Human resource implications of globalization and restructuring in commerce
Report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on
Human Resource Implications of Globalization and
Restructuring in Commerce
Part 3
Copyright ® 1999 International Labour Organization (ILO)
Total employment and employment in wholesale and
retail trade by sex (selected countries and various years)
|
| |||||||||
|
Country or territory |
Year |
Total employment |
Employment in wholesale and retail trade1 | ||||||
|
Total
|
Women
|
Share of
|
Total
|
Women
|
Share of
|
As % of total employment | |||
|
Total |
Women | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
|
Developed (industrialized) countries | |||||||||
|
Australia |
1990 |
7 836.6 |
3 253.4 |
41.5 |
1 943.8 |
921.8 |
47.4 |
24.8 |
28.3 |
|
1995 |
8 217.1 |
3 612.1 |
44.0 |
2 095.1 |
1 016.6 |
48.5 |
25.5 |
28.1 | |
|
1997 |
8 394.1 |
3 631.7 |
43.3 |
2 125.8 |
1 003.5 |
47.2 |
25.3 |
27.6 | |
|
Austria |
1985 |
3 234.5 |
1 277.1 |
39.5 |
578.0 |
333.9 |
57.8 |
17.9 |
26.1 |
|
1990 |
3 421.1 |
1 396.3 |
40.8 |
633.9 |
370.8 |
58.5 |
18.5 |
26.6 | |
|
1995 |
3 758.8 |
1 596.0 |
42.5 |
781.4 |
441.0 |
56.4 |
20.8 |
27.6 | |
|
1997 |
3 719.4 |
1 590.3 |
42.8 |
795.9 |
445.2 |
55.9 |
21.4 |
28.0 | |
|
Belgium |
1990 |
3 636.7 |
1 364.6 |
37.5 |
668.0 |
297.2 |
44.5 |
18.4 |
21.8 |
|
Canada |
1985 |
11 221.0 |
4 794.0 |
42.7 |
2 613.0 |
1 241.0 |
47.5 |
23.3 |
25.9 |
|
1990 |
12 572.0 |
5 624.0 |
44.7 |
3 014.0 |
1 462.0 |
48.5 |
24.0 |
26.0 | |
|
1995 |
13 506.0 |
6 109.0 |
45.2 |
3 167.7 |
1 527.1 |
48.2 |
23.5 |
25.0 | |
|
1997 |
13 941.0 |
6 291.7 |
45.1 |
3 283.9 |
1 576.6 |
48.0 |
23.6 |
25.1 | |
|
Cyprus |
1985 |
221.8 |
82.3 |
37.1 |
47.3 |
19.3 |
40.8 |
21.3 |
23.5 |
|
1990 |
257.2 |
99.5 |
38.7 |
61.1 |
26.4 |
43.2 |
23.8 |
26.5 | |
|
1995 |
285.1 |
112.1 |
39.3 |
74.6 |
34.3 |
46.0 |
26.2 |
30.6 | |
|
Denmark |
1985 |
2 553.4 |
1 143.2 |
44.8 |
391.9 |
184.9 |
47.2 |
15.3 |
16.2 |
|
1990 |
2 670.0 |
1 221.7 |
45.8 |
390.8 |
185.4 |
47.4 |
14.6 |
15.2 | |
|
1993 |
2 609.7 |
1 161.1 |
44.5 |
433.2 |
190.9 |
44.1 |
16.6 |
16.4 | |
|
1997 |
2 682.0 |
1 217.3 |
45.4 |
439.8 |
195.4 |
44.4 |
16.4 |
16.1 | |
|
Finland |
1985 |
2 466.0 |
1 173.0 |
47.6 |
355.0 |
207.0 |
58.3 |
14.4 |
17.6 |
|
1990 |
2 488.0 |
1 179.0 |
47.4 |
392.0 |
221.0 |
56.4 |
15.8 |
18.7 | |
|
1995 |
2 092.0 |
988.0 |
47.2 |
301.0 |
160.0 |
53.2 |
14.4 |
16.2 | |
|
1997 |
2 195.0 |
1 028.0 |
46.8 |
329.0 |
173.0 |
52.6 |
15.0 |
16.8 | |
|
France |
1990 |
19 468.0 |
8 493.5 |
43.6 |
3 104.7 |
1 437.7 |
46.3 |
15.9 |
16.9 |
|
1995 |
19 635.0 |
8 894.4 |
45.3 |
3 089.2 |
1 445.0 |
46.8 |
15.7 |
16.2 | |
|
1997 |
19 847.0 |
9 063.9 |
45.7 |
3 160.0 |
1 472.3 |
46.6 |
15.9 |
16.2 | |
|
Germany |
1991 |
37 445.0 |
15 570.0 |
41.6 |
5 307.0 |
3 146.0 |
59.3 |
14.2 |
20.2 |
|
1995 |
36 048.0 |
15 109.0 |
41.9 |
6 188.0 |
3 306.0 |
53.4 |
17.2 |
21.9 | |
|
1997 |
35 805.0 |
15 256.0 |
42.6 |
6 244.0 |
3 379.0 |
54.1 |
17.4 |
22.1 | |
|
Greece |
1985 |
3 588.7 |
1 217.3 |
33.9 |
571.0 |
206.2 |
36.1 |
15.9 |
16.9 |
|
1990 |
3 719.1 |
1 309.7 |
35.2 |
653.9 |
248.8 |
38.0 |
17.6 |
19.0 | |
|
1995 |
3 823.8 |
1 371.6 |
35.9 |
848.7 |
313.5 |
36.9 |
22.2 |
22.9 | |
|
1997 |
3 854.1 |
1 415.1 |
36.7 |
872.5 |
333.5 |
38.2 |
22.6 |
23.6 | |
|
Iceland |
1991 |
136.9 |
62.4 |
45.6 |
25.2 |
11.4 |
45.2 |
18.4 |
18.3 |
|
1995 |
141.8 |
66.2 |
46.7 |
23.7 |
10.9 |
46.0 |
16.7 |
16.5 | |
|
1997 |
142.0 |
65.6 |
46.2 |
24.3 |
11.2 |
46.1 |
17.1 |
17.1 | |
|
Ireland |
1986 |
1 095.1 |
350.2 |
32.0 |
199.6 |
76.5 |
38.3 |
18.2 |
21.8 |
|
1990 |
1 159.7 |
400.4 |
34.5 |
212.9 |
88.2 |
41.4 |
18.4 |
22.0 | |
|
1995 |
1 281.7 |
482.9 |
37.7 |
247.8 |
114.4 |
46.2 |
19.3 |
23.7 | |
|
1997 |
1 379.9 |
539.7 |
39.1 |
269.7 |
128.2 |
47.5 |
19.5 |
23.8 | |
|
Israel |
1985 |
1 349.4 |
513.4 |
38.0 |
167.7 |
59.1 |
35.2 |
12.4 |
11.5 |
|
1990 |
1 491.5 |
593.8 |
39.8 |
216.4 |
78.0 |
36.0 |
14.5 |
13.1 | |
|
1995 |
1 965.0 |
834.4 |
42.5 |
329.6 |
128.9 |
39.1 |
16.8 |
15.4 | |
|
1997 |
2 040.2 |
884.8 |
43.4 |
338.6 |
135.9 |
40.1 |
16.6 |
15.4 | |
|
Italy |
1985 |
20 894.0 |
6 830.0 |
32.7 |
4 365.0 |
1 544.0 |
35.4 |
20.9 |
22.6 |
|
1990 |
21 454.0 |
7 427.0 |
34.6 |
4 537.0 |
1 681.0 |
37.1 |
21.1 |
22.6 | |
|
1995 |
19 942.0 |
7 055.0 |
35.4 |
4 220.0 |
1 557.0 |
36.9 |
21.2 |
22.1 | |
|
Japan |
1985 |
58 070.0 |
23 040.0 |
39.7 |
13 180.0 |
6 250.0 |
47.4 |
22.7 |
27.1 |
|
1990 |
62 490.0 |
25 360.0 |
40.6 |
14 150.0 |
6 890.0 |
48.7 |
22.6 |
27.2 | |
|
1995 |
64 570.0 |
26 140.0 |
40.5 |
14 490.0 |
7 260.0 |
50.1 |
22.4 |
27.8 | |
|
1997 |
65 570.0 |
26 650.0 |
40.6 |
14 750.0 |
7 450.0 |
50.5 |
22.5 |
28.0 | |
|
Luxembourg |
1985 |
160.9 |
54.2 |
33.7 |
34.8 |
17.3 |
49.7 |
21.6 |
31.9 |
|
1990 |
189.6 |
64.6 |
34.1 |
40.2 |
19.3 |
48.0 |
21.2 |
29.9 | |
|
Malta |
1985 |
112.7 |
27.7 |
24.6 |
11.6 |
3.0 |
25.9 |
10.3 |
10.8 |
|
1990 |
127.2 |
32.9 |
25.9 |
12.9 |
3.4 |
26.4 |
10.1 |
10.3 | |
|
Netherlands |
1985 |
5 144.5 |
1 730.2 |
33.6 |
906.5 |
359.0 |
39.6 |
17.6 |
20.7 |
|
1990 |
6 356.0 |
2 405.0 |
37.8 |
1 104.0 |
495.0 |
44.8 |
17.4 |
20.6 | |
|
1995 |
6 835.0 |
2 787.0 |
40.8 |
1 342.0 |
600.0 |
44.7 |
19.6 |
21.5 | |
|
1997 |
7 194.0 |
3 000.0 |
41.7 |
1 462.0 |
676.0 |
46.2 |
20.3 |
22.5 | |
|
New Zealand |
1986 |
1 544.1 |
640.6 |
41.5 |
295.8 |
155.4 |
52.5 |
19.2 |
24.3 |
|
1990 |
1 481.4 |
646.4 |
43.6 |
312.0 |
157.6 |
50.5 |
21.1 |
24.4 | |
|
1995 |
1 632.6 |
719.9 |
44.1 |
349.0 |
172.0 |
49.3 |
21.4 |
23.9 | |
|
1997 |
1 693.3 |
754.0 |
44.5 |
366.0 |
184.9 |
50.5 |
21.6 |
24.5 | |
|
Norway |
1985 |
2 014.0 |
865.0 |
42.9 |
346.0 |
188.0 |
54.3 |
17.2 |
21.7 |
|
1990 |
2 030.0 |
915.0 |
45.1 |
358.0 |
193.0 |
53.9 |
17.6 |
21.1 | |
|
1995 |
2 079.0 |
980.0 |
47.1 |
374.0 |
195.0 |
52.1 |
18.0 |
19.9 | |
|
1997 |
2 192.0 |
1 009.0 |
46.0 |
399.0 |
201.0 |
50.4 |
18.2 |
19.9 | |
|
Portugal |
1985 |
4 279.2 |
1 724.8 |
40.3 |
591.6 |
240.6 |
40.7 |
13.8 |
13.9 |
|
1992 |
4 586.7 |
1 994.4 |
43.5 |
897.7 |
373.8 |
41.6 |
19.6 |
18.7 | |
|
1995 |
4 441.7 |
1 968.4 |
44.3 |
859.5 |
372.3 |
43.3 |
19.4 |
18.9 | |
|
1997 |
4 546.0 |
2 034.6 |
44.8 |
856.3 |
370.0 |
43.2 |
18.8 |
18.2 | |
|
San Marino |
1985 |
10.5 |
4.0 |
38.1 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
50.0 |
15.2 |
20.0 |
|
1990 |
12.1 |
4.8 |
39.7 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
52.4 |
17.4 |
22.9 | |
|
1995 |
16.3 |
6.2 |
38.0 |
2.7 |
1.4 |
51.9 |
16.6 |
22.6 | |
|
1997 |
17.3 |
6.7 |
38.7 |
2.8 |
1.4 |
50.0 |
16.2 |
20.9 | |
|
Spain |
1985 |
10 641.0 |
3 087.9 |
29.0 |
1 952.2 |
767.2 |
