The consequences of heat exposure during hot weather are many and varied and may often be serious and even fatal. Outdoor workers in particular may spend many hours a day in the sun and the health impacts can be immediate or can occur over a long period of time. For example, exposure to the sun can cause skin damage including sunburn, blistering and skin ageing and in the long term can lead to an increased risk of skin cancer. Heat stress can cause an inability to concentrate, muscle cramps, heat rash, severe thirst, fainting, heat exhaustion and, in severe cases, heat stroke that can result in death if not detected at an early stage.

Protective measures include the re-organization of work to take account of the hot weather (frequent work breaks, limitation of physical effort, rotation of tasks), technical measures (provision of sheltered spaces for outdoor workers, air conditioning or blinds for indoor workers) and personal hygiene (drinking plenty of water, wearing suitable clothing, avoiding large meals and alcohol).

The French National Institute for Research and Safety (Institut national de recherche et de sécurité - INRS) provides guidance on the protection of workers during a heat wave (in French).

The German Mutual Occupational Accident Insurance Association (Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften - HVBG) offers ten tips for protecting your skin in the summer (in German).

See also the CIS News item of July-August 2006 for a list of resources on the protection of workers against heat-related hazards.