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International instruments provide a solid foundation for formulation of migration policies. All international labour standards apply to migrant workers, unless otherwise stated in the instruments. The ILO has pioneered the development of international instruments for the governance of labour migration and protection of migrant workers since the 1930s. Universal human rights are applicable to all human beings irrespective of nationality. Moreover, the core labour rights - fundamental Conventions of the ILO enshrined in the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work - are applicable to all workers including all migrant workers. The ILO Conventions on migrant workers - Migration for Employment No. 97, (1949) and the Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention No. 143, (1975) comprehensively define the rights of migrant workers, and advocate the principles of equal treatment, equality of opportunity and non-discrimination. The 1990 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families has elaborated and expanded on these rights. These three Conventions together define a comprehensive charter of migrant rights and provide a legal basis for national policy and practice on migrant workers.
Other Relevant UN Standards |
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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) |
Adopted and opened for signature and ratification by General Assembly resolution 2106 (XX)
of 21 December 1965; entry into force 4 January 1969. For the jurisprudence under the Convention, visit the site
of CERD Committee. |
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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) |
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 34/180 of 18 December 1979;
entry into force 3 September 1981. For the jurisprudence under the Convention, visit the site of
CEDAW Committee. |
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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) |
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI)
of 16 December 1966; entry into force 3 January 1976. |
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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) |
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI)
of 16 December 1966, entry into force 23 March 1976. |
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Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) |
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989;
entry into force 2 September 1990. For the jurisprudence of the Convention, visit the site of
CRC Committee. |
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Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime - (pdf 48 KB) |
Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 55/25 of 15 November 2000.
Entry into force: 25 December 2003 |
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Protocol against the smuggling of migrants by land, sea and air, supplementing the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime - (pdf 60 KB) |
Adopted by resolution A/RES/55/25 of 15 November 2000 at the fifty-fifth session of the General
Assembly of the United Nations. Entry into force: 28 January 2004 |
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