39.3 |
18.3 |
24.8 |
|
1990 |
12 579.0 |
4 002.8 |
31.8 |
2 539.7 |
1 064.6 |
41.9 |
20.2 |
26.6 | |
|
1995 |
12 042.0 |
4 152.8 |
34.5 |
2 772.8 |
1 144.8 |
41.3 |
23.0 |
27.6 | |
|
1997 |
12 765.0 |
4 497.7 |
35.2 |
2 904.2 |
1 234.8 |
42.5 |
22.8 |
27.5 | |
|
Sweden |
1987 |
4 316.0 |
2 072.0 |
48.0 |
643.0 |
316.0 |
49.1 |
14.9 |
15.3 |
|
1990 |
4 485.0 |
2 152.0 |
48.0 |
685.0 |
327.0 |
47.7 |
15.3 |
15.2 | |
|
1995 |
3 986.0 |
1 925.0 |
48.3 |
609.0 |
284.0 |
46.6 |
15.3 |
14.8 | |
|
1997 |
3 922.0 |
1 880.0 |
47.9 |
602.0 |
278.0 |
46.2 |
15.3 |
14.8 | |
|
Switzerland |
1991 |
3 891.0 |
1 541.0 |
39.6 |
915.0 |
457.0 |
49.9 |
23.5 |
29.7 |
|
1995 |
3 800.0 |
1 542.0 |
40.6 |
872.0 |
441.0 |
50.6 |
22.9 |
28.6 | |
|
1997 |
3 803.0 |
1 584.0 |
41.7 |
881.0 |
448.0 |
50.9 |
23.2 |
28.3 | |
|
Turkey |
1985 |
16 162.0 |
4 881.0 |
30.2 |
1 855.0 |
86.0 |
4.6 |
11.5 |
1.8 |
|
1990 |
19 946.0 |
6 277.0 |
31.5 |
2 278.0 |
164.0 |
7.2 |
11.4 |
2.6 | |
|
1995 |
21 378.0 |
6 486.0 |
30.3 |
2 612.0 |
255.0 |
9.8 |
12.2 |
3.9 | |
|
1997 |
20 815.0 |
5 450.0 |
26.2 |
2 916.0 |
298.0 |
10.2 |
14.0 |
5.5 | |
|
United Kingdom |
1990 |
26 935.0 |
11 617.0 |
43.1 |
5 383.3 |
2 850.9 |
53.0 |
20.0 |
24.5 |
|
1995 |
25 973.0 |
11 599.0 |
44.7 |
5 232.5 |
2 721.1 |
52.0 |
20.1 |
23.5 | |
|
1997 |
26 682.0 |
11 962.0 |
44.8 |
5 385.0 |
2 767.8 |
51.4 |
20.2 |
23.1 | |
|
United States |
1985 |
107 150.0 |
47 259.0 |
44.1 |
22 296.0 |
10 554.0 |
47.3 |
20.8 |
22.3 |
|
1990 |
118 793.0 |
53 689.0 |
45.2 |
24 622.0 |
11 596.0 |
47.1 |
20.7 |
21.6 | |
|
1995 |
124 900.0 |
57 523.0 |
46.1 |
26 071.0 |
12 312.0 |
47.2 |
20.9 |
21.4 | |
|
1997 |
129 558.0 |
59 873.0 |
46.2 |
26 777.0 |
12 659.0 |
47.3 |
20.7 |
21.1 | |
|
Transition economies | |||||||||
|
Albania |
1985 |
775.7 |
313.4 |
40.4 |
55.8 |
28.9 |
51.8 |
7.2 |
9.2 |
|
1990 |
904.6 |
367.4 |
40.6 |
60.2 |
31.7 |
52.7 |
6.7 |
8.6 | |
|
Azerbaijan |
1985 |
2 619.2 |
… |
… |
171.7 |
… |
… |
6.6 |
|
|
1990 |
2 907.7 |
… |
… |
289.4 |
… |
… |
10.0 |
… | |
|
1995 |
2 837.3 |
… |
… |
396.2 |
… |
… |
14.0 |
… | |
|
1997 |
2 900.0 |
… |
… |
511.4 |
… |
… |
17.6 |
… | |
|
Belarus |
1987 |
5 144.0 |
… |
… |
341.1 |
… |
… |
6.6 |
… |
|
1990 |
5 150.8 |
… |
… |
349.1 |
… |
… |
6.8 |
… | |
|
1994 |
4 700.9 |
… |
… |
422.3 |
… |
… |
9.0 |
… | |
|
Bulgaria |
1985 |
4 459.5 |
… |
… |
393.8 |
… |
… |
8.8 |
… |
|
1990 |
4 096.8 |
… |
… |
393.4 |
… |
… |
9.6 |
… | |
|
1995 |
3 282.2 |
… |
… |
393.8 |
… |
… |
12.0 |
… | |
|
Croatia |
1985 |
1 508.6 |
620.5 |
41.1 |
235.2 |
132.7 |
56.4 |
15.6 |
21.4 |
|
1990 |
1 513.6 |
652.8 |
43.1 |
237.0 |
135.7 |
57.3 |
15.7 |
20.8 | |
|
1995 |
1 026.8 |
477.7 |
46.5 |
154.1 |
87.4 |
56.7 |
15.0 |
18.3 | |
|
1997 |
1 003.9 |
472.2 |
47.0 |
… |
103.0 |
… |
… |
21.8 | |
|
Czech Republic |
1995 |
5 102.0 |
2 346.0 |
46.0 |
807.0 |
464.0 |
57.5 |
15.8 |
19.8 |
|
1997 |
4 942.0 |
2 151.0 |
43.5 |
825.0 |
456.0 |
55.3 |
16.7 |
21.2 | |
|
Estonia |
1990 |
826.4 |
399.7 |
48.4 |
80.6 |
58.1 |
72.1 |
9.8 |
14.5 |
|
1995 |
656.1 |
313.8 |
47.8 |
100.7 |
60.1 |
59.7 |
15.3 |
19.2 | |
|
Hungary |
1992 |
4 082.7 |
… |
… |
596.0 |
… |
… |
14.6 |
… |
|
1995 |
3 678.8 |
1 629.2 |
44.3 |
576.5 |
316.1 |
54.8 |
15.7 |
19.4 | |
|
1997 |
3 646.3 |
1 602.8 |
44.0 |
617.7 |
316.7 |
51.3 |
16.9 |
19.8 | |
|
Kazakhstan |
1985 |
7 136.0 |
… |
… |
451.0 |
… |
… |
6.3 |
… |
|
1990 |
7 563.0 |
… |
… |
470.0 |
… |
… |
6.2 |
… | |
|
1995 |
5 329.0 |
… |
… |
280.0 |
… |
… |
5.3 |
… | |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
1986 |
1 651.1 |
… |
… |
82.4 |
… |
… |
5.0 |
… |
|
1990 |
1 747.9 |
… |
… |
87.1 |
… |
… |
5.0 |
… | |
|
1995 |
1 641.7 |
… |
… |
69.3 |
… |
… |
4.2 |
… | |
|
1997 |
1 689.3 |
781.4 |
46.3 |
172.4 |
87.3 |
50.6 |
10.2 |
11.2 | |
|
Latvia |
1992 |
1 294.0 |
618.0 |
47.8 |
180.0 |
120.0 |
66.7 |
13.9 |
19.4 |
|
1995 |
1 046.0 |
511.0 |
48.9 |
170.0 |
107.0 |
62.9 |
16.3 |
20.9 | |
|
Lithuania |
1985 |
1 859.7 |
970.8 |
52.2 |
153.6 |
121.2 |
78.9 |
8.3 |
12.5 |
|
1990 |
873.8 |
… |
… |
35.4 |
… |
… |
4.1 |
… | |
|
1995 |
1 643.6 |
825.1 |
50.2 |
229.6 |
171.5 |
74.7 |
14.0 |
20.8 | |
|
1997 |
1 669.2 |
821.2 |
49.2 |
273.5 |
180.9 |
66.1 |
16.4 |
22.0 | |
|
Macedonia, F.Y.R. of |
1985 |
491.0 |
168.0 |
34.2 |
61.0 |
26.0 |
42.6 |
12.4 |
15.5 |
|
1990 |
507.0 |
189.0 |
37.3 |
64.0 |
28.0 |
43.8 |
12.6 |
14.8 | |
|
1995 |
357.0 |
133.0 |
37.3 |
30.0 |
13.0 |
43.3 |
8.4 |
9.8 | |
|
1997 |
319.0 |
123.0 |
38.6 |
23.0 |
10.0 |
43.5 |
7.2 |
8.1 | |
|
Moldova, Rep. of |
1985 |
2 080.0 |
… |
… |
115.0 |
… |
… |
5.5 |
… |
|
1990 |
2 071.0 |
… |
… |
138.0 |
… |
… |
6.7 |
… | |
|
1994 |
1 681.0 |
… |
… |
97.0 |
… |
… |
5.8 |
… | |
|
Poland |
1995 |
14 791.0 |
6 696.0 |
45.3 |
2 005.0 |
1 108.0 |
55.3 |
13.6 |
16.5 |
|
1997 |
15 177.0 |
6 780.0 |
44.7 |
2 202.0 |
1 181.0 |
53.6 |
14.5 |
17.4 | |
|
Romania |
1995 |
11 152.0 |
5 125.7 |
46.0 |
855.2 |
468.8 |
54.8 |
7.7 |
9.1 |
|
1997 |
11 050.0 |
5 045.8 |
45.7 |
1 044.0 |
585.4 |
56.1 |
9.4 |
11.6 | |
|
Russian Federation |
1990 |
75 325.0 |
… |
… |
5 085.8 |
… |
… |
6.8 |
… |
|
1995 |
66 441.0 |
… |
… |
6 071.4 |
… |
… |
9.1 |
… | |
|
Slovakia |
1995 |
2 146.8 |
953.5 |
44.4 |
281.8 |
165.3 |
58.7 |
13.1 |
17.3 |
|
1997 |
2 194.0 |
987.0 |
45.0 |
314.3 |
185.2 |
58.9 |
14.3 |
18.8 | |
|
Slovenia |
1995 |
882.0 |
409.0 |
46.4 |
136.0 |
74.0 |
54.4 |
15.4 |
18.1 |
|
1997 |
898.0 |
416.0 |
46.3 |
145.0 |
81.0 |
55.9 |
16.1 |
19.5 | |
|
Tajikistan |
1990 |
1 400.0 |
… |
… |
... |
… |
… |
... |
… |
|
1995 |
1 853.0 |
… |
… |
87.0 |
… |
… |
4.7 |
… | |
|
1997 |
1 143.4 |
… |
… |
40.2 |
… |
… |
3.5 |
… | |
|
Ukraine |
1990 |
25 401.0 |
… |
… |
1 867.0 |
… |
… |
7.4 |
… |
|
1995 |
21 962.0 |
… |
… |
1 585.0 |
… |
… |
7.2 |
… | |
|
1997 |
19 835.0 |
… |
… |
1 589.0 |
… |
… |
8.0 |
… | |
|
Asia and the Pacific | |||||||||
|
Bangladesh |
1985 |
30 563.0 |
3 116.0 |
10.2 |
3 833.0 |
137.0 |
3.6 |
12.5 |
4.4 |
|
1990 |
50 159.0 |
19 716.0 |
39.3 |
4 285.0 |
123.0 |
2.9 |
8.5 |
0.6 | |
|
1996 |
54 597.0 |
20 832.0 |
38.2 |
6 060.0 |
488.0 |
8.1 |
11.1 |
2.3 | |
|
China |
1990 |
639 090.0 |
… |
… |
28 390.0 |
… |
… |
4.4 |
… |
|
1995 |
679 470.0 |
… |
… |
42 920.0 |
… |
… |
6.3 |
… | |
|
1997 |
696 000.0 |
… |
… |
47 943.0 |
… |
… |
6.9 |
… | |
|
Fiji |
1985 |
81.1 |
19.9 |
24.5 |
14.8 |
4.4 |
29.7 |
18.2 |
22.1 |
|
1990 |
92.1 |
27.1 |
29.4 |
14.8 |
4.8 |
32.4 |
16.1 |
17.7 | |
|
1996 |
110.1 |
34.3 |
31.2 |
20.7 |
7.1 |
34.3 |
18.8 |
20.7 | |
|
1997 |
111.9 |
… |
… |
20.9 |
… |
… |
18.7 |
… | |
|
Hong Kong, China |
1985 |
2 543.3 |
930.4 |
36.6 |
573.8 |
195.6 |
34.1 |
22.6 |
21.0 |
|
1990 |
2 711.5 |
986.9 |
36.4 |
