nameoftheproduct;ingredientsandconcentration;effectsonhuman;storage,handlingandfirefightingmeasures;nameandaddressofthesupplier;symbol.Thesize,designandcoloursarespecified.  41.  TheToxicChemicalControlLaw,whichregulates673chemicalswithtoxiceffectson "0$ humansandtheenvironment,requires:addressandnameofmanufacturerorimporter;serialnumberanddateofmanufacturing;quantity;ingredientsandconcentration;usage;permitnumberandexpirationdate;antidoteorcounteractingmethod;handlingconsideration;symbol.Thesize,designandcoloursarespecified.  42.  Theothermentionedlawshaveotherlabellingrequirements.Size,designandcoloursare '.#* specified.Ifachemicaliscontrolledbytwoormorelaws,acompromiselabelformatisdefined.  43.  TheIndustrialSafetyandHealthLawgivesprovisionsregardingmaterialsafetydatasheets. &*%- ThelawhasbeenrevisedtoconformtoILORecommendationNo.177astothecontentsofmaterialsafetydatasheets.  %&k Mexico #&k%ƕg# z-)1   Regulations `/*3   44.  Thestandardsreceivedcoverthepackaging,labellingandstorageofpesticidesfordomestic  1,5 useandforuseinvariousoccupationalsettings.Theprovisionsonlabellingareuseroriented;labellingfortransportiscoveredinotherstandards.StandardNOM044SSA11993(32)definestherequirements 2;.7 forthelabellingofcartonsandotherpackagingthatcontainsoneormoreindividualcontainersofaproduct,whileNOM045SSA11993(33)coversthelabellingoftheindividualcontainersfornondomestic N use.Observanceofthestandardsismandatory.  45.  Thelabellingrequirementsforthepackaginginstandard044include:nameandtypeof T product;numberofcontainersinthepackage;nameandaddressofmanufacturer;serialnumber;dateofmanufacture;instructionsforstorageandtransport;anysymbolsrequiredbyregulations;countryoforigin.Thelabelformatissupposedtoconformtoreference33or34.  46.  Reference33laysdownverydetailedprovisionsregardingthesize,design,colourandtext  }  oflabelsonpesticidecontainers.PesticidesmustbeclassifiedaccordingtotheWHOsfourlevelscaleofacutetoxicityandcorrespondinginformationpresentedontheirlabels.ColoursaredefinedintermsofthePantonesystemusedbyprinters.Specificphrasesaregivenforcertaincircumstances.Whereadditionaltextmustbeused,thestandardrequiresthatthelanguagebeclear,simple,briefandfreeofanyinterpretationthatwouldgiveanexaggeratedideaofthequalitiesoftheproduct.Everydaywordsshouldbeusedandtechnicaljargonavoided.Spanishmustbeused,andthelanguageofthecountryofdestinationmayalsobeusedonproductsforexport.  %&k Portugal #&k%ƛo# s   Regulations Y   47.  _Portaria_ԀNo.1164/92(35)(amendment396/94(36))isthebasicregulationontheclassification,  packagingandlabellingofhazardousproducts,exceptforpesticidesandcertainothercategories.ItrequireslabelstouseEuropeanstandardsymbolsandRandSphrases(setforthinannexesto_Decreto_ԄLeiNo.280A/87).Complementarysafetyandhealthinformationmaybeadded.Minimumsizesarespecified,buttherearenorequirementsregardingcolours.Amendment396/94setsforth16itemsofinformationtobeincludedinthedatasheetsthataretoaccompanyhazardousproducts;theycorrespondtothe16headingsrecommendedbytheILOandtheEuropeanUnion.Theamendmentalsoincludesaguidetothecompositionofdatasheets,whichsaysthatthewordingshouldbeclearandsuccinct;inthecaseoffirstaidinformation,itshouldbeunderstandablebyvictimsandbystandersaswellasbyemergencyresponsepersonnel.  48.  Pesticidesarecoveredby_Decreto_ԄLei294/88(37)(amendments303/91(38)and385/93(39)).This * ! givesthespecificsymbolsandRandSphrasestobeusedinvariouscases.  49.  _Decreto_ԄLeiNo.441/91(40)(amendment390/93(41))implementsILOConventionNo.155and "0$ EuropeanUnionDirectiveNo.89/391/EEC.Articles9and16statetheneedforworkerinformationandtraining.  50.  _Decreto_ԄLeiNo.28/87(42)specifiesthedesignoflabelstobeaffixedtoasbestosandasbestos %!