International Hazard Datasheets on Occupation

Mechanic, automobile

What is a Hazard Datasheet on Occupation?

[Hazards] [Preventive Measures] [Specialized Information] [List of Datasheets]

This datasheet is one of the International Datasheets on Occupations. It is intended for those professionally concerned with health and safety at work: occupational physicians and nurses, safety engineers, hygienists, education and Information specialists, inspectors, employers ' representatives, workers' representatives, safety officers and other competent persons.

This datasheet lists, in a standard format, different hazards to which mechanic, automobiles may be exposed in the course of their normal work. This datasheet is a source of information rather than advice. With the knowledge of what causes injuries and diseases, is easier to design and implement suitable measures towards prevention.

This datasheet consists of four pages:

• Page 1: Information on the most relevant hazards related to the occupation.
• Page 2: A more detailed and systematized presentation on the different hazards related to the job with indicators for preventive measures (marked as and explained on the third page).
• Page 3: Suggestions for preventive measures for selected hazards.
• Page 4: Specialized information, relevant primarily to occupational safety and health professionals and including information such as a brief job description, a list of tasks, notes and references.

Who is an automobile mechanic?

A worker who repairs and overhauls cars and other automotive vehicles, or their systems and parts. He/she examines them, makes necessary repairs, replacements, adjustments, and presents the repaired vehicle to his/her superior or to the customer.

What is dangerous about this job?

• Automobile mechanics usually work in service garages where they may fall from ladders, stairs or elevated platforms, fall into inspection pits, trip or fall on wet, slippery or greasy floors.
• Automobile mechanics may be severely injured by faulty garage equipment such as jacks or lifts, by moving vehicles, by heavy parts falling on their feet or by bursting tires.
• Automobile mechanics often handle heavy vehicle parts and work in awkward postures which may lead to trauma such as disk rupture or hernia and disabling back pains.
• The automobile mechanics' work place contains many hazards which can lead to accidents resulting in burns, punctures cuts, and electrocution.

Hazards related to this job

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Specific preventive measures can be seen by clicking on the respective in the third column of the table.

Accident hazards	Falls from ladders, stairs, elevated platforms etc., and falls into inspection pits
	Falls on the level, esp. on wet, slippery or greasy garage floors
	Injuries due to collapse of jacking, lifting or hoisting equipment, and vehicles falling from lifting equipment them
	Crushed toes resulting from falls of heavy objects
	Eye injury from splinters and flying objects from grinding, and machining operations, while operating compressed-air equipment and during cleaning and similar operations
	Injuries as a result of being caught in or between moving and stationary objects
	Injuries caused by rotating parts of machine tools
	Acute musculoskeletal injuries (intervertebral disk rupture, hernia etc.) due to overexertion while lifting or otherwise handling heavy vehicle parts, etc., and due to awkward work postures (underneath vehicle, etc.)
	Burns due to contact with hot surfaces, exhaust pipes or hot-melt chemicals; sudden release of hot water and steam lines, radiator and cooling system pipes; soldering, brazing and welding operations, etc.
	Electrocution as a result of defects, short circuits or improper use of electromechanical equipment, or contact with live wires, e.g., electric shocks from portable power tools
	Carbon monoxide poisoning
	Fires and explosions of spilled or leaked flammable/explosive substances, or by ignition of hydrogen released from batteries, or during flame cutting and welding operations, etc.
	Increased rate of road accidents during test driving
	Punctures and cuts caused by sharp edges of hand tools, vehicle parts and sheet materials
	Bursting of compressed-air lines or containers
	Bursting of tires
	Accidents due to improperly installed and maintained steam/water pressure cleaners
Physical hazards	Exposure to direct and reflected ultraviolet and infrared radiation (esp. from welding operations)
	Exposure to microwave and radiofrequency radiation (esp. in heat-sealing of panels and upholstery, drying of trim base panels, etc.)
	Exposure to hand-arm vibration from power-driven hand tools, resulting in development of White Finger Syndrome, etc.
	Exposure to excessive noise (> 90 dBA), esp. in car body work, during engine testing, etc.
	Exposure to excessive heat or cold, esp. in open garages or during roadwork (the use of improvised heating may cause fire and CO poisoning)
Chemical hazards	Exposure to a wide range of industrial chemicals including heavy metals, contained in brake fluids, degreasers, detergents, lubricants, metal cleaners, paints, fuel, solvents, etc., resulting in various forms of chronic poisoning: Skin diseases and conditions (various types of dermatitis, skin sensitization, eczema, oil acne, etc.) caused by various chemicals, e.g.: adhesives, asbestos, antifreeze and brake fluids, epoxy resins, gasoline, oils, nickel, colophon etc. Eye irritation, dizziness, nausea, breathing problems, headaches, etc., caused by contact with irritating chemicals and their dusts and fumes, e.g.: antiknock agents (such as methylpentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl [MMT]), ketone solvents (such as methyl isobutyl keton [MIK]) etc. Asbestosis and mesothelioma caused by asbestos dust from brake drum cleaning and processing operation Chronic poisoning resulting from exposure to lead and its dust and fumes (esp. while repairing radiators, handling storage batteries, welding, using paints and lubricants, etc.) Hematological changes as a result of exposure to solvents, such as benzene and its homologues, toluene, xylene, etc. Increased risk of cancer due to inhalation of diesel exhaust fumes or contact with certain heavy metals and their compounds, asbestos, benzene etc. Increased risk of organic brain damage due to inhalation of diesel exhaust fumes Acute eye and mucous membrane irritation, headaches, breathing difficulties, chest tightness etc., caused by inhalation of NOx and respirable particulates Gastrointestinal disturbances as a result of accidental or chronic ingestion of adhesives
	Nuisance due to bad smells when working with certain solvent-based adhesives
	Splashes of corrosive and reactive chemicals that may cause eye and skin injuries, etc.
Biological hazards	Infections as a result of microorganism contamination and growth in certain adhesives
Ergonomic, psychosocial and organizational factors	Acute musculoskeletal injuries (intervertebral disk rupture, tendon rupture, hernia etc.) caused by physical overexertion and incorrect combination of weight and posture during lifting and moving of heavy loads
	Cumulative trauma disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by long-time repetitive work
	Danger of being attacked by individuals (including dissatisfied customers) in work places open to the public
	Psychological stress when working under time pressure

