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Decent Work and Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) - A reference manual for ILO staff and constituents, ILO 2005
(available in English, French and Spanish)
Decent Work and Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRS) - An ILO Advocacy Guidebook, ILO 2005
(available in English and French)
Research
- Labour market flexibility and employment and income security
The objective of this research project is to provide policy recommendations for ILO constituents and policy makers aimed at creating decent employment by establishing a good balance between labour market flexibility and income and employment security in developing countries. In less advanced economies, the large size of the informal sector and of agricultural labour determines a high degree of flexibility which is not compensated by measures targetting workers' protection. In the case of developing countries, the notion of "employment security" ought to be broadened so as to include household income security, given the high proportion of the population involved in subsistence activities, especially in rural areas. National studies have been launched in China, Egypt, Ethiopia and Ghana.
- Towards
a new balance between labour market flexibility
and employment security for Egypt by Maria Sabrina de Gobbi and Alena Nesporova, Employment Strategy Papers 2005/10
Background Papers
The following appear as background papers. These are papers which have not been submitted to the ILO's usual stringent review process but their content is considered worthy of further dissemination. The views expressed are solely those of the authors and do not constitute an endoorsement by the ILO.
- Understanding how the labour market functions for youths in the developing world
Much research has already been conducted on youth employment issues, both within and outside the ILO. Most evidence, however, stems from developed, industrialised countries and the policy recommendations derived from this evidence are not appropriate to tackle the problems faced by developing countries. These countries, indeed, often experience low open unemployment, but suffer from widespread underemployment and a deficit of decent work, especially among the younger population. The empirical foundations for our policy work are missing and hence hard empirical evidence needs to be gathered on the characteristics of the youth labour force and on the determinants of youth employment in developing countries.
This research project is based on 7 country case studies representative of various situations prevalent in the developing world; the information they provide will be analysed in detail, differentiating between different youth groups and testing a number of working hypotheses. For example, is the issue of youth employment simply one of labour market entry, or is it an issue of its own? Another hypothesis to be verified is whether the transition rates from low to high quality employment for young people in developing countries are very low and thus whether a majority of young people is trapped into low productivity, low quality employment while the openly unemployed generally only face short, frictional unemployment spells.
The analysis and its conclusions will form the material for a publication, which can form a basis for formulating employment policies for youth in developing countries.
-
Mercado de Trabajo Juvenil: Argentina, Brasil y Mexico by
M.C. Cacciamali, Employment
Strategy Paper 2005/02
- Towards a national action plan for youth
employment in the Azerbaijan Republic by Martin
Godfrey, target="_blank" Employment Strategy Paper 2005/04
- Caractéristiques et déterminants de
l'emploi des jeunes au Cameroun, by Gilles B.
Njike Njikam, Roland M. Lontzchi Tchoffo et
Violet Fotzeu Mwaffo, Employment Strategy Paper
2005/05
- Chômage et employabilité des jeunes au
Maroc, by Noureddine El Aoufi et Mohammed
Bensaïd, Employment Strategy Paper 2005/06
Tools
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General tools |
- Improving prospects for young women and men in the world of work: a guide to youth employment. Policy considerations and recommendations for the development of national action plans on youth employment, ILO, Geneva, 2004.
This guide reviews the basic considerations, trade-offs and experiences that can be drawn upon to develop and implement policies and national action plans on youth employment. It also examines how actors across the social spectrum and especially youth can become involved in seeking integrated and coordinated solutions.
Available in English only on request. |
- Manual on Evaluation of Labour Market Policies in Transition Economies, ILO, Geneva, 2000. |
- School-to-Work Transition Surveys
It is our hope that the ILO school to work transition survey (SWTS) will serve as a first step in meeting our constituents’ need for more information on young people, while also meeting the demand for a quantitative tool that can be tailored to meet the demands of countries who seek ILO assistance in the development of youth employment programmes and policies.
The ILO has designed a survey to measure the realities of young people's experience as they enter the labour market. Undertaking a school-to-work transition survey will allow countries to quantify the number of young people who have successfully completed the transition from school to work and are in a job that is both satisfactory on a personal level and meets the demands for job security; it also allows to estimate the number of young people who are still in transition, that is, either unemployed or employed in a job that is temporary or unsatisfactory; and the number of young people who have not yet transited either because they remain in school or are outside of the labour market with no plans to work in the future. The survey allows for analysis of determinants such as how the education/training system and the aspirations of young women and men meet the demands of the labour market, the perceptions and goals of young people entering the labour market, how they actually conduct their job search, whether they prefer wage or self-employment, the barriers to and supports for entry into the labour market, attitudes of employers towards hiring young workers, among others. The survey is designed to capture the experiences of young men and women from five target groups - in-school youth, jobseekers, young employees, young self-employed and own-account workers, youth who are neither in school nor in the labour market - while a separate questionnaire targets employers and managers of young people. |
Gender-specific tools |
- A Training Guide Measuring Gender Dimensions of the World of Work in Bangladesh, ILO, Geneva, 2006. |
- CD-ROM e.quality at work: An Information Base on Equal Employment Opportunities for Women and Men, ILO, Geneva. |
- Guide on Employment of Older Women Workers in Estonia, ILO, Geneva, 2004.
Estonian version also available. |
- Identification of Economic Opportunities for Women's Groups and Communities, ILO, Geneva, 2003.
Identificación de Oportunidades Económicas para los Grupos de Mujeres y Comunidades - Spanish version. |
- An Information Guide - Preventing Discrimination, Exploitation and Abuse of Women Migrant Workers, ILO, Geneva, 2003. |
- The Guide for training Women Economic Groups, ILO, Tanzania, 2002. (The Guide is in Kiswahili) |
- A Resource Kit for Trade Unions, ILO, Geneva, 2002. |
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