( containingproducts.Itgivesspecificphrasestobeused,andrequiresthatallproductscommercializedinPortugalbelabelledinPortuguese.  51.  _Decreto_ԄLeiNo.284/89(43)(amendment389/93(44))coversasbestosasacarcinogenicagent Q)$, under_Decreto_ԄLei479/85(notreceived).Thearticleoninformationofworkersspecifiescontentbutnotform._Decreto_ԄLei273/89(45),forvinylchloridemonomer,and_Decreto_ԄLeiNo.275/91(46),forsome *&. aromaticnitroandaminocompoundsandtheirsalts,aresimilar.  52.  _Decreto_ԄLeiNo.221/88(47)(amendment232/94(48))specifiesthewarningsymbolandphrases z-)1 tobeusedonproductscontaining_polychlorinated_Ԁbiphenylsand_terphenyls_.  53.  _Portaria_ԀNo.281/95(49)isforenvironmentalprotectionratherthanoccupationalsafetyand /+4 health,butisinterestingforthe_pictorgramme_Ԁthatitspecifiesforbatteriescontainingdangerousmaterialssuchascadmium:agarbagecan/dustbinwithasuperimposed X. x2-7   %&k Sweden #&k%}# y   Regulations _   54.  Theknowledgeandattitudestowarningsymbolsandriskandsafetyphraseshavebeenstudied   amongworkersindifferentindustrialsectors(50).Thepresentregulationsonclassificationandmarking e ofchemicalproductshavebeeneffectivesince1986.Thepurposeofthesystemistogivethepersonshandlingthechemicalproductsknowledgeofthehazardstohandletheproductsinasafeway.  55.  Theresultsshowthatmanyofthesymbolsarewellknown.Knowledgeamongmanagersand 2   workersisatthesamelevel.Workplaceshandlingmarkedproductsfrequentlyareperceivedashazardousbut,atthesametimetheworkersarelesssatisfiedwiththeinformationthemarkingprovides.Themarkingsystemiswellestablished,iswellunderstoodingeneralandmarkedproductsarerecognizedashazardous.However,themeaningsofsomeofthesymbolsusedarenotwellunderstoodnorthedifferentlevelsofhazards.Recommendationstoimprovetrainingandeducationandareasforfurtherresearcharegiven.  %&k UnitedKingdom #&k%# a   Regulations G   56.  Twoprincipalhazardcommunicationsystemsareused.Thesystemforprovidinginformation j ondangerousgoodsfortransport/carriagepurposesisbasedontheUnitedNationsRecommendations(RecommendationsoftheUnitedNationsCommitteeofExpertsontheTransportofDangerousGoods).ThesystemforprovidinginformationondangerouschemicalssuppliedtoindustryandconsumersisbasedontheEuropeanUniondirectivesontheClassification,PackagingandLabellingofDangerousChemicals(67/548/EECand88/379/EEC).ThesedirectivesareimplementedinTheChemicals(HazardInformationandPackagingforSupply)Regulations1994(CHIP2)(53,56). h   57.  Asystemofcombinedsupplyandcarriagelabellingisprovidedtoallowforasinglelabelon  apackagethatwouldotherwiserequirebothformsoflabelling.  58.  Certainclassesofchemicalsaresubjecttotheirownhazardcommunicationsystems,mainly   forsupplypurposes.Theseincludepesticides,cosmetics,medicines,explosivesandhazardouswastes.Chemicalsrepresentingspecialhazards,suchasionizingradiation,arealsosubjecttoadditionaloralternativehazardcommunicationrequirements.  59.  Thesafetydatasheets,regulatedinCHIP2,contain16obligatoryheadings:identificationof #A% thesubstance/preparationandcompany;composition/informationoningredients;hazardsidentification;firstaidmeasures;firefightingmeasures;accidentalreleasemeasures;handlingandstorage;exposurecontrols/personalprotection;physicalandchemicalproperties;stabilityandreactivity;toxicologicalinformation;ecologicalinformation;disposalconsiderations;transportinformation;regulatoryinformation;otherinformation;thepresentationoftheinformationshouldbeclear,briefandunderstandable.  60.  TheApprovedCodeonsafetydatasheets(57)givespracticalguidancetomanufacturersand b*%- suppliers.Itexplainsthecircumstancesinwhichsafetydatasheetsshouldbeprovided,towhomandtheinformationtheyshouldcontain.  61.  