Preventive measures

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	Mount rail or other guards round inspection pits when not in use
	Wear safety shoes with non-skid soles
	Wear appropriate eye protection; consult a safety supervisor or a supplier
	Learn and use safe lifting and moving techniques for heavy or awkward loads; use mechanical aids to assist in lifting
	In welding work, wear welding helmet with UV-protecting glass
	Wear hearing protection appropriate for the noise levels and type of noise - consult the supplier or an expert
	Protect hands with chemical-resistant gloves; if impractical, use a barrier cream
	Train employees how to recognize and respond to threat of violence; provide means for summoning help, or escort if needed

Specialized information

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Synonyms	Automotive machinist; garage mechanic; motor-vehicle mechanic
Definitions and/or description	Repairs and overhauls automobiles and other automotive vehicles: Examines vehicle and discusses with customer nature and extent of damage or malfunction. Plans work, using charts, technical manuals, and experience. Raises vehicle, using hydraulic jack or hoist, to gain access to mechanical units. Removes unit, such as engine, etc., using wrenches and hoist. Disassembles unit and inspect parts for wear, using measuring instruments. Repairs or replaces parts, such as pistons, rods, etc., using hand tools. Overhauls or replaces carburetors, distributors, pumps, etc. Rebuilds parts, using machining and welding equipment. Rewires electrical circuits. Relines and adjusts brakes, aligns front end, repairs or replaces shock absorbers, and solders leaks in radiator. Mends damaged body and fenders. Replaces and adjusts lights, and installs and repairs accessories, such as radios, heaters, burglar alarms, etc. Replaces expendable materials and parts (oils, filters, etc.). May be designated according to specialty as automobile mechanic, motor (automotive ser.); differential repairer (automotive ser.); engine-repair mechanic, bus (automotive ser.), etc. [according to DOT]
Related and specific occupations	Bus mechanic; diesel-engine mechanic; motor-truck mechanic; engine-repair mechanic; compressor mechanic; motor or bus repairer; differential repairer; brake repairer; engine-head repairer, etc.; automobile-service-station mechanic; garage supervisor; automobile mechanic apprentice; automobile electrician; garage storekeeper, etc.
Tasks	Abrading; adjusting; aligning; assembling and disassembling; bolting; bonding; boring; brazi-ng; brushing; burning; calibrating; cementing; chipping; clamping; cleaning; cutting; diagnos-ing; dipping; dismantling; drilling; driving; examining; fabricating; fastening; filing; filling; finish-ing; fitting; flame-cutting; forging; grinding; gluing; hammering; heating; inserting; inspecting; installing; laminating; lifting; lubricating; machining; maintaining; measurng (with instruments); melting; mending; milling; overhauling; painting; piercing; planning; positioning; pressing; pulling; pumping; pushing; raising; reboring; rebuiding; rebushing; recharging; reconditioning; relining; removing; repairing; replacing; riveting; rewiring; sanding; scraping; servicing; setting; soldering; spraying; stapling; tapping; testing; threading; tightening; tuning; welding
Primary equipment used	Calipers; electronic measuring, testing and diagnostic equipment; gauges; hammers; hoist; jack; machining tools (lathes, shapers, etc.); micrometers; oilers; screwdrivers and similar hand tools (manual, pneumatic, or electric); spraying guns; soldering tools and accessories; vehicle lift; welding equipment
Workplaces where the occupation is common	Garages; service stations; transportation companies and facilities
References	Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 4th Ed., ILO, Geneva, 1998, Vol.3, p. 102.26 - 102.32. Health and Safety Executive (UK): Health and Safety in Tyre and Exhaust Fitting Premises. HS (G) 62, HSE Books, 1991. Health and Safety Executive (UK): Health and Safety in Motor Vehicle Repair. HS (G) 67, HSE Books, 1991.

This information has been compiled by the Israel Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene jointly with the BIA (Germany).