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Labour Institutions and Development Programme
DP/90/1997
ISBN 92-9014-593-5
First published 1997
Venezuela: Exclusion and integration- A synthesis in the building?
By
Vanessa Cartaya
Rodolf Magallanes
Carlos Domínguez |
| Venezuela: Exclusion and integration- A synthesis in the building? |
 Preface
Introduction
CHAPTER 1: The conceptual framework of social exclusion
Exclusion in Venezuela
Hypothesis and methods
CHAPTER 2: The dimensions of exclusion in Venezuela
The starting point: Social and political rights
The case of Venezuela: Basic features
CHAPTER 3: Material exclusion: Market, state and family
Social rights and exclusion
What does extreme poverty mean
The right to health
The right to accommodation: the home and living conditions
The right to education
The right to work and an adequate income
The institutions and social protection
Material exclusion and the role of the State, the market and the family
CHAPTER 4: The political dimension of exclusion
The starting point: Living off ones means and the political system
A propensity to conflict, an expression of the crisis
Public protest
The propensity to labour disputes
Violation of individual rights
Patterns of civil organisation
Crisis in the populist system of conciliation of interests
Emergent guidelines for relations between the State and civil society
Political participation mechanisms and recent reforms
Reforms around political participation and representation
The local political dimension
The practical implementation of local Government reforms
Contradictory symtoms in the political system
CHAPTER 5: Profiles of exclusion and principles of integration: A synthesis in the building
The agents and the "rules of the game"
Social rights and the material dimension of exclusion
The political dimension of exclusion
The connections between material and political factors in the exclusion process
Bibliographical References
List of tables
 Table 1. Venezuela. Macroeconomic indicators, 1990-1993
Table 2. Venezuela. Index of human development, 1990-1992
Table 3. Income poverty in Venezuela, 1991-1993
Table 4. Characteristics of households by income quartiles
Table 5. Households by sex and age of the head and family income
Table 6. Access to basic mother-and-child health services
Table 7. Indicators of accommodation suitability by family income quartiles
Table 8. Educational attainment by major age groups and family income quartiles
Table 9. Families by schooling of family head
Table 10. Exclusion profile in childhood education
Table 11. Adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age. School attendance rates by age and family income
Table 12. Adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age who do not attend school by level of schooling achieved
Table 13. The labour market in Venezuela 1981-1994
Table 14. Population of 15 years and older by situation in the work force and household income
Table 15. Rates of activity and unemployment by sex and household income
Table 16. Age-related structure of the work force
Table 17. Incomes and average years of schooling of the employed by family income and age groups
Table 18. Incomes and average schooling by area of activity
Table 19. Average schooling and income of workers by level of education and income of the household
Table 20. Relations between family, market and poverty
Table 21. Employment characteristics of households by family income
Table 22. What are adolescents doing?
Table 23. Social security programmes and benefits
Table 24. Degree of casualization by sex and level of family income
Table 25. Access to compensatory programmes through the school network
Table 26. Access to compensatory programmes through the health network
Table 27. Families and their access to social protection programmes by household income
Table 28. Inactive persons by age group and quartiles in relation to upkeep
Table 29. Public demonstrations, 1993-1994
Table 30. Demonstrations put down in the period December 1992 to August 1994
Table 31. Labour disputes by sector 1990-1993
Table 32. Labour disputes in the public sector by causes, 1990-1993
Table 33. Technocracy and bureaucratic currents
Table 34. Differences in demands being made by members of the entrepreneurial sector
Table 35. Characteristics of the new social movements
Appendices
Table A1 Production indicators, prices and labour market
Table A2 Demographic structure of households
Table A3 Poor and extremely poor households by geographic area 1990
Table A4 Employed persons by average years of education, sex and age groups
Table A5 Structure by worker age
Table A6 Rates of school attendance, employment and unemployment by age - Adolescents between 15 and 19 years
Table A7 Employed persons by branch of economic activity and income quartile
Table A8 Employed persons by occupational category and income quartiles
Table A9 Workers' incomes by income quartile, branch of economic activity and age group
Table A10 Profile of Venezuelan adolescent at 19 years of age, 1991
Table A11 Family employment strategies by family composition and family life cycle
Table A12 Households by head of households employment situation - Distribution of disadvantage
Table A13 Compensatory programmes. Plan for halting poverty
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