The report has five chapters. Following this introductory chapter, the second chapter reviews literature on social security/social protection. In addition to reviewing the emerging concepts, the chapter analyses the strengths and weaknesses of various practices in both the developed and developing countries. The second chapter includes an examination of studies related to Nepal. The third chapter focuses on the policies, legal arrangements and schemes practiced in Nepal. The fourth chapter assesses the existing social security situation in the country, reviews new initiatives, and assesses the challenges. The last chapter contains the conclusions and recommendations.