703.2 |
277.0 |
39.4 |
25.9 |
28.1 | |
|
1995 |
2 905.1 |
1 126.9 |
38.8 |
824.9 |
361.5 |
43.8 |
28.4 |
32.1 | |
|
1997 |
3 144.7 |
1 228.6 |
39.1 |
952.2 |
421.4 |
44.3 |
30.3 |
34.3 | |
|
India |
1985 |
24 578.0 |
3 162.0 |
12.9 |
408.0 |
25.0 |
6.1 |
1.7 |
0.8 |
|
1990 |
26 353.0 |
3 646.0 |
13.8 |
441.0 |
32.0 |
7.3 |
1.7 |
0.9 | |
|
1995 |
27 987.0 |
4 304.0 |
15.4 |
476.0 |
40.0 |
8.4 |
1.7 |
0.9 | |
|
Indonesia |
1985 |
62 457.0 |
22 507.0 |
36.0 |
9 345.2 |
4 767.8 |
51.0 |
15.0 |
21.2 |
|
1990 |
75 851.0 |
29 423.0 |
38.8 |
11 067.0 |
5 777.1 |
52.2 |
14.6 |
19.6 | |
|
1995 |
82 038.0 |
31 729.0 |
38.7 |
13 967.0 |
7 273.0 |
52.1 |
17.0 |
22.9 | |
|
1997 |
87 050.0 |
33 079.0 |
38.0 |
17 221.0 |
8 817.0 |
51.2 |
19.8 |
26.7 | |
|
Korea, Republic of |
1985 |
14 970.0 |
5 833.0 |
39.0 |
3 377.0 |
1 750.0 |
51.8 |
22.6 |
30.0 |
|
1992 |
18 961.0 |
7 639.0 |
40.3 |
4 419.0 |
2 265.0 |
51.3 |
23.3 |
29.7 | |
|
1995 |
20 377.0 |
8 224.0 |
40.4 |
5 358.0 |
2 726.0 |
50.9 |
26.3 |
33.1 | |
|
1997 |
21 048.0 |
8 639.0 |
41.0 |
5 798.0 |
3 044.0 |
52.5 |
27.5 |
35.2 | |
|
Macau |
1990 |
163.3 |
66.9 |
41.0 |
35.2 |
11.8 |
33.5 |
21.6 |
17.6 |
|
1995 |
180.3 |
78.5 |
43.5 |
46.1 |
21.3 |
46.2 |
25.6 |
27.1 | |
|
1997 |
200.6 |
89.7 |
44.7 |
53.2 |
25.3 |
47.6 |
26.5 |
28.2 | |
|
Malaysia |
1985 |
5 653.3 |
1 952.8 |
34.5 |
994.3 |
373.6 |
37.6 |
17.6 |
19.1 |
|
1990 |
6 685.0 |
2 374.3 |
35.5 |
1 217.8 |
456.7 |
37.5 |
18.2 |
19.2 | |
|
1995 |
7 645.0 |
2 588.4 |
33.9 |
1 370.7 |
530.9 |
38.7 |
17.9 |
20.5 | |
|
1997 |
8 569.2 |
2 911.5 |
34.0 |
1 577.9 |
632.9 |
40.1 |
18.4 |
21.7 | |
|
Myanmar |
1985 |
14 792.0 |
… |
… |
1 444.0 |
… |
… |
9.8 |
… |
|
1990 |
15 221.0 |
… |
… |
1 409.0 |
… |
… |
9.3 |
… | |
|
1994 |
16 817.0 |
… |
… |
... |
… |
… |
... |
… | |
|
1997 |
17 964.0 |
… |
… |
1 746.0 |
… |
… |
9.7 |
… | |
|
Pakistan |
1985 |
26 961.0 |
2 601.0 |
9.6 |
3 111.0 |
37.0 |
1.2 |
11.5 |
1.4 |
|
1990 |
30 822.0 |
3 592.0 |
11.7 |
3 674.0 |
83.0 |
2.3 |
11.9 |
2.3 | |
|
1995 |
33 337.0 |
4 051.0 |
12.2 |
4 835.0 |
116.0 |
2.4 |
14.5 |
2.9 | |
|
Philippines |
1985 |
20 327.0 |
7 569.0 |
37.2 |
2 650.0 |
1 789 |
67.5 |
13.0 |
23.6 |
|
1990 |
22 532.0 |
8 185.0 |
36.3 |
3 145.0 |
2 003 |
63.7 |
14.0 |
24.5 | |
|
1995 |
25 698.0 |
9 505.0 |
37.0 |
3 745.0 |
2 473 |
66.0 |
14.6 |
26.0 | |
|
1997 |
27 888.0 |
10 451.0 |
37.5 |
4 219.0 |
2 726 |
64.6 |
15.1 |
26.1 | |
|
Singapore |
1985 |
1 234.6 |
449.2 |
36.4 |
290.0 |
113 |
39.0 |
23.5 |
25.2 |
|
1991 |
1 524.3 |
606.5 |
39.8 |
345.3 |
137.4 |
39.8 |
22.7 |
22.7 | |
|
1995 |
1 702.1 |
658.1 |
38.7 |
343.7 |
131.5 |
38.3 |
20.2 |
20.0 | |
|
1997 |
1 830.5 |
749.4 |
40.9 |
398.2 |
171.5 |
43.1 |
21.8 |
22.9 | |
|
Solomon Islands |
1985 |
24.0 |
… |
… |
2.6 |
… |
… |
10.8 |
… |
|
1990 |
26.1 |
… |
… |
2.6 |
… |
… |
10.0 |
… | |
|
1995 |
33.1 |
… |
… |
3.9 |
… |
… |
11.8 |
… | |
|
Sri Lanka |
1985 |
5 131.7 |
1 550.4 |
30.2 |
513.9 |
102.8 |
20.0 |
10.0 |
6.6 |
|
1990 |
5 963.7 |
… |
… |
510.5 |
… |
… |
8.6 |
… | |
|
1995 |
5 316.0 |
1 655.0 |
31.1 |
557.1 |
87.7 |
15.7 |
10.5 |
5.3 | |
|
Thailand |
1985 |
25 853.0 |
10 749.0 |
41.6 |
2 591.7 |
1 409.0 |
54.4 |
10.0 |
13.1 |
|
1990 |
30 842.0 |
14 386.0 |
46.6 |
2 976.0 |
1 600.2 |
53.8 |
9.6 |
11.1 | |
|
1995 |
32 512.0 |
14 795.0 |
45.5 |
4 094.4 |
2 202.4 |
53.8 |
12.6 |
14.9 | |
|
1997 |
33 162.0 |
15 041.0 |
45.4 |
4 601.1 |
2 407.0 |
52.3 |
13.9 |
16.0 | |
|
Latin America and the Caribbean | |||||||||
|
Argentina |
1991 |
10 310.0 |
… |
… |
2 141.3 |
… |
… |
20.8 |
… |
|
1995 |
10 348.0 |
3 868.1 |
37.4 |
2 109.6 |
780.6 |
37.0 |
20.4 |
20.2 | |
|
Bahamas |
1991 |
114.3 |
54.1 |
47.3 |
39.2 |
21.9 |
55.9 |
34.3 |
40.5 |
|
1994 |
120.3 |
56.6 |
47.0 |
38.6 |
19.9 |
51.6 |
32.1 |
35.2 | |
|
Barbados |
1985 |
92.1 |
40.1 |
43.5 |
20.1 |
10.8 |
53.7 |
21.8 |
26.9 |
|
1990 |
105.2 |
47.5 |
45.2 |
16.5 |
8.6 |
52.1 |
15.7 |
18.1 | |
|
1995 |
109.9 |
52.1 |
47.4 |
16.6 |
8.5 |
51.2 |
15.1 |
16.3 | |
|
Belize |
1994 |
62.0 |
19.0 |
30.6 |
3.2 |
1.9 |
59.4 |
5.2 |
10.0 |
|
Bermuda |
1986 |
33.4 |
15.7 |
47.0 |
11.8 |
5.9 |
50.0 |
35.3 |
37.6 |
|
1990 |
35.6 |
17.2 |
48.3 |
11.7 |
6.0 |
51.3 |
32.9 |
34.9 | |
|
1995 |
34.1 |
17.1 |
50.1 |
10.7 |
5.4 |
50.5 |
31.4 |
31.6 | |
|
1997 |
35.3 |
17.6 |
49.9 |
10.9 |
5.6 |
51.4 |
30.9 |
31.8 | |
|
Bolivia |
1990 |
921.3 |
377.8 |
41.0 |
235.5 |
160.5 |
68.2 |
25.6 |
42.5 |
|
1995 |
1 256.6 |
548.5 |
43.6 |
420.4 |
255.1 |
60.7 |
33.5 |
46.5 | |
|
Brazil |
1985 |
53 761.0 |
17 940.0 |
33.4 |
5 869.0 |
1 871.0 |
31.9 |
10.9 |
10.4 |
|
1990 |
62 100.0 |
22 083.0 |
35.6 |
7 976.0 |
2 916.0 |
36.6 |
12.8 |
13.2 | |
|
1995 |
69 629.0 |
27 765.0 |
39.9 |
9 117.0 |
3 564.0 |
39.1 |
13.1 |
12.8 | |
|
British Virgin Islands |
1990 |
9.1 |
… |
… |
3.4 |
… |
… |
37.1 |
… |
|
1994 |
10.9 |
5.2 |
48.2 |
4.0 |
2.1 |
52.4 |
36.9 |
40.1 | |
|
Colombia |
1985 |
3 099.9 |
1 183.4 |
38.2 |
781.1 |
299.9 |
38.4 |
25.2 |
25.3 |
|
1990 |
4 324.7 |
1 699.3 |
39.3 |
1 087.3 |
458.6 |
42.2 |
25.1 |
27.0 | |
|
1995 |
5 494.1 |
2 297.4 |
41.8 |
1 412.7 |
659.5 |
46.7 |
25.7 |
28.7 | |
|
1997 |
5 702.1 |
2 493.0 |
43.7 |
1 451.3 |
681.4 |
47.0 |
25.5 |
27.3 | |
|
Costa Rica |
1985 |
826.8 |
213.4 |
25.8 |
156.4 |
51.0 |
32.6 |
18.9 |
23.9 |
|
1990 |
1 017.2 |
286.2 |
28.1 |
159.2 |
60.0 |
37.7 |
15.7 |
21.0 | |
|
1996 |
1 145.0 |
336.9 |
29.4 |
224.8 |
83.7 |
37.2 |
19.6 |
24.8 | |
|
1997 |
1 227.3 |
378.1 |
30.8 |
234.2 |
89.5 |
38.2 |
19.1 |
23.7 | |
|
Dominican Republic |
1991 |
2 251.7 |
643.8 |
28.6 |
483.6 |
165.9 |
34.3 |
21.5 |
25.8 |
|
1995 |
2 400.7 |
745.0 |
31.0 |
559.1 |
106.8 |
19.1 |
23.3 |
14.3 | |
|
1997 |
2 652.0 |
760.6 |
28.7 |
647.6 |
231.9 |
35.8 |
24.4 |
30.5 | |
|
Ecuador |
1990 |
2 330.5 |
830.6 |
35.6 |
630.9 |
303.2 |
48.1 |
27.1 |
36.5 |
|
1995 |
2 891.7 |
1 117.2 |
38.6 |
917.7 |
453.4 |
49.4 |
31.7 |
40.6 | |
|
1997 |
3 062.2 |
1 152.6 |
37.6 |
870.9 |
412.0 |
47.3 |
28.4 |
35.7 | |
|
El Salvador |
1985 |
1 373.2 |
472.5 |
34.4 |
240.8 |
161.4 |
67.0 |
17.5 |
34.2 |
|
1990 |
884.9 |
396.7 |
44.8 |
243.2 |
154.5 |
63.5 |
27.5 |
38.9 | |
|
1995 |
1 973.0 |
746.1 |
37.8 |
399.3 |
226.5 |
56.7 |
20.2 |
30.4 | |
|
1997 |
2 076.0 |
783.9 |
37.8 |
445.1 |
257.7 |
57.9 |
21.4 |
32.9 | |
|
Guatemala |
1985 |
631.7 |
… |
… |
58.4 |
… |
… |
9.2 |
… |
|
1990 |
785.8 |
… |
… |
84.4 |
… |
… |
10.7 |
… | |
|
1995 |
855.6 |
… |
… |
120.0 |
… |
… |
14.0 |
… | |
|
Honduras |
1985 |
280.7 |
118.6 |
42.3 |
68.7 |
30.6 |
44.5 |
24.5 |
25.8 |
|
1990 |
1 212.9 |
309.4 |
25.5 |
171.1 |
102.3 |
59.8 |
14.1 |
33.1 | |
|
1995 |
1 806.5 |
539.9 |
29.9 |
294.1 |
166.2 |
56.5 |
16.3 |
30.8 | |