Thelabel,regulatedinCHIP2,shouldcontainthefollowinginformation:nameornamesof -=)1 thesubstancesorpreparation;name,addressandtelephonenumberofthepersonresponsibleforplacingthesubstanceorpreparationonthemarket;symbolsandindicationofdanger;phrasesindicatingparticularhazards(fixedRphrases);phrasesindicatingsafetyadvice(fixedSphrases);theEECnumberforsubstances(forsubstancesappearingintheApprovedSupplyList(52)thewords EEClabelshouldbe  1,5 included);thenominalquantityofpreparationsintendedforsaletothepublic. 2;.7 Ѐ  62.  Alabelshouldbe:clearandhaveimpact;clearlyandindeliblyprinted;designedsothatthe y informationonitcanbeeasilyreadandthesymbolsstandoutandareeasilynoticed.Theminimumsizeofthelabelisspecifieddependingonthesizeofthepackage.Thesizeofthesymbolshouldbeatleast10%oftheminimumsizeofthelabel.Thecoloursofthesymbolsarespecified(blackonorange/yellowbackground,nospecificshade).Thelabellayoutisnotspecified.  63.  TheApprovedGuideonclassificationandlabelling(51)setsoutthegeneralprinciplesof w  classificationandlabellingforsupplyasrequiredbyCHIP2.  64.  Trainingisnotconsideredasanintegralpartofthehazardcommunicationsystem.The  }  systemrequiresthoseoperatingtobecompetent,butitdoesnotpr4escribethetypeoftrainingthatmustbeundertaken.  65.  Furtherdetailsareprovidedintheresponsetothemorespecificquestionnaire(55). J    ResearchReport {    66.  Adraftinternalreport(54)presentsareviewoftheliteratureonwarninglabelsastheyapply % tochemicallabelling,discussionoftheimplicationsforeffectivelabellingofchemicalsandsomesuggestionsforresearch.  67.  Thefirstpartofthereportgivesabriefhistoryofresearchintowarninglabeleffectiveness. y ThefindingsofarticlespublishedbytheUSHumanFactorsSociety(authors:McCarthy,_Finnegan_,KrummScott,_DeJoy_,Host,Robinson)aswellasapaperby_Lehto_Ԁand_Papastavrou_Ԁaresummarized.Theconclusionsarethatmanyquestionsremainunanswered.Manyresearchershaveusedmemorytechnicsintheirinvestigationoftheunderstandingofwarninglabelsbutareunlikelytotellusmuchaboutgoodandbadlabeldesign.Thesecondpartgivesconsiderationsoflabeldesignbasedonresearchfindingssuchasfont,weightandsize.Theauthors_Viscusi_Ԁand_Magat_ssuggestionsforchemicalhazardwarninglabellingisdiscussed.Theproblemsassociatedwithselfreferencingisalsodiscussed.  USA  o   Regulations     68.  TheHazardCommunicationStandard(_HCS_),commonlyknownas theWorkersRightto  J" KnowLaw(60,61),requiresemployerstoestablishhazardcommunicationprogrammestotransmit !# informationonthehazardsofchemicalstotheiremployeesbymeansoflabelsoncontainers,materialsafetydatasheets(_MDSDs_)andtrainingprogrammes.Thefollowingisrequired:  Chemicalmanufacturers/importers    determinethehazardofeachproduct &")   Chemicalmanufacturers/importers/distributors  0  communicatethehazardinformationandassociatedprotectivemeasuresdownstreamto )q%- customersthroughlabelsand_MSDSs_ ""   Employers    identifyandlisthazardouschemicalsintheirworkplace .)2       obtain_MSDSs_Ԁandlabelsforeachhazardouschemical /D+4   0  developandimplementawrittenhazardcommunicationprogrammeincludinglabels, 0,5 _MSDSs_,andemployeetrainingonthelistofchemicals,_MSDSs_Ԁandlabelinformation ""  <2-7   0  communicatehazardinformationtotheiremployeesthroughlabels,_MSDSs_Ԁand formal y trainingprogrammes. ""   69.  Manufacturers,importersanddistributorsofhazardouschemicalsmustlabelcontainerswith  thefollowinginformation:identity;appropriatehazardwarnings;nameandaddressofthemanufacturerorotherresponsibleparty.Thehazardwarningcanbeanytypeofmessage,words,picturesorsymbolsthatprovideatleastgeneralinformationregardingthehazards.Labelsmustbelegible,inEnglish(plusotherlanguages,ifdesired),andprominentlydisplayed.  70.  _MSDSs_ԀmustbeinEnglishandincludethefollowinginformation:specificchemicalidentity  }  ofthehazardouschemicalsandtheircommonnames;physicalandchemicalcharacteristics;knownacuteandchronichealtheffectsandrelatedhealthinformation;exposurelimits;whetherthechemicalisconsideredtobeacarcinogenbyNTP,_IARC_ԀorOSHA;precautionarymeasures;emergencyandfirstaidprocedures;identificationoftheorganizationresponsibleforpreparingthesheet._MSDSs_Ԁhavenoprescribedformat.ANSIstandardno.Z400.1,MaterialSafetyDataSheetsPreparation,maybeused.Thenonmandatory_MSDS_Ԁform,OSHA174,mayalsobeusedasaguide.  71.  Theemployeetrainingplanmustconsistofthefollowingelements: %   0  howthehazardcommunicationprogrammeisimplementedinthatworkplace,howtoread H andinterpretinformationonlabelsand_MSDSs_Ԁandhowemployeescanobtainandusetheavailablehazardinformation; ""     thehazardsofthechemicalsintheworkarea; #     measuresemployeescantaketoprotectthemselvesfromthehazards; F   0  specificproceduresputintoeffectbytheemployertoprovideprotectionsuchasengineering w controls,workpracticesandtheuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment; ""   0  methodsandobservationsworkerscanusetodetectthepresenceofhazardouschemicalto o whichtheymaybeexposed. ""   72.  TheAmericanStandardforthePreparationofMaterialSafetyDataSheets,ANSIZ400.1(67), u! presents16headingswhichshouldappearintheprescribedorderonall_MSDSs_.Thestandardalsorecommendsthatcertaintypesofinformationbeplacedwithincertainsections.Thestandardrecognizesthat_MSDSs_Ԁmaybepreparedfornonhazardouschemicalsaswellashazardouschemicalsusedatworkplaces.Theheadingsare:chemicalproductandcompanyidentification;composition/informationoningredients;hazardidentification;firstaidmeasures;firefightingmeasures;accidentalreleasemeasures;handlingandstorage;exposurecontrols/personalprotection;physicalandchemicalproperties;stabilityandreactivity;toxicologicalinformation;ecologicalinformation;disposalconsiderations;transportinformation;regulatoryinformation;otherinformation.TheheadingsarethesameasinILORecommendationNo.177.  ResearchReports )$,   73.  IntheprocessofdevelopingANSIZ400.1standard,astudytomeasurethecomprehension *F&. ofhazardcommunicationphrasesamongchemicalworkersintheUSAhasbeencarriedout(63).A +'/ summaryofthedataforalltestedphrasesisprovidedaswellasthesubjectsselfreportsandtheweightedaverageunderstandability,stratifiedbydemographicfactors.  74.  Theresultsshowthataverageselfratedworkercomprehensionofhazardcommunication .o*3 phrasesishigh.75%ofthehazardcommunicationphraseswerecorrectlyinterpretedastothetypeofinformationpresentinthephrase.Asthelevelofeducationincreases,sodoesthelevelofcomprehension;however,experienceworkingwithchemicalsorfightingfiresdoesnotincreasephraserating.Fourphrasespecificfactorswerefoundtoaffectthecomprehensionratings:jargon,uncommonwords;severity <2-7 ofhazardandcontextualdependency.  75.  Anotherstudy(62)examinesthecomprehensibilityofasampleof_MSDSs_Ԁtoagroupofabout # 100unionizedworkersinmanufacturingfactories.Onaverage,theinformationonthe_MSDSs_Ԁwasfoundtobeaboutonethirdincomprehensible.Thisisaclearindicationthat_MSDSs_Ԁneedtobeimprovedifworkersmustrelyonthemforhealthandsafetyinformation.  76.  TheworkoftheChemicalManufacturersAssociationindevelopingtheANSIZ400.1standard L  for_MSDSs_Ԁisdescribedinreference(64). !    77.  InanefforttoimprovetheHazardCommunicationStandard(_HCS_),theOccupationalSafety  R  andHealthAdministrationhasinareport(66)givenrecommendationsrelatedto:materialsafetydata  '  sheets;labelling;employeetraining;theenforcementofthe_HCS_;harmonizationofhazardcommunicationrequirements;recommendationsrelatedtomisinformationaboutthe_HCS_.@OO%`  %&k Zimbabwe #&k%# {      ResearchReport a   78.  