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The following briefly outlines ISCO-88 major groups, and is
meant to facilitate the interpretation of the classification.
The information given here should not be regarded as a
substitute for the more detailed descriptions of occupational
groups which the volume contains.
1. Legislators, senior officials and managers
This major group includes occupations whose main tasks
consist of determining and formulating government policies, as
well as laws and public regulations, overseeing their
implementation, representing governments and acting on their
behalf, or planning, directing and coordinating the policies and
activities of enterprises and organisations, or departments.
Reference to skill level has not been made in defining the scope
of this major group, which has been divided into three sub-major
groups, eight minor groups and 33 unit groups, reflecting
differences in tasks associated with different areas of
authority and different types of enterprises and organisations.
2. Professionals
This major group includes occupations whose main tasks
require a high level of professional knowledge and experience
in the fields of physical and life sciences, or social sciences
and humanities. The main tasks consist of increasing the
existing stock of knowledge, applying scientific and artistic
concepts and theories to the solution of problems, and teaching
about the foregoing in a systematic manner. Most occupations
in this major group require skills at the fourth ISCO skill
level. This major group has been divided into four sub-major
groups, 18 minor groups and 55 unit groups, reflecting
differences in tasks associated with different fields of
knowledge and specialisation.
3. Technicians and associate professionals
This major group includes occupations whose main tasks
require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields
of physical and life sciences, or social sciences and
humanities. The main tasks consist of carrying out technical
work connected with the application of concepts and operational
methods in the above-mentioned fields, and in teaching at certain
educational levels. Most occupations in this major group
require skills at the third ISCO skill level. This major group
has been divided into four sub-major groups, 21 minor groups and
73 unit groups, reflecting differences in tasks associated with
different fields of knowledge and specialisation.
4. Clerks
This major group includes occupations whose main tasks
require the knowledge and experience necessary to organise,
store, compute and retrieve information. The main tasks consist
of performing secretarial duties, operating word processors and
other office machines, recording and computing numerical data,
and performing a number of customer-oriented clerical duties,
mostly in connection with mail services, money-handling
operations and appointments. Most occupations in this major
group require skills at the second ISCO skill level. This major
group has been divided into two sub-major groups, seven minor
groups and 23 unit groups, reflecting differences in tasks
associated with different areas of specialisation.
5. Service workers and shop and market sales workers
This major group includes occupations whose main tasks
require the knowledge and experience necessary to provide
personal and protective services, and to sell goods in shops or
at markets. The main tasks consist of providing services
related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care,
protection of individuals and property, and to maintaining law
and order, or selling goods in shops or at markets. Most
occupations in this major group require skills at the second
ISCO skill level. This major group has been divided into two
sub-major groups, nine minor groups and 23 unit groups,
reflecting differences in tasks associated with different areas
of
specialisation.
6. Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
This major group includes occupations whose tasks require
the knowledge and experience to produce farm, forestry and
fishery products. The main tasks consist or growing crops,
breeding or hunting animals, catching or cultivating fish,
conserving and exploiting forests and, especially in the case of
market-oriented agricultural and fishery workers, selling
products to purchasers, marketing organisations or at markets.
Most occupations in this major group require skills at the
second ISCO skill level. This major group has been divided into
two sub-major groups, six minor groups and 17 unit groups,
reflecting differences in tasks associated with differences
between market-oriented and subsistence agricultural and fishery
workers.
7. Craft and related trades workers
This major group includes occupations whose tasks require
the knowledge and experience of skilled trades or handicrafts
which, among other things, involves an understanding of
materials and tools to be used, as well as of all stages of the
production process, including the characteristics and the
intended use of the final product. The main tasks consist of
extracting raw materials, constructing buildings and other
structures and making various products as well as handicraft
goods. Most occupations in this major group require skills at
the second ISCO skill level. This major group has been divided
into four sub-major groups, 16 minor groups and 70 unit groups,
reflecting differences in tasks associated with different areas
of specialisation.
8. Plant and machine operators and assemblers
This major group includes occupations whose main tasks
require the knowledge and experience necessary to operate and
monitor large scale, and often highly automated, industrial
machinery and equipment. The main tasks consist of operating
and monitoring mining, processing and production machinery and
equipment, as well as driving vehicles and driving and operating
mobile plant, or assembling products from component parts. Most
occupations in this major group require skills at the second
ISCO skill level. This major group has been divided into three
sub-major groups, 20 minor groups and 70 unit groups, reflecting
differences in tasks associated with different areas of
specialisation.
9. Elementary occupations
This major group covers occupations which require the
knowledge and experience necessary to perform mostly simple and
routine tasks, involving the use of hand-held tools and in some
cases considerable physical effort, and, with few exceptions,
only limited personal initiative or judgement. The main tasks
consist of selling goods in streets, doorkeeping and property
watching, as well as cleaning, washing, pressing, and working
as labourers in the fields of mining, agriculture and fishing,
construction and manufacturing. Most occupations in this major
group require skills at the first ISCO skill level. This major
group has been divided into three sub-major groups, ten minor
groups and 25 unit groups, reflecting differences in tasks
associated with different areas of work.
0. Armed forces
Members of the armed forces are those personnel who are
currently serving in the armed forces, including auxiliary
services, whether on a voluntary or compulsory basis, and who
are not free to accept civilian employment. Included are
regular members of the army, navy, air force and other military
services, as well as conscripts enroled for military training or
other service for a specified period, depending on national
requirements. Excluded are persons in civilian employment of
government establishments concerned with defence issues: police
(other than military police); customs inspectors and members of
border or other armed civilian services; persons who have been
temporarily withdrawn from civilian life for a short period of
military training or retraining, according to national
requirements, and members of military reserves not currently on
active service. Reference to a skill level has not been used
in defining the scope of this major group.
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