|
1997 |
2 088.5 |
714.0 |
34.2 |
393.8 |
236.5 |
60.1 |
18.9 |
33.1 | |
|
Jamaica |
1990 |
154.5 |
… |
… |
29.8 |
… |
… |
19.3 |
… |
|
Mexico |
1991 |
30 534.0 |
9 277.2 |
30.4 |
6 149.6 |
2 886.2 |
46.9 |
20.1 |
31.1 |
|
1995 |
33 881.0 |
10 854.0 |
32.0 |
7 799.3 |
3 918.2 |
50.2 |
23.0 |
36.1 | |
|
1997 |
37 291.0 |
12 528.0 |
33.6 |
7 881.3 |
3 865.4 |
49.0 |
21.1 |
30.9 | |
|
Netherlands Antilles |
1990 |
47.5 |
… |
… |
11.5 |
… |
… |
24.2 |
… |
|
1995 |
… |
… |
… |
14.0 |
… |
… |
… |
… | |
|
1997 |
56.2 |
… |
… |
14.6 |
… |
… |
26.0 |
… | |
|
Nicaragua |
1985 |
289.8 |
… |
… |
24.6 |
… |
… |
8.5 |
… |
|
1990 |
258.4 |
… |
… |
22.8 |
… |
… |
8.8 |
… | |
|
1995 |
208.2 |
… |
… |
21.9 |
… |
… |
10.5 |
… | |
|
1997 |
234.3 |
… |
… |
25.9 |
… |
… |
11.1 |
… | |
|
Panama |
1985 |
627.0 |
185.2 |
29.5 |
87.1 |
35.7 |
41.0 |
13.9 |
19.3 |
|
1991 |
781.6 |
… |
… |
152.5 |
… |
… |
19.5 |
… | |
|
1995 |
866.7 |
279.5 |
32.2 |
179.6 |
69.0 |
38.4 |
20.7 |
24.7 | |
|
1997 |
911.7 |
… |
… |
203.1 |
… |
… |
22.3 |
… | |
|
Paraguay |
1985 |
407.0 |
176.3 |
43.3 |
92.7 |
48.3 |
52.1 |
22.8 |
27.4 |
|
1990 |
486.1 |
200.0 |
41.1 |
116.2 |
56.3 |
48.5 |
23.9 |
28.2 | |
|
1996 |
1 190.4 |
505.6 |
42.5 |
398.5 |
199.7 |
50.1 |
33.5 |
39.5 | |
|
Peru |
1996 |
6 130.5 |
2 508.0 |
40.9 |
2 243.2 |
1 210.3 |
54.0 |
36.6 |
48.3 |
|
1997 |
6 746.9 |
2 922.9 |
43.3 |
2 427.3 |
1 446.1 |
59.6 |
36.0 |
49.5 | |
|
Puerto Rico |
1985 |
776.0 |
290.0 |
37.4 |
149.0 |
43.0 |
28.9 |
19.2 |
14.8 |
|
1990 |
971.0 |
375.0 |
38.6 |
190.0 |
61.0 |
32.1 |
19.6 |
16.3 | |
|
1995 |
1 074.0 |
439.0 |
40.9 |
217.0 |
82.0 |
37.8 |
20.2 |
18.7 | |
|
1997 |
1 132.0 |
464.0 |
41.0 |
233.0 |
92.0 |
39.5 |
20.6 |
19.8 | |
|
Suriname |
1990 |
81.7 |
31.4 |
38.4 |
12.8 |
5.8 |
45.3 |
15.7 |
18.5 |
|
1995 |
82.5 |
28.1 |
34.1 |
12.9 |
4.8 |
37.2 |
15.6 |
17.1 | |
|
Trinidad and Tobago |
1985 |
392.2 |
128.6 |
32.8 |
93.6 |
50.2 |
53.6 |
23.9 |
39.0 |
|
1990 |
374.1 |
120.7 |
32.3 |
62.8 |
30.0 |
47.8 |
16.8 |
24.9 | |
|
1995 |
431.5 |
154.0 |
35.7 |
80.6 |
43.0 |
53.3 |
18.7 |
27.9 | |
|
United States Virgin Islands |
1985 |
37.1 |
… |
… |
11.2 |
… |
… |
30.2 |
… |
|
1990 |
43.5 |
… |
… |
13.1 |
… |
… |
30.1 |
… | |
|
1995 |
42.2 |
… |
… |
13.8 |
… |
… |
32.7 |
… | |
|
1997 |
41.3 |
… |
… |
12.5 |
… |
… |
30.3 |
… | |
|
Uruguay |
1986 |
1 021.2 |
395.0 |
38.7 |
174.0 |
63.9 |
36.7 |
17.0 |
16.2 |
|
1990 |
1 136.2 |
449.3 |
39.5 |
203.4 |
78.9 |
38.8 |
17.9 |
17.6 | |
|
1995 |
1 206.0 |
498.8 |
41.4 |
236.5 |
101.2 |
42.8 |
19.6 |
20.3 | |
|
Venezuela |
1985 |
5 106.1 |
1 413.9 |
27.7 |
1 001.9 |
313.8 |
31.3 |
19.6 |
22.2 |
|
1990 |
6 402.2 |
1 951.3 |
30.5 |
1 341.2 |
438.6 |
32.7 |
20.9 |
22.5 | |
|
1995 |
7 669.6 |
2 489.6 |
32.5 |
1 738.7 |
690.4 |
39.7 |
22.7 |
27.7 | |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||||||
|
Botswana |
1985 |
116.8 |
33.9 |
29.0 |
18.3 |
7.8 |
42.6 |
15.7 |
23.0 |
|
1990 |
208.8 |
69.4 |
33.2 |
38.3 |
19.7 |
51.4 |
18.3 |
28.4 | |
|
1995 |
233.5 |
89.1 |
38.2 |
45.7 |
24.0 |
52.5 |
19.6 |
26.9 | |
|
1997 |
225.9 |
… |
… |
41.1 |
… |
… |
18.2 |
… | |
|
Burundi |
1985 |
44.7 |
… |
… |
4.2 |
… |
… |
9.4 |
… |
|
1990 |
47.3 |
… |
… |
3.7 |
… |
… |
7.8 |
… | |
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
1985 |
406.0 |
… |
… |
28.5 |
… |
… |
7.0 |
… |
|
1990 |
385.0 |
… |
… |
25.9 |
… |
… |
6.7 |
… | |
|
Central African Republic |
1985 |
19.8 |
… |
… |
3.6 |
… |
… |
18.2 |
… |
|
1990 |
15.0 |
… |
… |
4.3 |
… |
… |
28.7 |
… | |
|
Chad |
1986 |
8.9 |
0.5 |
5.6 |
1.3 |
… |
… |
14.6 |
… |
|
1990 |
9.9 |
0.4 |
4.0 |
0.4 |
… |
… |
4.0 |
… | |
|
Eritrea |
1996 |
57.8 |
18.2 |
31.5 |
11.2 |
0.9 |
8.0 |
19.4 |
4.9 |
|
Ethiopia |
1987 |
539.5 |
124.8 |
23.1 |
14.5 |
6.0 |
41.4 |
2.7 |
4.8 |
|
1993 |
682.9 |
178.3 |
26.1 |
30.3 |
11.4 |
37.6 |
4.4 |
6.4 | |
|
Ghana |
1985 |
464.3 |
… |
… |
23.1 |
… |
… |
5.0 |
… |
|
1990 |
229.6 |
… |
… |
10.7 |
… |
… |
4.7 |
… | |
|
Kenya |
1985 |
1 174.4 |
230.9 |
19.7 |
89.7 |
14.1 |
15.7 |
7.6 |
6.1 |
|
1990 |
1 409.0 |
308.5 |
21.9 |
114.0 |
18.5 |
16.2 |
8.1 |
6.0 | |
|
1997 |
1 647.4 |
504.6 |
30.6 |
148.2 |
57.9 |
39.1 |
9.0 |
11.5 | |
|
Malawi |
1985 |
415.2 |
… |
… |
39.3 |
… |
… |
9.5 |
… |
|
1990 |
473.4 |
… |
… |
26.7 |
… |
… |
5.6 |
… | |
|
1995 |
563.9 |
… |
… |
28.0 |
… |
… |
5.0 |
… | |
|
Mauritius |
1985 |
203.6 |
64.4 |
31.6 |
9.3 |
1.9 |
20.4 |
4.6 |
3.0 |
|
1990 |
283.5 |
99.1 |
35.0 |
16.8 |
3.9 |
23.2 |
5.9 |
3.9 | |
|
1995 |
289.6 |
103.8 |
35.8 |
24.5 |
6.2 |
25.3 |
8.5 |
6.0 | |
|
1997 |
286.3 |
102.9 |
35.9 |
26.3 |
6.6 |
25.1 |
9.2 |
6.4 | |
|
Niger |
1985 |
22.5 |
1.6 |
7.1 |
2.0 |
0.3 |
15.0 |
8.9 |
18.8 |
|
1990 |
25.2 |
2.7 |
10.7 |
3.1 |
0.6 |
19.4 |
12.3 |
22.2 | |
|
South Africa |
1985 |
… |
… |
… |
755.7 |
… |
… |
… |
… |
|
1990 |
… |
… |
… |
791.1 |
… |
… |
… |
… | |
|
1993 |
… |
… |
… |
764.4 |
… |
… |
… |
… | |
|
Swaziland |
1985 |
72.9 |
20.2 |
27.7 |
7.1 |
3 |
42.3 |
9.7 |
14.9 |
|
1990 |
92.0 |
… |
… |
12.9 |
… |
… |
14.0 |
… | |
|
1995 |
87.0 |
25.1 |
28.9 |
9.8 |
4.3 |
43.9 |
11.3 |
17.1 | |
|
Togo |
1985 |
61.2 |
… |
… |
8.2 |
… |
… |
13.4 |
… |
|
1990 |
57.3 |
… |
… |
8.2 |
… |
… |
14.3 |
… | |
|
1995 |
53.9 |
… |
… |
5.7 |
… |
… |
10.6 |
… | |
|
Zimbabwe |
1985 |
1 055.0 |
189.4 |
18.0 |
78.3 |
12.1 |
15.5 |
7.4 |
6.4 |
|
1990 |
1 192.2 |
214.5 |
18.0 |
96.0 |
14.4 |
15.0 |
8.1 |
6.7 | |
|
1995 |
1 239.6 |
255.9 |
20.6 |
100.6 |
15.8 |
15.7 |
8.1 |
6.2 | |
|
Middle East and North Africa | |||||||||
|
Bahrain |
1987 |
86.0 |
5.7 |
6.6 |
13.7 |
0.8 |
5.8 |
15.9 |
14.0 |
|
1990 |
92.4 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
15.7 |
0.9 |
5.7 |
17.0 |
12.9 | |
|
1994 |
1 15.8 |
11.8 |
10.2 |
20.9 |
1.6 |
7.7 |
18.0 |
13.6 | |
|
1997 |
1 24.1 |
13.1 |
10.6 |
23.8 |
2.2 |
9.2 |
19.2 |
16.8 | |
|
Egypt |
1984 |
11 819.0 |
2 085.7 |
17.6 |
1 009.3 |
160.5 |
15.9 |
8.5 |
7.7 |
|
1990 |
14 361.0 |
3 410.2 |
23.7 |
1 380.8 |
250.9 |
18.2 |
9.6 |
7.4 | |
|
1995 |
15 344.0 |
2 948.4 |
19.2 |
1 587.7 |
209.1 |
13.2 |
10.3 |
7.1 | |
|
Jordan |
1985 |
164.0 |
35.8 |
21.8 |
9.8 |
0.6 |
6.1 |
6.0 |
1.7 |
|
1990 |
227.1 |
52.5 |
23.1 |
11.8 |
0.9 |
7.6 |
5.2 |
1.7 | |
|
1993 |
311.0 |
70.7 |
22.7 |
23.9 |
1.7 |
7.1 |
7.7 |
2.4 | |
|
Morocco |
1991 |
3 399.9 |
809.1 |
23.8 |
712.5 |
63.3 |
8.9 |
21.0 |
7.8 |
|
Syrian Arab Republic |
1984 |
2 246.3 |
300.5 |
13.4 |
252.9 |
9.4 |
3.7 |
11.3 |
3.1 |
|
1991 |
3 249.9 |
539.6 |
16.6 |
378.3 |
9.3 |
2.5 |
11.6 |
1.7 | |
|
Tunisia |
1989 |
1 978.8 |
386.0 |
19.5 |
262.9 |
17.4 |
6.6 |
13.3 |
4.5 |
|
1994 |
2 320.6 |
534.9 |
23.1 |
293.6 |
30.6 |
10.4 |
12.7 |
5.7 | |
|
… = not available.