Asurveyhasbeendone(68)onthecomprehensibilityofthetriangularsymbolsdevelopedin   ZimbabweandtheEuropeansymbolsaswellasasetofwords/phrasesusedontheInternationalChemicalSafetyCards.About100personsinvariousworkplacesinagriculture,chemicalandhotelandcateringindustrywereinterviewed.  79.  ThefourcolouredwarningtriangleshavebeendevelopedinZimbabweforpesticides.The 4 colours(green,yellow,redandpurple)indicatedifferentlevelsofdanger.Globally,21%ontheworkersputallfourtrianglesintheproperorder,17%putthempartlycorrectwhile63%diditincorrectly.Theagriculturalworkershadbestknowledgeofthesesymbols.  80.  OftheEuropeansymbols,theskullandcrossbones toxicsymbolhadthehighestlevelof ] recognition(90%),followedby flammable(69%)andthe harmfulXhavingthelowestrecognition(15%).  81.  Regardingthesetofwords/phrases,itwasfoundthatthewordsusedintheheadingsofthe * ! InternationalChemicalSafetyCardsweremorewidelyunderstoodthanthewordsusedinthetextboxesofthecards.Itwasalsofoundthatthechemicalworkershadabetterunderstandingofthemeaningofthewords.Thebestunderstoodheadingwas firstaid.     IV.  SIMILARITIESANDDIVERGENCES  S$&   82.  Thefollowingtablehasbeencompiledtoillustratesimilaritiesanddivergencesamongthe %!( differentchemicalhazardcommunicationsystemsforworkplaces.f#_ '.#* TRV6&A4V6&A46&A46&A4T b#"VTable1:  Similaritiesanddivergencesamongthedifferentchemicalhazardcommunication N systemsforworkplaces  # *w ] ddd Xdd Xdd X""w,dd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,ydd +   T   1 YY%&kAustr 1 alia '} 'Canada '}  'Japan '}  'Korea '}  'Mexico '} 'Portugal '} 'Sweden '} 'UnitedKingdom '  'USA '1 'Zimbabwe#&k%YY#"} " *]d ddd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd ydd ] "",dd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",ydd"+  % u  %LABELS *  ` *yes ! ` !yes ! ` !yes ! ` !yes ! ` !yes ! `  !yes ! `! !yes ! `" !yes ! `# !yes ! `$ !? `% *]d ddd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"ydd"]"",dd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,wdd ,ydd +    e% Text  B & yes 'B '" 'yes 'B (" 'yes 'B )" 'yes 'B *" 'yes 'B +" 'yes 'B ," 'yes 'B -" 'yes 'B ." 'yes 'B /" '? B 0" Symbols  2 1 no '2 2" 'yes '2 3" 'no '2 4" 'yes '2 5" 'yes '2 6" 'yes '2 7" 'yes '2 8" 'yes '2 9" 'no '2 :" 'yes 2 ;" Colours   < no(no) 'p >" 'no(no) 'p @" 'no(no) 'p B" 'yes(yes) 'p D" 'yes(yes) 'p F" 'no(yes) 'p H" 'no(yes) 'p J" 'no(yes) 'p L" 'no(no) 'p N" '?(yes) p P" Format  R Q no 'R R" 'yes 'R S" 'no 'R T" 'yes 'R U" 'yes 'R V" 'yes 'R W" 'yes 'R X" 'yes 'R Y" 'no 'R Z" '?"R ["  "*]d ddd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd wdd ydd ]"",add +   W[  B\ *U]ddadd ]""U,dd ,wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",ydd"+   G\  SAFETY $] DATASHEETS  U_ yes  $` yes  $a yes  $b yes  $c ?  $d yes  $e yes  $f yes  $g yes  $h ?  $i Headings  7j yes  7k yes  7l yes  7m ?  7n ?  7o yes  7p yes  7q yes  7r yes  7s ?  7t Symbols@     'u no  'v no  'w no  'x ?  'y ?  'z no  '{ no  '| no  '} no  '~ ? '  *]d ddd wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"wdd"ydd"]"",add +   ,    *U]ddadd ]""U,dd ,wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",wdd",ydd"+     TRAINING  r yes  r yes  r yes  r ?  r ?  r ?  r yes  r no  r yes  r ? r  BXq XXzU XBYY%&kLabels :0 q Iflabelsarerequiredbyregulationsorrecommended.Text:Ifanyspecificwritten L informationisrequiredorrecommendedonthelabel.Symbol:Ifanyspecificsymbolsare  requiredorrecommendedonthelabel.Colours:Ifthelabelisrequiredorrecommended ` tohavespecificcolours;ifsymbolsarerequiredorrecommendedtohavespecificcoloursareindicatedwithintheparentheses).Format:Ifthelabelisrequiredorrecommendedto c! haveaspecificsize,shapeordesign. q "q "  SafetyDataSheets :0 q Ifdatasheetsarerequiredbyregulationsorrecommended.Headings:Ifstandardized #9 headingsarerequiredorrecommendedonthedatasheet.Symbols:Ifspecifiedsymbols z$  arerequiredorrecommendedonthedatasheet. q "q "  Training :0 q Iftrainingisrequiredorrecommended.