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WP.151
Table 1. Feminization in primary education 1980-95
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|
Country |
|
Level 1980
|
|
Level 1995
|
|
Rate 1995 as
|
|
| ||||||
|
Australia |
70 |
76 |
9 | |||
|
Austria |
75 |
83 |
10 | |||
|
Belgium |
59 |
72 |
22 | |||
|
Canada |
66 |
67 |
1 | |||
|
Czech Republic |
- |
93 |
- | |||
|
France |
68 |
79 |
16 | |||
|
Germany |
- |
81 |
- | |||
|
Greece |
48 |
56 |
17 | |||
|
Hungary |
80 |
92 |
14 | |||
|
Ireland |
74 |
78 |
6 | |||
|
Italy |
87 |
94 |
8 | |||
|
Japan |
57 |
61 |
8 | |||
|
Republic of Korea |
37 |
59 |
62 | |||
|
Luxembourg |
50 |
51 |
2 | |||
|
Netherlands |
46 |
65 |
41 | |||
|
New Zealand |
66 |
81 |
23 | |||
|
Norway |
56 |
63 |
12 | |||
|
Portugal |
82 |
- |
- | |||
|
Spain |
64 |
71 |
10 | |||
|
Turkey |
41 |
44 |
7 | |||
|
United Kingdom |
78 |
80 |
3 | |||
|
United States |
- |
86 |
- | |||
|
Source: UNESCO database for 1980 and 1995 figures (cited in ILO (1998)). |
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Table 2. Feminization in secondary education 1980-95
Selected OECD countries
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|
Country |
Level 1980
|
Level 1995
|
Rate 1995 as
| |||
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|
Australia |
45 |
51 |
12 | |||
|
Austria |
49 |
55 |
13 | |||
|
Canada |
44 |
67 |
52 | |||
|
Czech Republic |
- |
61 |
- | |||
|
France |
55 |
58 |
6 | |||
|
Germany |
49 |
- | ||||
|
Greece |
49 |
55 |
12 | |||
|
Hungary |
- |
66 |
- | |||
|
Ireland |
50 |
54 |
9 | |||
|
Italy |
58 |
64 |
9 | |||
|
Japan |
26 |
33 |
24 | |||
|
Republic of Korea |
26 |
38 |
48 | |||
|
New Zealand |
39 |
57 |
71 | |||
|
Portugal |
59 |
- |
- | |||
|
Spain |
40 |
52 |
30 | |||
|
Turkey |
35 |
40 |
15 | |||
|
United Kingdom |
- |
55 |
- | |||
|
United States |
- |
56 |
- | |||
|
Source: UNESCO data base for 1980 and 1995 figures (cited in ILO (1998)). |
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Table 3. Headships - per population
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|
Country |
Primary |
Secondary |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Headships |
Headships per
|
Women as
|
Headships |
Headships per
|
Women as
| |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
|
Belgium |
1 465 |
0.0146 |
36 |
2 111 |
0.021 |
21 | ||||||
|
Canada |
7 930 |
0.0280 |
34 |
2 149 |
0.008 |
19 | ||||||
|
France |
12 305 |
0.021 |
29 | |||||||||
|
Finland |
500 |
0.010 |
18 | |||||||||
|
Ireland |
3 345 |
0.0940 |
44 |
550 |
0.016 |
42 | ||||||
|
Italy |
4 616 |
0.0080 |
46 |
9 567 |
0.017 |
29 | ||||||
|
Netherlands |
8 287 |
0.0500 |
13 |
|||||||||
|
New Zealand |
2 251 |
0.0610 |
27 |
319 |
0.009 |
16 | ||||||
|
Sweden |
2 704 |
0.0300 |
46 |
552 |
0.006 |
27 | ||||||
|
United Kingdom |
21 202 |
0.0360 |
50 |
4 716 |
0.008 |
22 | ||||||
Table 4. Teaching hours and feminization
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|
Country |
|
Primary |
|
|
|
|
|
Lower secondary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
|
Teaching hours
|
Feminization
|
Rate of feminization
|
Teaching hours
|
Feminization
|
Rate of feminization
| |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
|
Austria |
684 |
High |
Low |
658 |
High |
Medium | ||||||
|
Belgium |
861 |
High |
High |
741 |
||||||||
|
France |
900 |
High |
Medium |
647 |
High |
Low | ||||||
|
Greece |
780 |
Medium |
Medium |
629 |
High |
Medium | ||||||
|
Ireland |
915 |
High |
Low |
735 |
High |
Low | ||||||
|
Netherlands |
975 |
Medium |
Major |
910 |
||||||||
|
New Zealand |
804 |
High |
High |
776 |
High |
Major | ||||||
|
Norway |
713 |
Medium |
Medium |
611 |
||||||||
|
Spain |
900 |
Medium |
Low |
900 |
Medium |
High | ||||||
|
Turkey |
830 |
Low |
Low |
996 |
High |
Medium | ||||||
|
Source for teaching hours: 1996 OECD: Education at a glance 1998, table E3.1, p. 284 (1999). |
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Table 5. Comparison of primary and secondary feminization
levels and rates of change within countries
|
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|
Country |
|
Primary |
|
|
|
|
|
Secondary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
|
Feminization level 1980 |
Rate of change in feminization 1980-95 |
Feminization level 1995 |
Feminization level 1980 |
Rate of change in feminization 1980-95 |
Feminization level 1995 | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
|
Greece |
Low |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
High | ||||||
|
Republic of Korea |
Low |
Major |
Medium |
Low |
Major |
Low | ||||||
|
Netherlands |
Low |
Major |
Medium |
- |
- |
- | ||||||
|
Turkey |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Low | ||||||
|
Belgium |
Medium |
High |
High |
- |
- |
- | ||||||
|
Canada |
Medium |
Very low |
Medium |
Medium |
Major |
High | ||||||
|
France |
Medium |
Medium |
High |
High |
Low |
High | ||||||
|
Japan |
Medium |
Low |
Medium |
Low |
High |
Low | ||||||
|
Luxembourg |
Medium |
Very low |
Medium |
- |
- |
- | ||||||
|
New Zealand |
Medium |
High |
High |
Low |
Major |
High | ||||||
|
Norway |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
- |
- |
- | ||||||
|
Spain |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium |
Low |
High |
Medium | ||||||
|
Austria |
High |
Low |
High |
Medium |
Medium |
High | ||||||
|
Australia |
High |
Low |
High |
Medium |
Medium |
Medium | ||||||
|
Hungary |
High |
Medium |
High |
- |
- |
High | ||||||
|
Ireland |
High |
Low |
High |
Medium |
Low |
High | ||||||
|
Italy |
High |
Low |
High |
High |
Low |
High | ||||||
|
Portugal |
High |
- |
- |
High |
- |
- | ||||||
|
United Kingdom |
High |
Very low |
High |
- |
- |
High | ||||||
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