| |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
Total unemployment and unemployment in wholesale and
retail trade by sex (selected countries and various years)
|
| |||||||||
|
Country or territory |
Year |
Total unemployment |
Unemployment in wholesale and retail trade1 | ||||||
|
Total
|
Women
|
Share of
|
Total
|
Women
|
Share of
|
As % of total unemployment | |||
|
Total |
Women | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||
|
Developed (industrialized) countries | |||||||||
|
Australia |
1985 |
572.0 |
223.6 |
39.0 |
70.6 |
30.9 |
43.8 |
12.3 |
13.8 |
|
1990 |
584.8 |
252.5 |
43.2 |
97.0 |
44.3 |
45.7 |
16.6 |
17.5 | |
|
1995 |
766.3 |
311.3 |
40.6 |
95.6 |
38.8 |
40.6 |
12.5 |
12.5 | |
|
1997 |
791.1 |
330.1 |
41.7 |
101.8 |
39.3 |
38.6 |
12.9 |
11.9 | |
|
Austria |
1985 |
120.7 |
46.8 |
38.8 |
28.1 |
16.8 |
59.8 |
23.3 |
35.9 |
|
1990 |
114.8 |
51.8 |
45.1 |
27.0 |
16.7 |
61.9 |
23.5 |
32.2 | |
|
1995 |
143.7 |
72.2 |
50.2 |
39.7 |
24.4 |
61.5 |
27.6 |
33.8 | |
|
1997 |
164.8 |
77.5 |
47.0 |
46.1 |
27.6 |
59.9 |
28.0 |
35.6 | |
|
Belgium |
1985 |
476.6 |
267.4 |
56.1 |
71.6 |
51.0 |
71.2 |
15.0 |
19.1 |
|
1990 |
347.9 |
210.1 |
60.4 |
59.1 |
43.8 |
74.1 |
17.0 |
20.8 | |
|
1995 |
500.0 |
286.3 |
57.3 |
85.8 |
61.2 |
71.3 |
17.2 |
21.4 | |
|
1997 |
458.4 |
260.3 |
56.8 |
73.9 |
51.7 |
70.0 |
16.1 |
19.9 | |
|
Canada |
1985 |
1 311.0 |
572.0 |
43.6 |
321.0 |
165.0 |
51.4 |
24.5 |
28.8 |
|
1990 |
1 109.0 |
496.0 |
44.7 |
282.0 |
153.0 |
54.3 |
25.4 |
30.8 | |
|
1995 |
1 442.1 |
621.0 |
43.1 |
244.3 |
121.7 |
49.8 |
16.9 |
19.6 | |
|
1997 |
1 413.5 |
… |
… |
227.9 |
… |
16.1 |
… | ||
|
Cyprus |
1985 |
8.3 |
3.7 |
44.4 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
61.1 |
20.8 |
28.6 |
|
1990 |
5.1 |
2.6 |
51.0 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
54.5 |
21.6 |
23.1 | |
|
1995 |
7.9 |
4.3 |
54.4 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
56.5 |
29.1 |
30.2 | |
|
Denmark |
1985 |
199.5 |
110.9 |
55.6 |
26.8 |
19.3 |
71.9 |
13.4 |
17.4 |
|
1990 |
242.4 |
119.6 |
49.3 |
37.9 |
23.3 |
61.5 |
15.6 |
19.5 | |
|
1995 |
195.5 |
109.9 |
56.2 |
35.6 |
22.0 |
61.8 |
18.2 |
20.0 | |
|
1997 |
174.2 |
99.5 |
57.1 |
32.7 |
18.4 |
56.3 |
18.8 |
18.5 | |
|
Finland |
1985 |
129.0 |
56.0 |
43.4 |
14.0 |
9.0 |
64.3 |
10.9 |
16.1 |
|
1990 |
88.0 |
34.0 |
38.6 |
10.0 |
5.0 |
50.0 |
11.4 |
14.7 | |
|
1995 |
430.0 |
198.0 |
46.0 |
55.0 |
32.0 |
58.2 |
12.8 |
16.2 | |
|
1997 |
367.0 |
182.0 |
49.6 |
31.0 |
23.0 |
74.2 |
8.4 |
12.6 | |
|
Germany |
1995 |
4 035.0 |
… |
… |
728.0 |
458.0 |
62.9 |
18.0 |
… |
|
1997 |
3 893.0 |
… |
… |
675.0 |
411.0 |
… |
17.3 |
… | |
|
Greece |
1985 |
303.9 |
162.0 |
53.3 |
17.4 |
9.3 |
53.4 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
|
1990 |
280.8 |
173.7 |
61.9 |
18.2 |
10.8 |
59.3 |
6.5 |
6.2 | |
|
1995 |
424.7 |
248.6 |
58.5 |
57.6 |
31.0 |
53.8 |
13.6 |
12.5 | |
|
1997 |
440.3 |
267.3 |
60.7 |
61.0 |
34.2 |
56.1 |
13.9 |
12.8 | |
|
Iceland |
1991 |
3.6 |
1.9 |
52.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
83.3 |
16.7 |
26.3 |
|
1995 |
7.2 |
3.4 |
47.2 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
63.6 |
15.3 |
20.6 | |
|
1997 |
5.7 |
3.1 |
54.4 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
55.6 |
15.8 |
16.1 | |
|
Ireland |
1986 |
225.5 |
79.1 |
35.1 |
24.2 |
9.5 |
39.3 |
10.7 |
12.0 |
|
1990 |
172.4 |
63.9 |
37.1 |
25.0 |
10.6 |
42.4 |
14.5 |
16.6 | |
|
1995 |
177.4 |
67.1 |
37.8 |
29.6 |
13.9 |
47.0 |
16.7 |
20.7 | |
|
1997 |
159.0 |
62.0 |
39.0 |
25.5 |
12.5 |
49.0 |
16.0 |
20.2 | |
|
Israel |
1985 |
98.5 |
40.6 |
41.2 |
7.9 |
2.9 |
36.7 |
8.0 |
7.1 |
|
1990 |
158.0 |
75.9 |
48.0 |
15.9 |
6.6 |
41.5 |
10.1 |
8.7 | |
|
1995 |
145.0 |
78.4 |
54.1 |
18.6 |
9.0 |
48.4 |
12.8 |
11.5 | |
|
1997 |
169.8 |
85.2 |
50.2 |
23.7 |
12.8 |
54.0 |
14.0 |
15.0 | |
|
Japan |
1985 |
1 640.0 |
630.0 |
38.4 |
250.0 |
120.0 |
48.0 |
15.2 |
19.0 |
|
1990 |
1 420.0 |
590.0 |
41.5 |
170.0 |
90.0 |
52.9 |
12.0 |
15.3 | |
|
1995 |
1 990.0 |
820.0 |
41.2 |
300.0 |
140.0 |
46.7 |
15.1 |
17.1 | |
|
1997 |
2 290.0 |
960.0 |
41.9 |
360.0 |
170.0 |
47.2 |
15.7 |
17.7 | |
|
New Zealand |
1986 |
63.5 |
31.1 |
49.0 |
11.9 |
7.7 |
64.7 |
18.7 |
24.8 |
|
1990 |
124.1 |
50.1 |
40.4 |
23.8 |
12.2 |
51.3 |
19.2 |
24.4 | |
|
1995 |
109.5 |
48.7 |
44.5 |
18.9 |
9.8 |
51.9 |
17.3 |
20.1 | |
|
1997 |
120.9 |
54.4 |
45.0 |
22.3 |
11.7 |
52.5 |
18.4 |
21.5 | |
|
Norway |
1985 |
53.0 |
28.0 |
52.8 |
8.0 |
5.0 |
62.5 |
15.1 |
17.9 |
|
1990 |
112.0 |
46.0 |
41.1 |
13.0 |
7.0 |
53.8 |
11.6 |
15.2 | |
|
1995 |
107.0 |
46.0 |
43.0 |
12.0 |
7.0 |
58.3 |
11.2 |
15.2 | |
|
Portugal |
1992 |
194.1 |
103.4 |
53.3 |
37.9 |
21.2 |
55.9 |
19.5 |
20.5 |
|
1995 |
338.4 |
172.6 |
51.0 |
75.4 |
43.6 |
57.8 |
22.3 |
25.3 | |
|
1997 |
324.1 |
165.6 |
51.1 |
76.7 |
43.7 |
57.0 |
23.7 |
26.4 | |
|
Spain |
1985 |
2 938.6 |
1 031.5 |
35.1 |
289.5 |
110.0 |
38.0 |
9.9 |
10.7 |
|
1990 |
2 441.2 |
1 275.1 |
52.2 |
296.5 |
166.9 |
56.3 |
12.1 |
13.1 | |
|
1995 |
3 583.5 |
1 829.7 |
51.1 |
516.5 |
272.2 |
52.7 |
14.4 |
14.9 | |
|
1997 |
3 356.4 |
1 774.9 |
52.9 |
433.1 |
239.0 |
55.2 |
12.9 |
13.5 | |
|
Sweden |
1985 |
125.0 |
60.0 |
48.0 |
20.0 |
12.0 |
60.0 |
16.0 |
20.0 |
|
1990 |
75.0 |
36.0 |
48.0 |
12.0 |
7.0 |
58.3 |
16.0 |
19.4 | |
|
1995 |
333.0 |
142.0 |
42.6 |
60.0 |
30.0 |
50.0 |
18.0 |
21.1 | |
|
1997 |
342.0 |
154.0 |
45.0 |
58.0 |
33.0 |
56.9 |
17.0 |
21.4 | |
|
Turkey |
1985 |
2 040.0 |
609.0 |
29.9 |
83.0 |
8.0 |
9.6 |
4.1 |
1.3 |
|
1990 |
1 615.0 |
512.0 |
31.7 |
133.0 |
23.0 |
17.3 |
8.2 |
4.5 | |
|
1995 |
1 522.0 |
470.0 |
30.9 |
164.0 |
33.0 |
20.1 |
10.8 |
7.0 | |
|
1997 |
1 545.0 |
550.0 |
35.6 |
175.0 |
39.0 |
22.3 |
11.3 |
7.1 | |
|
United Kingdom |
1990 |
1 973.8 |
… |
… |
307.0 |
154.8 |
50.4 |
15.6 |
… |
|
1995 |
2 453.6 |
846.3 |
34.5 |
481.1 |
202.5 |
42.1 |
19.6 |
23.9 | |
|
1997 |
2 034.2 |
730.6 |
35.9 |
397.4 |
171.3 |
43.1 |
19.5 |
23.4 | |
|
United States |
1985 |
8 312.0 |
3 791.0 |
45.6 |
1 731.0 |
944.0 |
54.5 |
20.8 |
24.9 |
|
1990 |
7 047.0 |
3 140.0 |
44.6 |
1 587.0 |
814.0 |
51.3 |
22.5 |
25.9 | |
|
1995 |
7 404.0 |
3 421.0 |
46.2 |
1 733.0 |
916.0 |
52.9 |
23.4 |
26.8 | |
|
1997 |
6 739.0 |
3 162.0 |
46.9 |
1 694.0 |
899.0 |
53.1 |
25.1 |
28.4 | |
|
Transition economies | |||||||||
|
Croatia |
1995 |
240.6 |
124.2 |
51.6 |
19.8 |
12.9 |
65.2 |
8.2 |
10.4 |
|
1997 |
287.1 |
145.8 |
50.8 |
61.4 |
40.1 |
65.3 |
21.4 |
27.5 | |
|
Czech Republic |
1995 |
181.4 |
96.9 |
53.4 |
27.9 |
19.6 |
70.3 |
15.4 |
20.2 |
|
1997 |
241.8 |
112.5 |
46.5 |
45.7 |
31.1 |
68.1 |
18.9 |
27.6 | |
|
Estonia |
1995 |
15.6 |
10.5 |
67.3 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
78.9 |
12.2 |
14.3 |
|
Hungary |
1992 |
444.2 |
178.3 |
40.1 |
60.9 |
34.5 |
56.7 |
13.7 |
19.3 |
|
1995 |
416.5 |
155.0 |
37.2 |
60.8 |
34.1 |
56.1 |
14.6 |
22.0 | |
|
1997 |
348.8 |
134.7 |
38.6 |
49.7 |
25.9 |
52.1 |
14.2 |
19.2 | |
|
Latvia |
1995 |
227.0 |
100.5 |
44.3 |
25.3 |
15.2 |
60.1 |
11.1 |
15.1 |
|
1997 |
171.2 |
83.2 |
48.6 |
25.3 |
15.4 |
60.9 |
14.8 |
18.5 | |
|
Lithuania |
1997 |
255.9 |
135.3 |
52.9 |
39.7 |
15.4 |
38.8 |
15.5 |
11.4 |
|
Poland |
1995 |
2 277.0 |
1 157.0 |
50.8 |
375.0 |
255.0 |
68.0 |
16.5 |
22.0 |
|
1997 |
1 923.0 |
1 035.0 |
53.8 |
337.0 |
240.0 |
71.2 |
17.5 |
23.2 | |
|
Romania |
1995 |
967.9 |
480.3 |
49.6 |
89.6 |
60.5 |
67.5 |
9.3 |
12.6 |
|
1997 |
706.5 |
342.2 |
48.4 |
65.0 |
42.8 |
65.8 |
9.2 |
12.5 | |
|
Slovakia |
1995 |
324.5 |
152.8 |
47.1 |
49.0 |
33.9 |
69.2 |
15.1 |
22.2 |
|
1997 |
287.1 |
140.6 |
49.0 |
38.1 |
25.6 |
67.2 |
13.3 |
18.2 | |
|
Slovenia |
1995 |
70.0 |
31.0 |
44.3 |
9.0 |
5.0 |
55.6 |
12.9 |
16.1 |
|
1997 |
69.0 |
32.0 |
46.4 |
9.0 |
6.0 |
66.7 |
13.0 |
18.8 | |
|
Asia and the Pacific | |||||||||
|
Hong Kong, China |
1985 |
83.6 |
25.1 |
30.0 |
17.6 |
5.5 |
31.3 |
21.1 |
21.9 |
|
1990 |
36.6 |
13.3 |
36.3 |
9.8 |
4.8 |
49.0 |
26.8 |
36.1 | |
|
1995 |
95.6 |
33.3 |
34.8 |
26.0 |
11.4 |
43.8 |
27.2 |
34.2 | |
|
1997 |
71.3 |