&P"q "q "  ? :   q Noindicationinthedocumentreceived. V(# #&k%YY#  )j%  ?a#"V f #  TRV6&A4V6&A46&A46&A4T #  @%`Appendix y @ ` LISTOFRECEIVEDDOCUMENTSBYCOUNTRY    Australia  w  ?XFq XXq X?1.0 F Aguidetolabellingdrugsandpoisonsinaccordancewiththestandardfortheuniformscheduling !  ofdrugsandpoisons,1995,27p. F"F" 2.0 F Australiandangerousgoodscode,Australiancodeforthetransportofdangerousgoodsbyroadand  '  rail(_ADG_Ԁcode),fifthedition1992,AustralianTransportAdvisoryCouncil,theMinisterialCouncilonRoadTransport,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,562p.,ISBN0644256109. F"F" 3.0 F Codeofpracticeforlabellingagriculturalchemicalproducts,firstedition1989,Australian P  AgriculturalandVeterinaryChemicalsCouncil,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,60p.,ISBN0644108754. F"F" 4.0 F Codeofpracticeforlabellinghomegardenanddomesticpestcontrolproducts,AppendixtoCode  ofpracticeforlabellingagriculturalchemicalproducts(1989),firstedition1992,AustralianAgriculturalandVeterinaryChemicalsCouncil,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,27p.,ISBN0644251050. F"F" 5.0 F ControlofWorkplaceHazardousSubstances,NationalModelRegulations,NOHSC:1005,National F CodeofPractice,NOHSC:2007,_Worksafe_ԀAustralia,1991,68p.,ISBN064412864X. F"F" 6.0 F FoodStandardsCode,NationalFoodAuthority,_P.O._ԀBox7186,CanberraMCACT2610,1995, L 34p. F"F" 7.0 F Generalrequirementsforlabelsfordrugproducts,TherapeuticGoodsAct1989,TherapeuticGoods D OrderNo.48,CommonwealthDepartmentofHumanServicesandHealth,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,29p.,ISBN0644334576. F"F" 8.0 F Guidancenoteforcompletionofamaterialsafetydatasheet,_Worksafe_ԀAustralia,secondedition, !# 1990,78p.,ISBN0644091827. F"F" 9.0 F Interimcodeofpracticeforlabellingveterinarychemicalproducts,NationalRegistrationAuthority $& forAgriculturalandVeterinaryChemicals,thirdedition1994,72p. F"F" 10.0 F LeyP.,Effectivenessoflabelstatementsfordrugsandpoisons,UniversityofSydney,Australian &") HealthMinistersAdvisoryCouncil,1995,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,200p.,ISBN064453354. F"F" 11.0 F NationalCodeofPracticefortheLabellingofWorkplaceSubstances,NOHSC:2012,_Worksafe_ )q%- Australia,1994,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,69p.,ISBN0644321822,Illus. F"F" ______12.0 F ProposalsforTransTasmanharmonizationofpackagingandlabellingfordrugsandpoisons,the >-(1 NationalDrugsandPoisonsScheduleCommittee,1994. F"F" 13.0 F StandardfortheuniformschedulingofdrugsandpoisonsNo.9,1994,AustralianHealthMinisters /D+4 AdvisoryCouncil,AustralianGovernmentPublishingService,GPOBox84,CanberraACT2601,402p.,ISBN0644353414(AmendmentNo.1,2,3and4). F"F"  <2-7  Canada  y 15.0 F AssessmentofProposedRequirementsforPrecautionaryLabellingElements,ResearchReport, # OptimaConsultationsinAppliedSocialResearch,1994.Illus. F"F" 16.0 F ConsumerChemicalsandContainersRegulations,_SOR_/88556,1995.)F"F" 17.0 F ConsumerSurveyonLabellingandPackagingofHazardousChemicalProducts,Vol.1:Detailed L  Findings,GallupCanadaInc.,1989.Illus. F"F" 18.0 F ControlledProductsRegulations,_SOR_/8866,_P.C._Ԁ19972721,1987,53p.Illus.(Englishand  R  French). F"F" 19.0 F Franz_J.P._,Miller_J.M._,Mustthecontextbeconsideredwhenapplyinggenericsafetysymbols:A J  cadestudyinflammablecontactadhesives,JournalofSafetyResearch,Vol.22,1991,147161p. F"F" 20.0 F HazardousProductsAct,_R.S.c.H_Ԅ3,DepartmentalConsolidation,1993,35p.