ILO World Employment Report 1996-97

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World Employment 1996-97

Table of Contents

Overview
Chapter I: The global context
- Trade and investment flows
- Impact on labour markets and labour standards
- International policy issues
- New challenges for national policies
Chapter II: Is full employment passé?
- Introduction
- The end of work?
- Delinking income from work?
- A revolution in the nature of work?
- Changed attitudes towards work and unemployment?
  - Rising voluntariness of unemployment?
- Updating the concept of full employment
Chapter III: Industrialized countries: reversing the drift from full employment
- Main stylized facts of labour-market developments
- High and persistent unemployment
- Labour market rigidities
- Macroeconomic factors
- Rising wage inequality
- Trends in wage inequality and low-paid employment
- Patterns of changes across countries
- Growing low-pay employment and its consequences
- Explanations of rising wage inequality
- Is growing international trade to blame?
- Is technological change responsible?
- Do institutional changes matter?
- Policies for reapproaching full employment
- Aiming at higher growth
- Is potential growth limited to 2 to 2.5 per cent?
- Can expansionary policies raise growth?
- Mechanisms for moderating wage inflation
- Coordination of wage bargaining
- Other possible mechanisms
- Labour market policies
- Reforming the unemployment benefit system
- Direct job creation
  - Policies promoting training
Chapter IV: Containing high unemployment in transition economies
- Transition and full employment
- The emergence of high unemployment
- The transition process
  - Progress made
  - Remaining challenges
- Policy issues
  - Macroeconomic policies
  - Labour institutions for a market economy
  - Promoting enterprise growth
  - Transitional employment subsidies
Chapter V: Economic reform and employment in developing countries
- Introduction
- The objective of full employment in developing countries
- Employment performance
  - Overall employment growth and unemployment
  - Employment in manufacturing
  - Employment elasticity
  - Change in the structure of employment
- Growth and adjustment
  - Growth performance
  - Degree of openness
  - Savings and investment
  - Preconditions for higher growth
- Economic reform and employment
  - Strategic issues
    - Role of the State
    - Pace and sequencing of reforms
    - Trade liberalization
- Ensuring equity in reform programmes
- Vulnerable groups
- Reducing rural poverty
- Promoting small and medium enterprises
- Labour market regulation and employment
- Are minimum wages set too high?
- Are non-wage labour costs too high?
- Do macroeconomic data suggest overall employment and wage rigidities?
- Changes in wage inequality
- Economic liberalization and wage inequality
- Trends in wage dispersion in manufacturing
- Correlates of changes in wage dispersion
- Real wages
- Labour productivity
- Employment
- Output
Conclusions on employment policies in a global context adopted by the 83rd Session of the International Labour Conference, June 1996

This page was created by JR. It was approved by WS. It was last updated on November 20, 1998.

World Employment 1996-97 Table of Contents

World Employment 1996-97

Table of Contents