25.6 |
35.9 |
22.8 |
10.4 |
45.6 |
32.0 |
40.6 | |
|
Korea, Republic of |
1985 |
621.0 |
142.0 |
22.9 |
91.0 |
21.0 |
23.1 |
14.7 |
14.8 |
|
1992 |
465.0 |
160.0 |
34.4 |
70.0 |
24.0 |
34.3 |
15.1 |
15.0 | |
|
1995 |
419.0 |
139.0 |
33.2 |
87.0 |
30.0 |
34.5 |
20.8 |
21.6 | |
|
1997 |
556.0 |
204.0 |
36.7 |
110.0 |
45.0 |
40.9 |
19.8 |
22.1 | |
|
Macau |
1990 |
5.3 |
2.8 |
52.8 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
50.0 |
15.1 |
14.3 |
|
1995 |
6.7 |
2.4 |
35.8 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
54.5 |
16.4 |
25.0 | |
|
1997 |
6.5 |
2.3 |
35.4 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
38.1 |
32.3 |
34.8 | |
|
Pakistan |
1985 |
1 042.0 |
… |
… |
47.0 |
… |
4.5 |
… | |
|
1990 |
996.0 |
… |
… |
50.0 |
… |
5.0 |
… | ||
|
1995 |
1 893.0 |
… |
… |
18.0 |
… |
1.0 |
… | ||
|
Singapore |
1985 |
53.2 |
19.1 |
35.9 |
11.9 |
4.9 |
41.2 |
22.4 |
25.7 |
|
1991 |
25.8 |
8.2 |
31.8 |
7.0 |
2.8 |
40.0 |
27.1 |
34.1 | |
|
1996 |
53.8 |
22.8 |
42.4 |
13.0 |
6.0 |
46.2 |
24.2 |
26.3 | |
|
1997 |
45.5 |
18.7 |
41.1 |
10.2 |
4.1 |
40.2 |
22.4 |
21.9 | |
|
Latin America and the Caribbean | |||||||||
|
Argentina |
1991 |
696.0 |
… |
… |
154.3 |
… |
… |
22.2 |
… |
|
1995 |
1 959.0 |
835.9 |
42.7 |
371.0 |
184.3 |
49.7 |
18.9 |
22.0 | |
|
Bahamas |
1986 |
13.5 |
7.8 |
57.8 |
3.6 |
2.0 |
56.0 |
26.9 |
26.0 |
|
1991 |
16.0 |
7.7 |
48.1 |
4.4 |
2.7 |
61.4 |
27.5 |
35.1 | |
|
1994 |
18.4 |
9.3 |
50.5 |
5.5 |
3.7 |
67.3 |
29.9 |
39.8 | |
|
Barbados |
1985 |
21.7 |
13.0 |
59.9 |
4.3 |
2.8 |
65.1 |
19.8 |
21.5 |
|
1990 |
18.6 |
12.0 |
64.5 |
2.7 |
1.7 |
63.0 |
14.5 |
14.2 | |
|
1995 |
26.9 |
15.5 |
57.6 |
4.3 |
2.8 |
65.1 |
16.0 |
18.1 | |
|
Bolivia |
1990 |
79.2 |
31.0 |
39.1 |
7.2 |
3.3 |
45.8 |
9.1 |
10.6 |
|
1995 |
47.5 |
23.1 |
48.6 |
10.4 |
6.6 |
63.5 |
21.9 |
28.6 | |
|
Chile |
1985 |
516.5 |
169.8 |
32.9 |
62.3 |
27.3 |
43.8 |
12.1 |
16.1 |
|
1990 |
268.9 |
84.0 |
31.2 |
41.5 |
21.2 |
51.1 |
15.4 |
25.2 | |
|
1995 |
248.1 |
89.8 |
36.2 |
42.0 |
20.5 |
48.8 |
16.9 |
22.8 | |
|
1997 |
303.6 |
122.8 |
40.4 |
59.6 |
31.8 |
53.4 |
19.6 |
25.9 | |
|
Colombia |
1985 |
499.9 |
… |
… |
129.7 |
… |
25.9 |
… | |
|
1990 |
491.6 |
… |
… |
131.6 |
… |
26.8 |
… | ||
|
1991 |
… |
299.4 |
… |
… |
99.5 |
… |
… |
33.2 | |
|
1995 |
524.6 |
293.2 |
55.9 |
146.1 |
100.9 |
69.1 |
27.8 |
34.4 | |
|
1997 |
786.3 |
431.0 |
54.8 |
213.7 |
143.0 |
66.9 |
27.2 |
33.2 | |
|
Costa Rica |
1985 |
60.8 |
18.3 |
30.1 |
8.5 |
2.9 |
34.8 |
13.9 |
16.1 |
|
1990 |
49.5 |
17.8 |
36.0 |
8.1 |
4.1 |
50.6 |
16.4 |
23.0 | |
|
1996 |
75.9 |
30.6 |
40.3 |
14.1 |
7.3 |
51.8 |
18.6 |
23.9 | |
|
1997 |
74.3 |
30.8 |
41.5 |
15.1 |
6.9 |
45.7 |
20.3 |
22.4 | |
|
Dominican Republic |
1991 |
547.5 |
317.8 |
58.0 |
16.4 |
4.8 |
29.3 |
3.0 |
1.5 |
|
1996 |
505.7 |
287.2 |
56.8 |
57.7 |
26.9 |
46.6 |
11.4 |
9.4 | |
|
1997 |
503.7 |
304.7 |
60.5 |
55.9 |
29.3 |
52.4 |
11.1 |
9.6 | |
|
Ecuador |
1990 |
150.2 |
83.2 |
55.4 |
19.7 |
12.5 |
63.5 |
13.1 |
15.0 |
|
1995 |
212.7 |
108.4 |
51.0 |
31.2 |
16.5 |
52.9 |
14.7 |
15.2 | |
|
1997 |
311.6 |
168.3 |
54.0 |
51.3 |
30.5 |
59.5 |
16.5 |
18.1 | |
|
El Salvador |
1985 |
280.8 |
152.2 |
54.2 |
22.5 |
17.4 |
77.3 |
8.0 |
11.4 |
|
1990 |
97.9 |
43.1 |
44.0 |
10.4 |
5.8 |
55.8 |
10.6 |
13.5 | |
|
1995 |
163.4 |
46.6 |
28.5 |
14.5 |
4.4 |
30.3 |
8.9 |
9.4 | |
|
1997 |
180.0 |
44.0 |
24.4 |
16.7 |
6.1 |
36.5 |
9.3 |
13.9 | |
|
Honduras |
1990 |
61.7 |
20.3 |
32.9 |
7.7 |
3.3 |
42.9 |
12.5 |
16.3 |
|
1995 |
59.1 |
18.8 |
31.8 |
5.6 |
2.2 |
39.3 |
9.5 |
11.7 | |
|
1997 |
69.4 |
23.9 |
34.4 |
9.0 |
3.2 |
35.6 |
13.0 |
13.4 | |
|
Mexico |
1996 |
1 354.7 |
494.0 |
36.5 |
194.2 |
73.5 |
37.8 |
14.3 |
14.9 |
|
1997 |
1 054.2 |
469.7 |
44.6 |
140.6 |
69.8 |
49.6 |
13.3 |
14.9 | |
|
Panama |
1985 |
88.3 |
42.0 |
47.5 |
10.9 |
6.5 |
59.7 |
12.3 |
15.4 |
|
1991 |
138.4 |
65.6 |
47.4 |
24.4 |
12.9 |
52.9 |
17.6 |
19.7 | |
|
1995 |
141.2 |
70.5 |
49.9 |
30.4 |
17.1 |
56.3 |
21.5 |
24.3 | |
|
1997 |
140.3 |
… |
… |
29.6 |
… |
… |
21.1 |
… | |
|
Paraguay |
1985 |
22.0 |
9.6 |
43.5 |
3.0 |
1.5 |
49.7 |
13.5 |
15.4 |
|
1990 |
34.1 |
13.8 |
40.5 |
4.9 |
3.0 |
61.2 |
14.4 |
21.7 | |
|
1994 |
48.1 |
16.5 |
34.3 |
8.4 |
3.7 |
44.0 |
17.5 |
22.4 | |
|
Peru |
1996 |
461.6 |
214.2 |
46.4 |
97.5 |
60.3 |
61.8 |
21.1 |
28.2 |
|
1997 |
565.0 |
285.1 |
50.5 |
139.8 |
89.0 |
63.7 |
24.7 |
31.2 | |
|
Puerto Rico |
1985 |
216.0 |
56.0 |
25.9 |
29.0 |
7.0 |
24.1 |
13.4 |
12.5 |
|
1990 |
160.0 |
45.0 |
28.1 |
27.0 |
10.0 |
37.0 |
16.9 |
22.2 | |
|
1995 |
… |
53.0 |
… |
32.0 |
11.0 |
34.4 |
… |
20.8 | |
|
1997 |
… |
64.0 |
… |
… |
15.0 |
… |
… |
23.4 | |
|
Trinidad and Tobago |
1985 |
72.8 |
26.4 |
36.3 |
11.6 |
6.8 |
58.6 |
15.9 |
25.8 |
|
1990 |
93.6 |
38.5 |
41.1 |
18.2 |
12.4 |
68.1 |
19.4 |
32.2 | |
|
1995 |
89.4 |
39.9 |
44.6 |
13.0 |
9.1 |
70.0 |
14.5 |
22.8 | |
|
Uruguay |
1986 |
122.0 |
63.9 |
52.4 |
18.9 |
9.8 |
51.9 |
15.5 |
15.3 |
|
1990 |
105.7 |
55.1 |
52.1 |
16.1 |
7.7 |
47.8 |
15.2 |
14.0 | |
|
1995 |
137.5 |
76.0 |
55.3 |
24.5 |
13.3 |
54.3 |
17.8 |
17.5 | |
|
Venezuela |
1985 |
767.1 |
189.6 |
24.7 |
113.6 |
34.6 |
30.5 |
14.8 |
18.3 |
|
1990 |
766.5 |
199.0 |
26.0 |
127.1 |
47.6 |
37.5 |
16.6 |
23.9 | |
|
1995 |
870.4 |
349.2 |
40.1 |
155.5 |
80.5 |
51.8 |
17.9 |
23.1 | |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||||||
|
Botswana |
1995 |
94.5 |
49.1 |
52.0 |
10.1 |
7.2 |
71.3 |
10.7 |
14.7 |
|
Burundi |
1985 |
1.9 |
… |
… |
0.3 |
… |
14.7 |
… | |
|
1990 |
14.5 |
… |
… |
1.3 |
… |
9.0 |
… | ||
|
Ethiopia |
1985 |
17.7 |
5.2 |
29.7 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
29.3 |
6.4 |
6.4 |
|
1990 |
11.2 |
3.2 |
28.6 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
28.6 |
6.3 |
6.3 | |
|
Mauritius |
1995 |
47.6 |
22.1 |
46.4 |
3.9 |
1.4 |
35.9 |
8.2 |
6.3 |
|
Middle East and North Africa | |||||||||
|
Egypt |
1983 |
… |
… |
… |
0.5 |
0.2 |
40.0 |
… |
… |
|
1990 |
1 346.5 |
744.2 |
55.3 |
19.8 |
6.6 |
33.3 |
1.5 |
9 | |
|
1995 |
1 916.9 |
919.7 |
48.0 |
21.5 |
8.0 |
37.2 |
1.1 |
9 | |
|
… = not available.
| |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
Wages in wholesale and retail trade 1 by sex (selected countries and various years)
|
| ||||||||
|
Country
|
Year |
Total |
Men |
Women | ||||
|
Nominal
|
Difference
|
Nominal
|
Difference
|
Nominal
|
Difference
|
Difference
| ||
|
| ||||||||
|
Developed (industrialized) countries | ||||||||
|
Australia (A, b) |
1990 |
11.2 |
-15.2 |
11.7 |
-15.4 |
10.4 |
-12.5 |
-6.7 |
|
1995 |
13.7 |
-13.9 |
14.2 |
-13.4 |
12.8 |
-10.9 |
-7.0 | |
|
Cyprus (D, d) |
1990 |
406.0 |
-24.1 |
489.0 |
-19.8 |
307.0 |
-59.3 |
-2.3 |
|
1995 |
610.0 |
-16.4 |
718.0 |
-14.5 |
476.0 |
-50.8 |
0.0 | |
|
1997 |
665.0 |
-14.6 |
752.0 |
-15.8 |
560.0 |
-34.3 |
5.4 | |
|
Finland (D, d) |
1990 |
7 786.0 |
... |
9 235.0 |
... |
6 902.0 |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
9 057.0 |
... |
10 823.0 |
... |
7 932.0 |
... |
... | |
|
Gibraltar (C, c) |
1990 |
140.3 |
-70.0 |
151.7 |
-63.3 |
122.4 |
-23.9 |
-23.9 |
|
1995 |
186.2 |
-50.0 |
205.0 |
-44.0 |
153.6 |
-33.5 |
-26.2 | |
|
Isle of Man (C, b) |
1992 |
161.0 |
-28.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1997 |
267.0 |
-12.7 |
287.0 |
-10.5 |
233.0 |
-23.2 |
-3.0 | |
|
Israel (D, b) |
1990 |
2 086.0 |
-27.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
3 380.0 |
-29.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Malta (C, b) |
1995 |
60.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Netherlands (A, b) |
1990 |
17.7 |
-21.5 |
20.2 |
-12.9 |
13.6 |
-48.5 |
-25.7 |
|
New Zealand (A, b) |
1990 |
11.9 |
-11.8 |
13.3 |
-7.5 |
10.3 |
-29.1 |
-2.9 |
|
1995 |
13.0 |
-13.1 |
14.5 |
-8.3 |
11.2 |
-29.5 |
-8.0 | |
|
1997 |
13.9 |
-13.7 |
15.5 |
-7.7 |
11.9 |
-30.5 |
-9.2 | |
|
Portugal (D, b) |
1990 |
71 000.0 |
... |
77 800.0 |
... |
58 000.0 |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
110 900.0 |
9.2 |
127 900.0 |
7.0 |
88 200.0 |
-45.0 |
11.5 | |
|
1997 |
127 300.0 |
8.8 |
148 000.0 |