(EnglishandFrench).P F"F" 21.0 F Respondtomorespecificquestionnaireonhazardcommunication,HealthCanada,HealthProtection s Branch. F"F" 22.0 F ReviewoftheConsumerChemicalsandContainersRegulation,RationalefortheProposed y RevisionstotheConsumersChemicalsandContainersRegulation,104p.,1995. F"F" 23.0 F ReviewoftheConsumerChemicalsandContainersRegulations,RecommendationsoftheSteering q Committee,27p.,1995. F"F" 24.0 F TheWorkplaceHazardousMaterialsInformationSystem(_WHMIS_).wF"F"  F  Japan  ! 25.0 F GeneralGuidebookonIndustrialHealth(Englishversion),1994.LabourStandardsBureau, D MinistryofLabour,InternationalCooperationDepartment,JapanIndustrialSafetyandHealthAssociation,5351Shiba,Minato_ku_,Tokyo108. F"F" 26.0 F Guidelinesonlabellingdangersandtoxicityofchemicalsubstances,NotificationNo.60ofthe !# MinistryofLabour,1992,10p.(English). F"F" 27.0 F Administrativeorderconcerningtheguidelinesonlabellingdangersandtoxicityofchemical $& substances,No.394LabourStandardBureau,MinistryofLabour,1992,36p.(English). F"F" 28.0 F ComprehensivelabellingsystemfordangerousandharmfulchemicalsubstancesComposingand &") readingsafetydatasheets,MinistryofLabour,SafetyandHealthDepartment,ChemicalsEvaluationSection,JapanIndustrialSafetyandHealthAssociation,5351Shiba,Minato_ku_,Tokyo108,1993,155p.Illus.ISBN4805904771(Japanese). F"F" 29.0 F Respondtomorespecificquestionnaireonhazardcommunication,MinistryofInternationalTrade *F&. andIndustry. F"F" 30.0 F Respondtomorespecificquestionnaireonhazardouscommunication,NationalInstituteofIndustrial >-(1 Health. F"F"  Korea  /D+4 31.0 F Respondtomorespecificquestionnaireonhazardcommunication,KoreaIndustrialSafety g1,6 Corporation.<2-7F"F" Ї Mexico  y 32.0 F Norma_Oficial_ԀMexicanaNOM044SSAI1993,_Envase_Ԁy_embalaje_,_Requisitos_Ԁpara_contener_ # _plaguicidas_,_Diaro_ԀOfficial,1995,6366p.(Spanish). F"F" 33.0 F Norma_Oficial_ԀMexicanaNOM045SSAI1993,_Plaguicidas_,_Productos_Ԁpara_uso_Ԁ_agricola_,_urbano_ ) eindustrial,_Etiquetado_,_Diaro_ԀOfficial,1995,2330p.(Spanish). F"F" 34.0 F Norma_Oficial_ԀMexicanaNOM046SSAI1993,_Plaguicidas_,_Productos_Ԁpara_uso_Ԁ_domestico_, !  _Etiquetado_,_Diaro_ԀOfficial,1995,1620p.(Spanish). F"F"  Portugal   '  @``)`35. F _Portaria_ԀNo1164/92(Portuguese). h _Portaria_ԀNo396/942(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo294/88 J  (Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo303/91(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo385/93(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo441/91(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo390/93(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo28/87(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo284/89(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo289/93(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo273/89(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo275/91(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo221/88(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo232/94(Portuguese)._Decreto_ԄLeiNo281/95(Portuguese). Sweden   36.0 F _Kunskaper_Ԁ_och_Ԁ_attityder_Ԁtill_varningssymboler_Ԁ_och_Ԁ_skyddsfraser_,_Plast_Ԅ_och_Ԁ_Kemikalieleverantres_ N _Frening_,Box5512,11485Stockholm,1990,58p.,49appendixes(Swedish). F"F"  UnitedKingdom  F 37.0 F Approvedguidetotheclassificationandlabellingofsubstancesandpreparationsdangerousfor w supply(secondedition).Chemicals(HazardInformationandPackagingforSupply)Regulations1994.HealthandSafetyCommission.L63._HSE_ԀBooks,_P.O._ԀBox1999,Sudbury,SuffolkCO106FS.53p.ISBN0717608603. F"F" 38.0 F CHIP2ApprovedSupplyList1994.Informationapprovedfortheclassificationandlabellingof   substancesandpreparationsdangerousforsupply.HealthandSafetycommission.Database.