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UN Instruments - Equality of Opportunity and
Treatment in Respect of Employment and Occupation
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights - article 6.1:
Article 6
The States Parties to the present Covenant
recognize the right to work, which includes the right of everyone to the
opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts,
and will take appropriate steps to safeguard this right.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women - article 11.1(b) and (c):
Article 11
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States Parties shall take all appropriate
measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of
employment in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, the
same rights, in particular:
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The right to the same employment opportunities,
including the application of the same criteria for selection in matters of
employment;
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The right to free choice of profession and
employment, the right to promotion, job security and all benefits and
conditions of service and the right to receive vocational training and
retraining, including apprenticeships, advanced vocational training and
recurrent training.
Beijing Platform for Action, paragraph 178 (c):
Paragraph 178
Discrimination includes any distinction, exclusion
or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political
opinion, national extraction or social original which has the effect of
nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment
or occupation.
Governments, employers, employees, trade unions and women’s
organisations are called to:
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Enact and enforce laws and develop workplace policies
against gender discrimination in the labour market, especially considering
older women workers, in hiring and promotion, and in the extension of
employment benefits and social security, as well as regarding discriminatory
working conditions and sexual harassment mechanisms should be developed for
the regular review and monitoring of such laws.
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