Local level planning
 
A major constraint for the population of developing countries to improve and
maintain their standard of living is their lack of access to essential goods and
services, where access is defined as the ease or difficulty of reaching these
goods and services.
Access to these basic services and goods can be greatly improved by
appropriate investments in infrastructure (improving the proximity and quality
of services as well as the required transport infrastructure) and transport
means (public transport and intermediate means of transport). Local level
planning is key to identifying these investments, and ensuring their maximum
impact on the access of people to basic services. Such planning enables local
governments to identify and prioritise rural infrastructure investment
opportunities that are based on the real needs and demands of the people.
The ILO through the EIIP has helped develop a simple and relatively cheap
planning tool (Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning - IRAP) that involves
communities, local governments and local civic organisations in identifying
appropriate interventions. It is an area-based tool for physical planning that
captures access problems and identifies a set of prioritised interventions that
address these. It complements the existing local level planning structure and
strengthens local capacity in target countries to identify appropriate
investments in infrastructure more effectively and efficiently.
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Laos
The objective of an IRAP project that started in Lao People's Democratic
Republic in 1995, is to develop capacity for improved infrastructure planning in
rural areas, providing communities with better access to basic social and
economic goods and services. The project is now operating in eight provinces and
has developed manuals on participatory infrastructure planning, carried out
on-the-job training of local planners and technical staff, including at the
village level, developed databases on infrastructure development at provincial
levels, and produced infrastructure and road network improvement plans.
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Further reading
-
Quantification of Accessibility Levels of Rural Areas: A case study in the
Northern Province of South Africa - PDF 392 Kb
A. Sarkar and M Mashiri, 2002
- Rural Transport and
Local Government Units, How to improve rural transport for the rural poor -
PDF 424 Kb
Chris Donnges, published in United Nations Transport and Communications
Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific N0 71, p27-38, UN/ESCAP, 2001
- Meeting the Accessibility
Needs of Rural Poor - PDF 21 Kb
Ashoke K. Sarker and Dipak Ghosh, IASSI Quarterly,
Vol 18, No.4, 2000
- A Guide to Integrated
Rural Accessibility Planning in Malawi - PDF 698 Kb
Rob Dingen, 2000
- Household Survey Report
of Five Selected Sekong Villages - PDF 1,319 Kb
Nadia Guillin, UNDP/ILO, 1999
- Impact Assessment
Report IRAP Laos - PDF 46 Kb
Chris Donnges & Linda Deelen, UNDP/ESCAP/ILO, 1999
- Guidelines for
Transport Infrastructure Inventory, Preparation of Transport Network
Analysis - PDF 32 Kb
Chris Donnges, International Labour Organsiation, 1999
- IRAP Laos Issue Paper 4,
Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning and Community Participation in Rural
Infrastructure Development - PDF 127 Kb
Chris Donnges, International Labour Organisation,
1999
- IRAP Laos Issue Paper 3,
Rural Road Planning, Recommendations fo Improving the Rural Road Network in
Lao PDR - PDF 155 Kb
Chris Donnges, UNDP/Sida/ILO, 1998
- IRAP Laos Issue Paper 2,
Guidelines on Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning, The Laos Experience
- PDF 260 Kb
Chris Donnges, UNDP/Sida/ILO, 1998
- IRAP Laos Issue Paper 1,
Access and Income Generating Activities - PDF 294 Kb
Chris Donnges, UNDP/Sida/ILO, 1998
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