7.5 |
98 700.0 |
-49.9 |
9.9 | |
|
San Marino (B, b) |
1990 |
66 195.0 |
-28.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
100 998.0 |
-26.1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
113 489.0 |
-25.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Spain (D, a) |
1990 |
703.0 |
-28.3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
950.0 |
-32.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Sweden (A, c) |
1990 |
74.6 |
-17.0 |
77.2 |
-15.9 |
73.1 |
-5.6 |
-8.8 |
|
Switzerland (D, d) |
1990 |
... |
... |
5 073.0 |
... |
3 358.0 |
... |
... |
|
1993 |
... |
... |
5 641.0 |
... |
3 752.0 |
... |
... | |
|
Turkey (B, b) |
1990 |
23 574.0 |
-29.7 |
23 370.0 |
-33.6 |
24 805.0 |
5.8 |
-2.0 |
|
1996 |
664 489.0 |
-14.0 |
660 907.0 |
-14.8 |
691 503.0 |
4.4 |
-8.1 | |
|
Transition economies | ||||||||
|
Azerbaijan (D, b) |
1995 |
37 519.0 |
-154.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1997 |
48 615.0 |
-300.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Belarus (D, b) |
1990 |
... |
-19.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
86 486.0 |
-33.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Bulgaria (D, b) |
1990 |
313.0 |
-7.3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Croatia (D, b) |
1990 |
... |
7.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
1 652.0 |
-1.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Estonia (D, b) |
1990 |
333.6 |
-7.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Kazakhstan (D, b) |
1990 |
... |
-28.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
3 341.0 |
-95.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Lithuania (D, b) |
1992 |
4717 |
-24.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Moldova, Rep. of (D, b) |
1990 |
190.0 |
-51.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Russian Federation (D, b) |
1990 |
252.0 |
-19.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
370 691.0 |
-24.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Slovenia (D, b) |
1990 |
10 154.0 |
14.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Tajikistan (D, b) |
1995 |
565.0 |
-175.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1997 |
4 169.0 |
-259.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Asia and the Pacific | ||||||||
|
China (D, b) |
1990 |
152.8 |
-14.0 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
294.8 |
-21.1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Cook Islands (C, b) |
1990 |
160.0 |
14.4 |
187.0 |
14.4 |
139.0 |
-34.5 |
20.1 |
|
1993 |
186.0 |
-0.5 |
219.0 |
11.4 |
164.0 |
-33.5 |
-7.9 | |
|
Fiji (A, c) |
1990 |
1.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1996 |
2.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Hong Kong, China (E, d) |
1990 |
5 708.4 |
0.4 |
6 404.4 |
2.2 |
4 790.0 |
-33.7 |
-4.9 |
|
1995 |
10 047.0 |
5.4 |
10 764.0 |
3.2 |
9 311.4 |
-15.6 |
6.7 | |
|
1997 |
11 469.0 |
1.2 |
12 348.0 |
1.5 |
10 661.0 |
-15.8 |
1.8 | |
|
Korea, Republic of (D, b) |
1990 |
655.2 |
9.8 |
757.8 |
4.4 |
434.2 |
-74.5 |
16.1 |
|
Macau (D, a) |
1990 |
2 525.0 |
18.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
4 520.0 |
29.0 |
5 049.0 |
13.1 |
3 835.0 |
-31.7 |
30.1 | |
|
1997 |
4 842.0 |
31.4 |
5 625.0 |
10.8 |
4 087.0 |
-37.6 |
30.5 | |
|
Philippines (D, b) |
1990 |
4 331.0 |
1.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
6 223.0 |
... |
6 797.0 |
-10.8 |
5 500.0 |
... |
... | |
|
Singapore (D, b) |
1990 |
1 305.1 |
-6.9 |
1 496.3 |
-20.1 |
1 058.7 |
-41.3 |
7.1 |
|
1995 |
1 889.3 |
-14.2 |
2 160.3 |
-22.4 |
1 560.6 |
-38.4 |
1.2 | |
|
1997 |
2 088.2 |
-19.1 |
2 377.3 |
-26.2 |
1 748.3 |
-36.0 |
-3.6 | |
|
Solomon Islands (D, b) |
1990 |
529.0 |
18.1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
581.0 |
-8.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Sri Lanka (B, c) |
1996 |
152.9 |
4.9 |
152.9 |
... |
152.9 |
... |
... |
|
1997 |
188.3 |
11.7 |
188.3 |
10.9 |
188.3 |
0.0 |
24.3 | |
|
Thailand (E, b) |
1990 |
3 687.0 |
9.0 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
6 456.0 |
22.6 |
7 166.0 |
13.0 |
5 815.0 |
-23.2 |
26.9 | |
|
Latin America and the Caribbean | ||||||||
|
Bolivia (E, b) |
1990 |
550.1 |
10.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
1 165.0 |
17.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Chile (D, b) |
1990 |
133 187.0 |
1.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
133 867.0 |
-18.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
159 999.0 |
-18.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Costa Rica (D, b) |
1990 |
19 999.0 |
-0.2 |
22 708.0 |
3.6 |
16 051.0 |
-41.5 |
-1.3 |
|
1995 |
52 409.0 |
-3.7 |
59 828.0 |
-0.7 |
41 223.0 |
-45.1 |
-3.7 | |
|
1997 |
70 507.0 |
-7.3 |
78 990.0 |
0.1 |
56 580.0 |
-39.6 |
-19.4 | |
|
Dominican Republic (A, a) |
1991 |
13.7 |
24.1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
23.2 |
28.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
25.6 |
15.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Guatemala (D, b) |
1990 |
558.7 |
15.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
1 409.1 |
19.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
1 665.3 |
14.1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Guyana (D, b) |
1990 |
558.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
1 135.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Jamaica (C, b) |
1990 |
19 327.0 |
97.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Nicaragua (D, b) |
1990 |
... |
32.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
2 037.4 |
-19.9 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
2 604.0 |
-4.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Paraguay (D, b) |
1990 |
236 983.0 |
6.9 |
271 663.0 |
13.8 |
166 544.0 |
-63.1 |
6.5 |
|
1994 |
532 755.0 |
9.9 |
585 358.0 |
13.4 |
425 115.0 |
-37.7 |
8.4 | |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||||||
|
Botswana (D, b) |
1990 |
350.0 |
-9.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
580.0 |
-0.3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
623.0 |
-1.6 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Ghana (D, b) |
1990 |
25 375.0 |
-77.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Guinea (E, b) |
1990 |
40 250.0 |
-98.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
80 000.0 |
-62.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Kenya (D, b) |
1990 |
4 123.3 |
25.7 |
4 233.6 |
25.4 |
3 553.5 |
-19.1 |
34.8 |
|
1995 |
8 545.5 |
27.1 |
9 185.1 |
25.2 |
6 466.6 |
-42.0 |
48.7 | |
|
1997 |
7 600.7 |
27.5 |
8 596.8 |
38.4 |
6 044.6 |
-42.2 |
-7.7 | |
|
Malawi (D, b) |
1991 |
231.8 |
23.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
387.1 |
49.4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Mauritius (D, d) |
1990 |
3 507.0 |
11.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
6 376.0 |
11.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
7 042.0 |
10.8 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
South Africa (D, b) |
1990 |
1 417.0 |
-17.1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
Swaziland (D, e) |
1990 |
... |
... |
307.0 |
-5.5 |
259.0 |
-18.5 |
-9.7 |
|
1995 |
... |
... |
552.0 |
-1.1 |
516.0 |
-7.0 |
6.4 | |
|
Zimbabwe (D, b) |
1990 |
690.7 |
-15.3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1995 |
1 671.2 |
-14.5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Middle East and North Africa | ||||||||
|
Bahrain (D, b) |
1990 |
163.0 |
-37.7 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
1994 |
169.0 |
-11.2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
1997 |
169.0 |
-18.3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... | |
|
Egypt (C, c) |
1990 |
49.0 |
-10.2 |
51.0 |
-9.8 |
42.0 |
-21.4 |
9.5 |
|
1995 |
85.0 |
1.2 |
87.0 |
0.0 |
78.0 |
-11.5 |
17.9 | |
|
Jordan (B, b) |
1990 |
5.4 |
14.8 |
5.4 |
11.1 |
4.9 |
-10.2 |
44.9 |
|
1995 |
5.8 |
8.6 |
5.7 |
3.5 |
6.4 |
10.9 |
46.9 | |
|
… = not available.
| ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
Hours of work in wholesale and retail trade 1 by sex
(selected countries and various years)
|
| ||||||||
|
Country
|
Year |
Total |
Men |
Women | ||||
|
No. of
|
Difference in
|
No. of
|
Difference in
|
No. of
|
Difference in
|
Difference in
| ||
|
| ||||||||
|
Developed (industrialized) countries | ||||||||
|
Australia (A, b) |
1990 |
32.2 |
-18.3 |
38.1 |
… |
25.9 |
-47.1 |
… |
|
1995 |
32.1 |
-20.6 |
37.9 |
… |
25.8 |
-46.9 |
… | |
|
Canada (B, c) |
1990 |
26.9 |
-42.0 |
… |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
Cyprus (B, c) |
1990 |
40.7 |
-1.5 |
42.7 |
-0.2 |
37.1 |
-15.1 |
-8.1 |
|
1995 |
37.0 |
-8.4 |
40.4 |
-2.2 |
37.3 |
-8.3 |
-4.8 | |
|
1997 |
38.7 |
-1.0 |
38.9 |
-2.6 |
38.0 |
-2.4 |
-0.8 | |
|
France (A, b) |
1990 |
39.1 |
1.0 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
Gibraltar (B, c) |
1990 |
40.2 |
-16.7 |
41.4 |
-15.5 |
38.3 |
-8.1 |
-0.5 |
|
Isle of Man (B, b) |
1992 |
33.7 |
-15.1 |
… |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1993 |
... |
… |
39.9 |
-5.8 |
28.4 |
… |
-10.2 | |
|
1997 |
42.0 |
0.0 |
42.0 |
-2.4 |
40.0 |
-5.0 |
-2.5 | |
|
Israel (A, a) |
1990 |
39.1 |
0.5 |
43.0 |
5.8 |
32.2 |
-33.5 |
-5.6 |
|
Japan (A, a) |
1990 |
47.6 |
4.0 |
54.0 |
7.2 |
40.9 |
-32.0 |
4.9 |
|
1995 |
44.4 |
2.0 |
50.8 |
7.9 |
38.0 |
-33.7 |
0.5 | |
|
1997 |
43.3 |
1.4 |
49.9 |
7.6 |
36.8 |
-35.6 |
0.0 | |
|
Netherlands (B, b) |
1990 |
39.5 |
-1.0 |
39.7 |
-0.8 |
39.1 |
-1.5 |
-0.3 |
|
New Zealand (B, b) |
1990 |
36.8 |
-11.7 |
38.1 |
-10.2 |
35.2 |
-8.2 |
-9.9 |
|
1995 |
37.7 |
-11.7 |
39.0 |
-10.5 |
36.3 |
-7.4 |
-8.5 | |
|
1997 |
37.6 |
-10.1 |
38.8 |
-9.3 |
36.2 |
-7.2 |
-7.2 | |
|
Norway (A, b) |
1990 |
33.8 |
-9.5 |
39.9 |
2.5 |
28.6 |
-39.5 |
-9.4 |
|
1995 |
33.2 |
-10.5 |
38.2 |
-0.5 |
28.4 |
-34.5 |
-12.0 | |
|
San Marino (A, b) |
1991 |
45.5 |
… |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
49.0 |
21.4 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
1997 |
50.7 |
22.9 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Spain (A, a) |
1990 |
40.0 |
8.2 |
41.6 |
10.6 |
37.8 |
-10.1 |
7.7 |
|
Turkey (A, a) |
1990 |
58.1 |
16.0 |
59.0 |
14.2 |
47.2 |
-25.0 |
11.0 |
|
1995 |
57.8 |
13.1 |
58.6 |
12.6 |
50.3 |
-16.5 |
8.3 | |
|
1997 |
58.6 |
13.0 |
59.5 |
12.3 |
50.7 |
-17.4 |
9.7 | |
|
Transition economies | ||||||||
|
Moldova, Rep. of (A, b) |
1990 |
35.3 |
2.3 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
28.7 |
22.3 |
… |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Asia and the Pacific | ||||||||
|
Bangladesh (A, a) |
1990 |
64.0 |
51.6 |
65.0 |
47.7 |
45.0 |
-44.4 |
51.1 |
|
1995 |
49.0 |
6.1 |
50.0 |
-4.0 |
31.0 |
-61.3 |
-19.4 | |
|
Hong Kong, China (A, a) |
1990 |
48.9 |
9.6 |
50.6 |
9.3 |
46.3 |
-9.3 |
9.7 |
|
1995 |
47.4 |
7.8 |
49.3 |
8.1 |
45.0 |
-9.6 |
8.7 | |
|
1997 |
46.9 |
6.6 |
48.7 |
7.2 |
44.7 |
-8.9 |
7.4 | |
|
India (A, b) |
1990 |
47.3 |
1.9 |
47.3 |
… |
44.6 |
-6.1 |
… |
|
1995 |
47.9 |
2.9 |
48.0 |
… |
46.4 |
-3.4 |
… | |
|
Korea, Republic of (A, b) |
1990 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
47.8 |
… |
-3.8 |
|
1995 |
46.3 |
-6.3 |
46.1 |
-7.4 |
46.8 |
1.5 |
-3.8 | |
|
1997 |
44.9 |
-6.5 |
44.8 |
-7.1 |
45.1 |
0.7 |
-5.1 | |
|
Macau (A, a) |
1990 |
57.8 |
16.8 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1992 |
... |
… |
57.8 |
14.4 |
56.2 |
… |
13.7 | |
|
1995 |
53.3 |
9.8 |
54.7 |
11.3 |
51.9 |
-5.4 |
7.7 | |
|
1997 |
52.7 |
7.8 |
53.5 |
8.8 |
51.9 |
-3.1 |
6.6 | |
|
Philippines (A, a) |
1990 |
52.2 |
14.0 |
51.2 |
8.6 |
52.8 |
3.0 |
19.5 |
|
1995 |
50.9 |
12.4 |
49.3 |
4.9 |
51.8 |
4.8 |
19.1 | |
|
1997 |
50.8 |
12.8 |
48.5 |
4.1 |
52.1 |
6.9 |
20.2 | |
|
Singapore (B, b) |
1990 |
42.3 |
-14.7 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
43.1 |
-14.4 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
1997 |
43.3 |
-14.3 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Sri Lanka (B, c) |
1996 |
50.2 |
… |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1997 |
66.4 |
21.1 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Thailand (A, b) 3 |
1990 |
208.5 |
7.3 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
201.2 |
1.9 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Latin America and the Caribbean | ||||||||
|
Argentina (A, a) |
1990 |
48.9 |
9.4 |
50.5 |
9.9 |
45.2 |
-11.7 |
10.2 |
|
1995 |
48.8 |
13.1 |
50.8 |
13.2 |
45.2 |
-12.4 |
16.8 | |
|
Bolivia (B, b) |
1990 |
43.2 |
-10.0 |
43.2 |
-10.0 |
44.6 |
3.1 |
-4.0 |
|
1995 |
44.3 |
-2.5 |
44.0 |
-3.4 |
44.7 |
1.6 |
-0.4 | |
|
Chile (A, a) |
1992 |
46.8 |
… |
47.8 |
… |
45.5 |
-5.1 |
… |
|
1995 |
46.9 |
6.0 |
48.1 |
5.2 |
45.3 |
-6.2 |
13.0 | |
|
1997 |
45.5 |
2.9 |
47.3 |
3.6 |
43.5 |
-8.7 |
7.6 | |
|
Colombia (A, a) |
1991 |
49.1 |
3.3 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
48.7 |
3.1 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
1997 |
48.3 |
1.7 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Dominican Republic (A, a) |
1991 |
44.0 |
4.5 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
45.0 |
2.2 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
1997 |
45.0 |
-2.2 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Jamaica (B, c) |
1990 |
40.9 |
4.6 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
Paraguay (A, b) 3 |
1991 |
169.0 |
… |
161.0 |
… |
183.0 |
12.0 |
… |
|
1994 |
164.0 |
-3.7 |
167.0 |
-3.6 |
160.0 |
-4.4 |
-0.6 | |
|
Uruguay (A, a) |
1993 |
44.2 |
… |
47.1 |
5.3 |
39.8 |
-18.3 |
-0.5 |
|
1995 |
43.9 |
4.3 |
46.3 |
4.8 |
40.3 |
-14.9 |
7.9 | |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||||||
|
Kenya (B, b) |
1990 |
37.0 |
-16.2 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… |
|
1995 |
40.0 |
-7.5 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
1997 |
41.0 |
-7.3 |
... |
… |
... |
… |
… | |
|
Middle East and North Africa | ||||||||
|
Egypt (B, c) |
1990 |
57.0 |
1.8 |
57.0 |
1.8 |
55.0 |
-3.6 |
0.0 |
|
1995 |
55.0 |
-3.6 |
55.0 |
-5.5 |
56.0 |
1.8 |
0.0 | |
|
Jordan (B, b) 3 |
1990 |
250.1 |
-0.3 |
254.5 |
1.2 |
249.5 |
-2.0 |
1.1 |
|
1995 |
259.0 |
2.2 |
259.9 |
2.3 |
248.0 |
-4.8 |
-0.2 | |
|
… = not available.
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