(TextbookL63ismissing)._HSE_ԀBooks,_P.O._ԀBox1999,Sudbury,SuffolkCO106FS.ISBN0717608581. F"F" 5339.0 F CHIP2foreveryoneChemicals(HazardInformationandPackagingforSupply)Regulations1994. B#% HealthandSafetyExecutive.HS(G)126._HSE_ԀBooks,_P.O._ԀBox1999,Sudbury,SuffolkCO106FS.46p.ISBN0717608573. F"F" 5440.0 F _Garwood_ԀJ.,WarningLabellingofChemicalProducts:AReview,ErgonomicsandWork &") Psychology,HealthandSafetyLaboratory,BroadLane,SheffieldS37HQ. F"F" 5541.0 F Respondtomorespecificquestionnaireonhazardcommunication,HealthandSafetyExecutive.)$,F"F" 5642.0 F Thechemicals(HazardInformationandPackagingforSupply)Regulations1994.Statutory *F&. Instruments1994No.3247,HealthandSafety._HMSO_ԀPublicationsCentre,_P.O._ԀBoxy276,LondonSW85DT.43p.ISBN0110438779. F"F" 5743.0 F Safetydatasheetsforsubstancesandpreparationsdangerousforsupply(secondedition)Guidance .)2 onregulation6oftheChemicals(HazardInformationandPackagingforSupply)Regulations1994,ApprovedCodeofPractice.HealthandSafetyCommission.L62._HSE_ԀBooks,_P.O._ԀBox1999,Sudbury,SuffolkCO106FS.13p.ISBN071760859X. F"F"  <2-7  UnitedStates  y 44.0 F Asampleofachemicalspecificfactsheetcyanide,AgencyforToxicSubstancesandDisease # Registry. F"F" 45.0 F Abstractsfromacomputersearchfor chemicalhazardcommunication,AgencyforToxic ) SubstancesandDiseaseRegistry,1995.Sources:NationalTechnicalInformationService,_Toxline_,_Enviroline_. F"F" 46.0 F ChemicalHazardCommunication,USDepartmentofLabour,OccupationalSafetyandHealth  }  Administrative,OSHA3084,1994(revised),19p. F"F" 47.0 F HazardCommunication;Finalrule,PartIII,FederalRegister,Vol.59,No.27,9February1994.u F"F" 48.0 F _Kolp_ԀP.,_Sattler_ԀB.,etc.,Comprehensibilityofmaterialsafetydatasheets,AmericanJournalof   IndustrialMedicine,1993,23:135141. F"F" 49.0 F _Lehto_Ԁ_M.R._,_DeSalvo_Ԁ_T.E._,Evaluationofthecomprehensionofhazardcommunicationphrasesby % chemicalworkers,ChemicalManufacturersAssociation,ConsumerResearchInc.,_P.O._ԀBox2862,WestLafayette,IN47906,1992,44p.,AppendixAO. F"F" 50.0 F LongJ.,StandardformaterialsafetydatasheetsintheoffingOSHApondersretuningpresentrule y on_MSDSs_Ԁbutfouryeareffortbyindustryiswellonthewaytointernationallyacceptedstandard,C&n,1992,711p. F"F" 51.0 F 1993Prioritylistof275hazardoussubstances,AgencyforToxicSubstancesandDiseaseRegistry.FF"F" 52.0 F ReporttoOSHAonhazardcommunication,NationalAdvisoryCommitteeonOccupationalSafety w andHealth,1996,93p.Appendix. F"F" 53.0 F Standardforthepreparationofmaterialsafetydatasheets,ANSIZ400.1,ChemicalManufacturers o Association,61p.AnnexAD(Draft). F"F"  Zimbabwe  u! 54.0 F AfricanLabour/FactoryInspectionServiceProject(RAF/89/M07/FIN),ILO,ChemicalInformation !# Surveyon_IPCS_ԀChemicalSafetyCards,26p.,1991. F"F"  InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(_ISO_)  $& 6955.0 F _ISO_/TC47/CSN.3057,ChemistryMaterialsafetydatasheetsContentandorderofsections, %H!( Committeedraft_ISO_/CD11014,1992(EnglishandFrench). F"F" 7056.0 F _ISO_/110141,Safetydatasheetsforchemicalproducts,Part1:Contentandorderofsections,7p., @(#+ 1994(EnglishandFrench). F"F"  EuropeanCommunities  *F&. 7157.0 F OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunities,Legislation,L245,Vol.35,1992,_ISSN_Ԁ03786978.i,'0F"F" 7258.0 F CorporateriskmanagementIndustrialresponsibilityforriskcommunicationintheEuropean .)2 CommunityandtheUnitedStates,Report_EUR_Ԁ11555EN,CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities,116p.,1988. F"F" 7359.0 F Workingwithdangerousproducts,Europeanyearofsafety,hygieneandhealthprotectionatwork, g1,6 CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities,46p.,1992,ISBN928264510_ԄX. x __ __ @ __ @ __ @ __ @ __ @ __ @ __ @ _