As with other countries in the Central African region, Burundi is home to indigenous peoples collectively known as so-called “Pygmies”, although most consider this term to be pejorative, preferring to be referred to by the name of their ethnic group (Batwa). As with other countries in the region, exact numbers of indigenous peoples in Burundi are unknown, although it is thought that they represent approximately 30,000-40,000 people, or between 0.45 and 0.6% of the population. The Batwa do not reside in particular areas, but are scattered throughout the country, and are primarily hunter-gatherers where local conditions still allow.
The situation of the Batwa of Burundi is very similar to that of their neighbours in Rwanda. They share the same problems of marginalisation, prejudice, discrimination, land rights and extreme poverty. Others may not enter a Batwa hut, share food or drink, or even sit and chat with Batwa for fear of being ostracised by their own community. If anything, the Burundian Batwa are even more destitute than the Batwa of Rwanda, due to the severe effects of the conflict on security, food production and health.
Recently, some measures have been undertaken, including ensuring Batwa representation in Parliament through a quota system. However, much remains to be done.
PRO 169 has provided support to the translation of Convention No. 169 into the national language, and its dissemination through a national-level Batwa organization – Unissons-nous pour la promotion des Batwa (UNIPROBA).